ENTOMOPHTHORA CRUSTOSA N. SP. AS A PATHOGEN OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. MacLeod ◽  
David Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractEntomophthora crustosa n. sp. pathogenic for Malacosoma species (principally M. disstria Hbn.), is described. It is characterized in the conidial state by a hymenial coating which, at maturity, forms a crust-like covering, cinnamon brown, over the surface of infected insects, and by conidial size. In the resting spore (zygospore) state the distinguishing attributes are ornamentation of the zygospores and their mode of development. The pathogen grows readily on coagulated egg-yolk media.The fungus is briefly compared with 10 other closely related Entomophthora species. Entomophthora crustosa seems to be of widespread occurrence in eastern North America.

Prevalence and biology of Furia gastropachae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in populations of forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Filotas ◽  
Ann E. Hajek ◽  
Richard A. Humber
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Marked Tendency

AbstractFuria gastropachaecomb. nov. (= Furia crustosa MacLeod et Tyrrell) has long been associated with declines in populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner; however, its prevalence and impact on host populations have never been documented. We clarify the nomenclature for this species, which has previously been called F. crustosa, and describe the morphology of F. gastropachae isolates from Maryland and New York. Epizootics of F. gastropachae were studied in M. disstria populations in New York and Maryland, United States of America. Prevalence (mean ± SE) of F. gastropachae in late fifth instar larvae in New York was 25.6 ± 7.8% compared with 22.2 ± 11.3% infection by virus and 23.3 ± 8.4% parasitism. In Maryland, F. gastropachae was not found in early instars and its incidence in fourth and fifth instars was 14.5 ± 7.3 and 21.6 ± 17.6%, respectively. Dipteran parasitoids were also important natural enemies with 38.3 ± 3.0 and 17.9 ± 1.4% parasitism in fourth and fifth instars, respectively. Virus was found in fewer than 5% of larvae collected. Furia gastropachae showed a marked tendency toward resting spore production in infected larvae, with 100% of larvae collected in New York and >80% of larvae collected in Maryland producing resting spores, either alone or in combination with conidia. The appearance of cadavers of larvae dying from fungal and viral infections was similar. Of 13 species of Lepidoptera exposed to F. gastropachae conidia in host-range bioassays, only 3.3% of Danaus plexippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), 5.6% of Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), and 3.7% of Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) were successfully infected by this fungus.

scholarly journals Preliminary hazard rating for forest tent caterpillar in British Columbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-648
Author(s):  
Imre S. Otvos ◽  
Kangakola Omendja ◽  
Sharene Foord ◽  
Nicholas Conder ◽  
Neil Borecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hazard Rating ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) is a major defoliator of hardwoods throughout North America, including aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). M. disstria has been a major concern in many parts of Canada for the last two decades, but until recently in British Columbia it was considered an aesthetic concern only. However, with the increasing interest in the cultivation of hardwoods for fibre, and more recently for fuel, this insect could become a major concern in hardwood management. Records of past M. disstria outbreaks in British Columbia were summarized. The locations and intensity of six outbreaks were overlaid on biogeoclimatic units to determine which biogeoclimatic zones have experienced repeated outbreaks of M. disstria. Between 1944 and 2003, M. disstria outbreaks have become larger in extent and longer in duration. Analysis indicated that aspen stands in the Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS), Sub- Boreal Spruce (SBS) and Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) biogeoclimatic zones have been most frequently attacked. In the BWBS zone, most affected areas (93.3%) were defoliated for only one year (lightly). In the SBS and ICH zones, areas attacked by M. disstria tended to be defoliated two or more consecutive years (40.2% and 56.2%, respectively), and had a greater chance of being more severely defoliated than aspen stands in the BWBS zone. Key words: Malacosoma disstria, forest tent caterpillar, damage, outbreaks, hazard rating

PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUTBREAKS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1950 ◽  
Vol 28d (6) ◽  
pp. 308-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington ◽  
J. J. Fettes ◽  
R. M. Belyea ◽  
K. B. Turner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Biological and meteorological records were examined for periods when outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), were known to have occurred in northeastern North America. The survey showed that the following significant events occurred during the period of three to four years preceding an outbreak. Decreasing annual numbers of low pressure centers passed over the area in which the outbreak later occurred. Therefore, the outbreak began at a time of decreased or minimal storminess. Drought occurred, chiefly in June and July, but also occasionally in spring and autumn. Annual increments of host trees on dry sites declined. Outbreaks of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., occurred, particularly in Ontario. These events, in aggregate, occurred so consistently before spruce budworm outbreaks that they have future predictive value. In addition, they reinforce some suggestions made by earlier authors and suggest modifications of hypotheses concerning the behavior of developing populations of the spruce budworm.

PATHOGENICITY OF ANUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS TO FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hiibner, is widely distributed throughout North America and is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases, including a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). NPVs have been isolated from several Malacosoma species in North America and Europe, including M. disstria, M. neustria, M. americanum, M. fragile, M. alpicola, M. californicum, M. pluviale, and M. constrictum (Stairs 1964). The viruses isolated from all North American species of Malacosoma may be cross transmitted from one species to another (Clark 1958). Distinctive isolates of NPV have been characterized from populations of M. disstria in Alberta (Keddie and Erlandson 1995) and Ontario (Ebling and Kaupp 1995).

scholarly journals Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Meeker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, is the most widely distributed indigenous tent caterpillar in North America (Furniss and Carolin 1977). The forest tent caterpillar has been recognized as an important defoliator of a wide variety of deciduous hardwood trees throughout its range for many years (Batzer and Morris 1978). Although this univoltine insect is called a tent caterpillar, it is unlike other Malacosoma species in that the larvae do not construct tents. Instead, forest tent caterpillars spin silken mats on the trunks and large branches where they congregate to molt or rest from feeding. Larvae also deposit silk in strands along which they travel to and from feeding sites. The caterpillars themselves are relatively harmless to people (i.e., they do not bite or sting) although a few people have an allergic reaction to handling them. This document is EENY-184 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 385), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: January 2001.  EENY-184/IN341: Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria H�bner (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (ufl.edu)

The Light Reactions of Larvae of the Tent Caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., M. americanum (Fab.), and M. pluviale (Dyar). (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Sullivan ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., and the eastern and western tent caterpillars, M. americanum (Fab.) and M. pluviale (Dyar), are common pests of several species of deciduous trees in Canada. All are colonial during the larval stage, but M. disstria differs from the others in one respect: it does not construct a communal tent. This difference in habit merits special consideration in any comparative study of larval behaviour, particularly in one concerned with the effects of physical factors upon the insects, since a tent modifies the effects of the physical environment considerably. Recently, a series of such studies was carried out, and one part of the work consisted of laboratory and field observations on the light reactions of larvae. The results obtained have raised a number of new questions which unfortunately cannot be answered now, hecause two of the species have been difficult to obtain in quantity since 1950. Nevertheless, the findings are presented here without additional delay, since they are of general interest, and other workers may wish to use them.

Identification and behavioral assays of the trail pheromone of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1511-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Fitzgerald ◽  
F. X. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Trail Pheromone ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Malacosoma Americanum ◽  
Eastern Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
True Threshold ◽  
Behavioral Assays ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Behavioral assays show that the steroid 5β-cholestan-3-one, isolated from the abdomen of the larva of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria), constitutes the chemical basis of trail following in this insect. Caterpillars follow artificial trails prepared from solvent dilutions of the compound at rates as low as 10−11 g∙mm−11 of trail, though the true threshold sensitivity is likely to be one or two orders of magnitude lower than this. Fourth-instar caterpillars store an average of 58 ng of the pheromone. Field and laboratory studies indicate that the compound is fully competitive with their authentic trails. The caterpillars are highly sensitive to differences in the concentration of the pheromone, preferring stronger trails to weaker trails. The caterpillars also respond to 5β-cholestane-3,24-dione, a chemical not found in M. disstria but known to be a component of the trail pheromone of the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum.

CO2 and O3 effects on host plant preferences of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jep Agrell ◽  
Brian Kopper ◽  
Evan P. McDonald ◽  
Richard L. Lindroth
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Tent Caterpillar
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