Early development and flysch sedimentation in Ordovician Taconic foreland basin, west-central Newfoundland

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257
Author(s):  
Gustavo González-Bonorino
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Submarine Fans ◽  
Green Point ◽  
West Central ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Lower Head ◽  
North American Craton ◽  
Shallow Bay

During the Early to Late Ordovician the Taconic foredeep in west-central Newfoundland evolved from an underfilled to an overfilled state in response to cratonward advance, thickening, and erosion of the Taconic Orogen. Early orogen-derived sediment in the foreland basin consisted of middle(?) to lake Arenigian deep-water mudstones that accumulated on an inner (craton-facing) slope prism (uppermost parts of Shallow Bay and Green Point formations and correlative units). These deposits are interbedded with and overlie passive-margin slope sediments. In the middle Arenigian to early Llanvirnian, sand from the orogen formed several small, sand-rich submarine fans (Lower Head Formation and correlative units) on the lower reaches of the inner slope and basin plain. The fans may have been fed by closely spaced rivers draining the orogen, as presently occurs in western South America. Only proximal portions of these fans are now exposed. The flysch basin was narrow, constricted by the inner slope and the passive-margin slope, and located a short distance seaward from the buried hingeline of the proto-North American craton. As the orogen thickened sufficiently to override the crustal ramp, the carbonate shelf on the craton drowned, clastic depocentres migrated onto the foundered craton, and a thicker flysch (Mainland Sandstone) accumulated in Llanvirnian-Llandeilian time. In the Caradocian the foreland basin was overfilled with shallow-marine terrigenous sediments (Long Point Formation). Regional flysch dispersal was from a St. Lawrence promontory to a Quebec reentrant.

Middle Ordovician (late Dapingian–Darriwilian) conodonts from the Cow Head Group and Lower Head Formation, western Newfoundland, Canada1This article is one of a series of papers published in CJES Special Issue: In honour of Ward Neale on the theme of Appalachian and Grenvillian geology.

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend Stouge
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Green Point ◽  
Global Correlation ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Lower Head ◽  
Lowermost Part ◽  
Shallow Bay

Middle Ordovician (late Dapingian–Darriwilian) conodonts from the Shallow Bay and Green Point formations, Cow Head Group, and the Lower Head Formation are recorded from three sections in Gros Morne National Park. The collection was investigated to clarify local age relationships between the uppermost part of the Cow Head Group and the interbedded to overlying sediments of the Lower Head Formation. Conodonts from St. Pauls Inlet North section indicate a middle Dapingian age for the upper lower Bed 13, latest Dapingian to early Darriwilian age for the upper Bed 13, an early Darriwilian (Dw 1) age for the top beds or Bed 15 of the Shallow Bay Formation at Lower Head, and the Lower Head Formation is referred to the Darriwilian. The uppermost part of the lower Bed 13 contains Periodon hankensis n. sp., Gothodus sp. A , and Diaphorodus delicatus followed by Periodon macrodentatus , Ansella longicuspica , Erraticodon n. sp. A , and Spinodus wardi n. sp. in the lowermost part of upper Bed 13. The fauna with P. macrodentatus is referred to the newly established Periodon macrodentatus conodont (phylo-)Zone, which is used for global correlation. The uppermost fauna in the Cow Head Group, i.e., Bed 15, includes Histiodella holodentata , Nealeodus martinpointensis , Oistodella pulchra , Dzikodus peavyi , and Yangtzeplacognathus n. sp. A , which are included in the Histiodella holodentata conodont (Bio-)Subzone of the Periodon macrodentatus Zone. Nealeodus is a new genus introduced here; Periodon hankensis n. sp. and Spinodus wardi n. sp. are new species described from the beds 13 and 15, respectively, in the Cow Head Group; Drepanodus aff. D. giganteus , Drepanodus aff. D. robustus , Erraticodon n. sp. A, Protopanderodus cf. P. cooperi , P. cf. P. varicostatus , and Yangtzeplacognathus n. sp. A are taxa referred to in open nomenclature.

Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the Furongian Berry Head Formation (Port au Port Group) and Tremadocian Watts Bight Formation (St. George Group), western Newfoundland, and the correlative significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Scorrer ◽  
Karem Azmy ◽  
Svend Stouge
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy ◽  
Margin Setting ◽  
Pee Dee ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Isotope Stratigraphy ◽  
Positive Peak ◽  
Insignificant Correlation

Carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the Furongian (stage 10; Upper Cambrian) and Tremadocian (lowermost Ordovician) reveals distinct variations from the carbonates of the Berry Head and Watts Bight formations of the East Isthmus Bay section that accumulated in a shallow-marine setting on the eastern Laurentian platform in a passive margin setting in western Newfoundland, Canada. The East Isthmus Bay δ13C values show insignificant correlation with their Sr (R2 = 0.04), Mn (R2 = 0.001) and Fe (R2 = 0.02) counterparts, implying preservation of at least near-primary C-isotope compositions. The investigated section is largely fossil poor, but the δ13C profile shows a pattern with distinct variations that can be matched with those of the western Laurentian Lawson Cove Auxiliary Boundary Stratigraphic Section and Point (ASSP) section, Utah, USA. Therefore, it was possible to reconstruct a conodont biozonal scheme by matching the δ13C profile with its counterpart from the Lawson Cove ASSP section. At the base of the East Isthmus Bay section, the δ13C profile exhibits a broad excursion (the top of the Herllnmaria – Red Tops Boundary), which can be matched with the base of the Eoconodontus Zone (mid-Furongian), followed by an enrichment trend through the Cordylodus intermedius Zone (top Furongian). A positive excursion (Hirsutodontus simplex spike) is recorded in the Cordylodus intermedius Zone (top Cambrian), and a prominent positive peak characteristic for the Cordylodus lindstromi Zone is recorded from the top of the investigated section. The δ13C values of the Newfoundland carbonates are generally ∼1‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite lower than those of Lawson Cove, which is likely attributable to a relatively higher productivity and (or) organic burial in the Utah region.

Geochemical evidence of tropical cyclone controls on shallow-marine sedimentation (Pliocene, Taiwan) 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Dashtgard ◽  
Ludvig Löwemark ◽  
Pei-Ling Wang ◽  
Romy Setiaji ◽  
Yu-Yen Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Marine Strata ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Waves And Tides

<p> Shallow-marine sediment typically contains a mix of marine and terrestrial organic mate­rial (OM). Most terrestrial OM enters the ocean through rivers, and marine OM is incorpo­rated into the sediment through both suspension settling of marine plankton and sediment reworking by tides and waves under fairweather conditions. River-derived terrestrial OM is delivered year-round, although sediment and OM delivery from rivers is typically highest during extreme weather events that impact river catchments. In Taiwan, tropical cyclones (TCs) are the dominant extreme weather event, and 75% of all sediment delivered to the surrounding ocean occurs during TCs.</p><p>Lower Pliocene shallow-marine sedimentary strata in the Western Foreland Basin of Taiwan comprises mainly completely bioturbated intervals that transi­tion upward into strata dominated by tidally generated sedimentary structures, indicating extensive sediment reworking under fairweather conditions. Physical evidence of storm deposition is limited. However, lower Pliocene strata contain OM that is effectively 100% terrestrial OM in sediment that accumulated in estimated water depths <35 m. The overwhelming contribution of terrestrially sourced OM is attributed to the dominance of TCs on sedimentation, whereby ∼600,000 TCs are estimated to have impacted Taiwan during accumulation of a ~200 m long succession. In contrast, the virtual absence of marine OM indicates that organic contributions from suspension settling of marine OM is negligible regardless of the preserved evidence of extensive reworking via fairweather processes (i.e., waves and tides). These data suggest that (1) even in the absence of physical expressions of storm deposition, TCs still completely dominate sedimentation in shallow-marine environments, and (2) the organic geochemical signal of preserved shallow-marine strata is not reflective of day-to-day depositional conditions in the environment.</p>

Geochemical evidence of tropical cyclone controls on shallow-marine sedimentation (Pliocene, Taiwan)

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin E. Dashtgard ◽  
Ludvig Löwemark ◽  
Pei-Ling Wang ◽  
Romy A. Setiaji ◽  
Romain Vaucher
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Marine Strata ◽  
Marine Sedimentation

Shallow-marine sediment typically contains a mix of marine and terrestrial organic material (OM). Most terrestrial OM enters the ocean through rivers, and marine OM is incorporated into the sediment through both suspension settling of marine plankton and sediment reworking by tides and waves under fair-weather conditions. River-derived terrestrial OM is delivered year-round, although sediment and OM delivery from rivers is typically highest during extreme weather events that impact river catchments. In Taiwan, tropical cyclones (TCs) are the dominant extreme weather event, and 75% of all sediment delivered to the surrounding ocean occurs during TCs. Distinguishing between sediment deposited during TCs and that redistributed by tides and waves during fair-weather conditions can be approximated using δ13Corg values and C:N ratios of OM. Lower Pliocene shallow-marine sedimentary strata in the Western Foreland Basin of Taiwan rarely exhibit physical evidence of storm-dominated deposition. Instead they comprise completely bioturbated intervals that transition upward into strata dominated by tidally generated sedimentary structures, indicating extensive sediment reworking under fair-weather conditions. However, these strata contain OM that is effectively 100% terrestrial OM in sediment that accumulated in estimated water depths <35 m. The overwhelming contribution of terrestrially sourced OM is attributed to the dominance of TCs on sedimentation, whereby ~600,000 TCs are estimated to have impacted Taiwan during accumulation of the succession. In contrast, the virtual absence of marine OM indicates that organic contributions from suspension settling of marine OM is negligible regardless of the preserved evidence of extensive reworking under fair-weather conditions. These data suggest that (1) even in the absence of physical expressions of storm deposition, TCs still completely dominate sedimentation in shallow-marine environments, and (2) the organic geochemical signal of preserved shallow-marine strata is not reflective of day-to-day depositional conditions in the environment.

Anabar-Lena Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Northern East Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. M57-2021-29
Author(s):  
A.K. Khudoley ◽  
S.V. Frolov ◽  
G.G. Akhmanov ◽  
E.A. Bakay ◽  
S.S. Drachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Early Carboniferous ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Intracratonic Basin

AbstractAnabar-Lena Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (AL CTSE) is located in the northern East Siberia extending for c. 700 km along the Laptev Sea coast between the Khatanga Bay and Lena River delta. AL CTSE consists of rocks from Mesoproterozoic to Late Cretaceous in age with total thickness reaching 14 km. It evolved through the following tectonic settings: (1) Meso-Early Neoproterozoic intracratonic basin, (2) Ediacaran - Early Devonian passive margin, (3) Middle Devonian - Early Carboniferous rift, (4) late Early Carboniferous - latest Jurassic passive margin, (5) Permian foreland basin, (6) Triassic to Jurassic continental platform basin and (7) latest Jurassic - earliest Late Cretaceous foreland basin. Proterozoic and lower-middle Paleozoic successions are composed mainly by carbonate rocks while siliciclastic rocks dominate upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic sections. Several petroleum systems are assumed in the AL CTSE. Permian source rocks and Triassic sandstone reservoirs are the most important play elements. Presence of several mature source rock units and abundant oil- and gas-shows (both in wells and in outcrops), including a giant Olenek Bitumen Field, suggest that further exploration in this area may result in economic discoveries.

A Cretaceous Neo-Tethyan carbonate margin in Argolis, southern Greece

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Clift ◽  
Alastair H. F. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Accretionary Complex ◽  
Early Tertiary ◽  
Thrust Sheets ◽  
Pelagonian Zone ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Southern Greece

AbstractThe Argolis Peninsula, southern Greece, is believed to form part of a Pelagonian microcontinent located between two oceanic basins, the Pindos to the west and theVardar to the east, in Triassic to Tertiary time. In eastern Argolis, two important units are exposed: (i) the Ermioni Limestones cropping out in the southwest; (ii) the Poros Formation, observed on an offshore island in the northeast, and on the adjacent mainland. Both these units comprise late Cretaceous (Aptian-Maastrichtian) pelagic limestones, calciturbidites, lenticular matrix- and clast-supported limestone conglomerates and slump sheets. However, the Poros Formation is distinguished from the Ermioni Limestones by the presence of bituminous micritic limestones and an increasing proportion of shale up sequence. These successions are deep-water slope carbonates that once formed the southeast-facing passive margin of the Pelagonian platform (Akros Limestone). Beyond this lay a late Cretaceous ocean basin in the Vardar Zone. This ocean was consumed in an easterly-dipping subduction zone in latest Cretaceous (?) to early Tertiary time, giving rise to an accretionary complex (Ermioni Complex). During early Tertiary (Palaeocene-Eocene) time the passive continental margin (Pelagonian Zone) collided with the trench and accretionary complex to the east. As the suture tightened, former lower-slope carbonates (Ermioni Limestones) were accreted to the base of the over-riding thrust sheets and emplaced onto the platform. Farther west, bituminous upper slope carbonates (Poros Formation) flexurally subsided and passed transitionally upwards into calcareous flysch and olistostromes in a foreland basin. These sediments were then overridden by the emplacing thrust stack and themselves underplated. Late-stage high-angle faulting then disrupted the tectonostratigraphy, in places juxtaposing relatively high and low structural levels of the complex.

Seismic stratigraphy and tectono-sedimentary framework of the Pliocene to recent Taixinan foreland basin in the northeastern continental margin, South China Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. SP21-SP32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoru Yin ◽  
Guangfa Zhong ◽  
Yiqun Guo ◽  
Liaoliang Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
South China ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Taixinan Basin

The Pliocene to recent Taixinan basin is a unique foreland basin built on the northeastern part of the northern passive margin of the South China Sea (SCS). We have used multichannel seismic profiles tied to well controls from ODP Leg 184 to investigate the tectonic and sedimentary characteristics of the foreland basin. We defined three seismic sequences, dated respectively to the Pliocene (5.33–2.5 Ma), early Quaternary (2.5–1.0 Ma), and late Quaternary (1.0 Ma–present). They represent three stages of evolution of the foreland basin. We have recognized seven types of seismic facies, which are parallel-to-subparallel, progradational, fill-type, divergent mounded, wavy, lenticular, and chaotic facies, and are interpreted as hemipelagic deposits, deltas, submarine canyon fills, levees, sediment waves, submarine fans, and mass transport deposits, respectively. Seismic facies analysis indicates that sedimentation within the foreland basin has been dominated by turbidity currents and the other gravity transport processes. Tectonically, the foreland basin consists of three structural zones: an eastern wedge-top, a central foredeep, and a western forebulge zones. Different from a typical foreland basin, however, the basin extends in the northeast–southwest direction, which is oblique to the north–south-striking Taiwan orogenic zone, but parallel to the northern SCS passive margin, where the basin is hosted, suggesting that the foreland basin is significantly influenced by the development of the passive margin. In addition, the basin displays a distinctive inverted-triangle-shaped downstream-converging sediment dispersal system instead of ideal transverse or longitudinal drainage systems common in a typical foreland basin. We have suggested that the Pliocene to recent Taixinan basin is an atypical foreland basin, which was formed as a flexural response of tectonic loading by the Taiwan orogenic wedge, but strongly affected by its passive continental margin background.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document