Intersecting intracontinental Tertiary transform fault systems in the North American Cordillera

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1262-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambertus C. Struik

In central British Columbia, north-trending dextral strike-slip faults that cut Late Eocene granite also truncate northwest-trending dextral strike-slip faults. The northwest-trending strike-slip faults bound the Wolverine Metamorphic Complex (Wolverine Complex), which has been uplifted primarily by northwest–southeast Eocene crustal extension and somewhat by Late Eocene northerly extension. The crustal extension is indicated by shallow-dipping extensions faults, dyke complexes, and stretching lineations. The Wolverine Complex and its bounding faults define a crustal pull-apart in an en echelon dextral transform. The northwest- and north-trending dextral strike-slip faults in central British Columbia are the continuations of faults that transect the interior of the North American Cordillera, and they represent at least two distinct plate boundaries intermittently active during the Early to Middle Eocene, and the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene. Each of these systems consists of en echelon strike-slip faults linked by extensional pull-aparts, locally represented by metamorphic core complexes. These two plate-boundary systems represent two distinct plate-motion configurations between the North American and Kula–Pacific plates. The older plate boundary is truncated and disrupted by the younger one. These two systems may in turn be disrupted by a younger and different plate-motion configuration represented by the transverse Basin and Range extension complex and its northern and southern transform boundary faults.

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Lease ◽  
Peter J. Haeussler ◽  
Robert C. Witter ◽  
Daniel F. Stockli ◽  
Adrian M. Bender ◽  
...  

Abstract The Fairweather fault (southeastern Alaska, USA) is Earth’s fastest-slipping intracontinental strike-slip fault, but its long-term role in localizing Yakutat–(Pacific–)North America plate motion is poorly constrained. This plate boundary fault transitions northward from pure strike slip to transpression where it comes onshore and undergoes a <25°, 30-km-long restraining double bend. To the east, apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) ages indicate that North America exhumation rates increase stepwise from ∼0.7 to 1.7 km/m.y. across the bend. In contrast, to the west, AHe age-depth data indicate that extremely rapid 5–10 km/m.y. Yakutat exhumation rates are localized within the bend. Further northwest, Yakutat AHe and zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) ages gradually increase from 0.3 to 2.6 Ma over 150 km and depict an interval of extremely rapid >6–8 km/m.y. exhumation rates that increases in age away from the bend. We interpret this migration of rapid, transient exhumation to reflect prolonged advection of the Cenozoic–Cretaceous sedimentary cover of the eastern Yakutat microplate through a stationary restraining bend along the edge of the North America plate. Yakutat cooling ages imply a long-term strike-slip rate (54 ± 6 km/m.y.) that mimics the millennial (53 ± 5 m/k.y.) and decadal (46 mm/yr) rates. Fairweather fault slip can account for all Pacific–North America relative plate motion throughout Quaternary time and indicates stability of highly localized plate boundary strike slip on a single fault where extreme rock uplift rates are persistently localized within a restraining bend.


2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Hayward ◽  
Andrew J. Calvert

The structure and stratigraphy of the southeast Nechako Basin, which are poorly understood primarily because of substantial volcanic cover, are investigated in an analysis of seismic reflection, well, and potential field data. Formation and development of the SE Nechako Basin resulted in sub-basins containing Cretaceous and Eocene rocks. Interpretation reveals that dextral transtension in the Early to Middle Eocene created NNW-trending, en echelon, strike-slip faults linked by pull-apart basins, which locally contain a thickness of Eocene volcaniclastic rocks of >3 km. This structural pattern is consistent with regional observations that suggest the transfer of slip from the Yalakom fault to the north via a series of en echelon strike-slip faults. In the Middle to Late Eocene, faults associated with a change in the direction of stress, echoed by the north-trending right-lateral Fraser fault, reactivated and cut earlier structures. A simple model agrees with local observations, that northeast-directed compression was subparallel to the relic Cretaceous grain. Cretaceous rocks are discontinuous throughout the basin and may be remnants of a broader basin, or a number of contemporaneous basins, formed in a regional transpressional tectonic setting that caused northeast-directed thrusting along the eastern side of the Coast Plutonic Complex. Results suggest that thrusting affected most of the SE Nechako Basin, as observed across the Intermontane Belt to the northwest and southeast. The pattern of deposition of Neogene volcanic rocks of the Chilcotin Group was in part controlled by the Eocene structural grain, but we find no evidence of Neogene deformation.


1988 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 337-338
Author(s):  
Robert J. Coates

The Crustal Dynamics Project has been developing, deploying, and operating very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) systems and satellite laser ranging (SLR) systems for highly accurate geodetic measurements of global plate motion, plate stability, regional crustal deformation, and earth rotation/polar motion. Over the past 10 years, the measurement accuracies of these systems have been improved by a factor of 10 to the cm level. Plans are to continue these developments to reach mm level accuracies. The present deployment of the VLBI systems is primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. This network has produced measurements of the relative plate motion between the North American, Eurasian, and Pacific plates; the stability of the same plates; and the regional deformation at the North American/Pacific plate boundary in California and Alaska.


2004 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Whitney ◽  
Scott R. Paterson ◽  
Keegan L. Schmidt ◽  
Allen F. Glazner ◽  
Christopher F. Kopf

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Ghent ◽  
Philippe Erdmer ◽  
Douglas A. Archibald ◽  
Mavis Z. Stout

A blueschist and eclogite terrane is associated with one of the largest faults in the Canadian Cordilleran Orogen, the Pinchi fault. Blueschists (in situ) and retrogressed eclogite blocks occur along the Pinchi fault zone near 54°30'N and 124°W. Critical blueschist facies mineral assemblages include lawsonite–glaucophane, jadeite–lawsonite–glaucophane–quartz, and aragonite. White mica 40Ar/39Ar spectra on blueschist and eclogite yield ages in the range 221.8 ± 1.9 to 223.5 ± 1.7 Ma, establishing a direct link between the blueschists and eclogites. Preservation of aragonite sets rigid constraints on the pressure–temperature–fluid–time conditions of unroofing. K–Ar dates indicate that this is some of the oldest documented metamorphic aragonite. Comparison with computed petrogenetic grids suggests that metamorphic temperatures were in the range 200–300 °C, with pressures greater than 8–10 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa). Unroofing likely occurred during collision of the Cache Creek terrane with Quesnellia in the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic. The fault was initiated as a plate boundary and was active as late as Eocene time as a strike-slip zone. The Pinchi blueschist terrane is similar to others in the North American Cordillera and highlights a tectonic regime of repeated blueschist metamorphism and rapid unroofing along many parts of the western margin of North America in the early Mesozoic.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Matthews ◽  
◽  
Marie-Pier Boivin ◽  
Kirsten Sauer ◽  
Daniel S. Coutts

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document