The differing crustacean zooplankton communities of Canadian Shield lakes with and without the nonindigenous zooplanktivore Bythotrephes longimanus

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Boudreau ◽  
Norman D Yan
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Harp Lake

The nonindigenous predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus is spreading rapidly among Canadian Shield lakes, but only one case study of its impacts exists. In Harp Lake, the abundances of several cladoceran and one cyclopoid species fell after the invasion, and far fewer species benefited. To determine if Harp Lake provides typical results, we compared the summer crustacean zooplankton communities of 17 invaded and 13 noninvaded (reference) lakes in Ontario. The communities of the two lake groups differed. Average species richness was 30% higher in the reference (15.3 species) vs. the invaded lakes (11.8 species). Total zooplankton biomass was significantly lower in the invaded lakes, mainly because of lower abundances of all common epilimnetic cladoceran species. As these results were quite similar to those of Harp Lake, it is apparent that current summer zooplankton communities of Canadian Shield lakes with Bythotrephes differ substantially from noninvaded lakes.

Changes in the crustacean communities of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie following the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Barbiero ◽  
Marc L Tuchman
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Predatory Cladoceran ◽  
Leptodora Kindti ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

The crustacean zooplankton communities in Lakes Michigan and Huron and the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie have shown substantial, persistent changes since the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes in the mid-1980s. A number of cladoceran species have declined dramatically since the invasion, including Eubosmina coregoni, Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia retrocurva, Daphnia pulicaria, and Leptodora kindti, and overall species richness has decreased as a result. Copepods have been relatively unaffected, with the notable exception of Meso cyclops edax, which has virtually disappeared from the lakes. These species shifts have for the most part been consistent and equally pronounced across all three lakes. Responses of crustacean species to the Bythotrephes invasion do not appear to be solely a consequence of size, and it is likely that other factors, e.g., morphology, vertical distribution, or escape responses, are important determinants of vulnerability to predation. Our results indicate that invertebrate predators in general, and invasive ones in particular, can have pronounced, lasting effects on zooplankton community structure.

scholarly journals A review of the effects of Bythotrephes longimanus and calcium decline on zooplankton communities — can interactive effects be predicted?

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira S.E. Azan ◽  
Shelley E. Arnott ◽  
Norman D. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Review Current

Anthropogenic stressors including acid deposition, invasive species, and calcium (Ca) decline have produced widespread damage to Canadian Shield lakes, especially to their zooplankton communities. Here, we review current knowledge on the individual effects on zooplankton by the non-indigenous predator Bythotrephes longimanus and Ca decline; we identify knowledge gaps in this literature and examine the likely interactive impacts of Bythotrephes invasions and Ca decline on zooplankton. The negative impacts of Bythotrephes longimanus on zooplankton communities are well known, whereas current understanding of the effects of declining Ca on zooplankton is restricted to Daphnia spp.; hence, there is a large knowledge gap on how declining Ca may affect zooplankton communities in general. The co-occurring impacts of Bythotrephes and declining Ca have rarely been studied at the species level, and we expect daphniids, particularly Daphnia retrocurva and Daphnia pulicaria, to be the most sensitive to both stressors. We also expect a synergistic negative interaction on cladocerans in lakes with both stressors, leaving a community dominated by Holopedium glacialis and (or) copepods. Our predictions form testable hypotheses but since species and ecosystem response to multiple stressors are difficult to predict, we may actually see ecological surprises in Canadian Shield lakes as Bythotrephes continues to spread and Ca levels continue to fall.

Long-term trends in zooplankton of Dorset, Ontario, lakes: the probable interactive effects of changes in pH, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and predators

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D Yan ◽  
Keith M Somers ◽  
Robert E Girard ◽  
Andrew M Paterson ◽  
W. (Bill) Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Multiple Stressor ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Shield Lakes

Time trends in abundance, body size, species richness, and species composition indicate that crustacean zooplankton communities of southern Canadian Shield lakes changed between 1980 and 2003. Total abundance did not decline despite reductions in total phosphorus, but all other metrics changed. Species richness declined in Harp Lake (Ontario, Canada) following its Bythotrephes invasion, but richness increased in three other lakes. Average cladoceran body length increased from 0.6 to 1.0 mm in seven of the lakes, as larger-bodied taxa replaced smaller ones. Correlations with water quality and fish metrics suggest that cladoceran size increases were attributable to many factors: a decline in food availability following declining phosphorus levels increasing the competitive advantage of larger herbivores, a decline in acidity favouring the larger, acid-sensitive daphniids, and reduced risk of planktivory linked to a rise in dissolved organic carbon levels and changes in predation regimes. Zooplankton communities on the Canadian Shield are changing, and these changes are best viewed in a multiple-stressor context. Key anthropogenic stressors have also changed and may do so again if Ca concentrations continue to decline.

Cadmium concentrations of crustacean zooplankton of acidified and nonacidified Canadian Shield lakes

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Yan ◽  
Gerald L. Mackie ◽  
Peter J. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Shield Lakes

Calibration of the zooplankton community size spectrum as an indicator of change in Canadian Shield lakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2268-2287
Author(s):  
Lauren Emily Barth ◽  
Brian John Shuter ◽  
William Gary Sprules ◽  
Charles Kenneth Minns ◽  
James Anthony Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Stable Characteristic ◽  
Shield Lakes

Developing the crustacean zooplankton community size spectrum into an indicator of change in lakes requires quantification of the natural variability in the size spectrum related to broad-scale seasonal, annual, and spatial factors. Characterizing seasonal patterns of variation in the size spectrum is necessary so that monitoring programs can be designed to minimize the masking effects that seasonal processes can have on detecting longer-term temporal change. We used a random effects model to measure monthly, annual, and interlake variability in the slope (i.e., relative abundance of small and large organisms) and centered height (i.e., total abundance) of the crustacean zooplankton normalized abundance size spectrum from 1981 to 2011 among eight Canadian Shield lakes. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the slope was a relatively stable characteristic of the zooplankton community compared with the height, which varied significantly among lakes. We identified a seasonal signal in height and slope and used a mixed effects model to characterize the linear rate of change from May to October; there was an overall decline in height and an overall increase in slope. Seasonal variance was greater than annual variance for both the height and the slope, suggesting that long-term monitoring of lakes and interlake comparisons using zooplankton size spectra should be based on temporally standardized sampling protocols that minimize the effects of seasonal processes. We recommend sampling the zooplankton community in midsummer because this results in size spectrum estimates close to seasonal mean values.

Zooplankton and Trophic State Relationships in Florida Lakes

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bays ◽  
T. L. Crisman
Keyword(s):  
Trophic State ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Florida Lakes ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass

Zooplankton, including ciliated protozoans, were collected from 39 Florida lakes of widely ranging trophic state. Annual mean biomass values for different zooplankton groups were regressed against Carlson's Trophic State Index based on annual mean chlorophyll a concentration. Whereas total zooplankton biomass yielded a significant regression with increasing trophic state, microzooplankton (ciliates, rotifers, and nauplii) accounted for more of the relationship than macrozooplankton (cladocera, calanoids, and cyclopoids). Within the microzooplankton, the regression improved with decreasing body size. Macrozooplankton biomass exhibited a weak statistical relationship with lake trophic state, but the different component groups were variable in their response. The dominance within the zooplankton community shifts from macrozooplankton to microzooplankton with increasing trophic state, and the microzooplankton can constitute between 50 and 90% of the total zooplankton biomass in eutrophic lakes. Changes in zooplanktivore community structure with increasing trophic state show that whereas total fish biomass increases, dominance shifts from visually oriented predators, such as bass and bluegill, to pump filter-feeding planktivores, such as gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). While Florida zooplankton communities are similar in size structure to tropical communities, no statistically significant differences were found between empirical equations of crustacean zooplankton biomass and trophic state determined from temperate and Florida data bases.

Empirical Prediction of Crustacean Zooplankton Biomass in Nutrient-Poor Canadian Shield Lakes

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
South Central ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shield Lakes

A comparison of the predictive power of nine existing empirical zooplankton biomass models indicated that lake water phosphorus concentration may be a better predictor of zooplankton biomass in Canadian Shield lakes than phytoplankton biomass, chlorophyll a, midsummer epilimnetic temperature, mean surface water temperature, mean depth, and Carlson's trophic state index. To develop models specifically applicable to nutrient-poor Canadian Shield lakes, a variety of morphometric, chemical, and planktonic parameters were assessed for three consecutive years from 16 Canadian Shield lakes in south-central Ontario. Total nitrogen was the best univariate predictor of zooplankton biomass for data averaged over single ice-free seasons, but total phosphorus was the best predictor when data were averaged over the entire study period. Consideration of pH and maximum depth improved certain models. Total phosphorus is clearly a good predictor of (long-term) average zooplankton biomass in nutrient-poor lakes as it is in lakes exhibiting a wide range in trophic state.

Evaluation of the responsiveness of the crustacean zooplankton community size spectrum to environmental change and an exotic invader in a sample of Canadian Shield lakes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Emily Barth ◽  
Brian J. Shuter ◽  
W. Gary Sprules ◽  
Charles K. Minns ◽  
James A Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Zooplankton Size ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Change In Mean

We evaluated the crustacean zooplankton size spectrum as an indicator of lake characteristics and ecosystem change. First, we used time-series from seven Canadian Shield lakes to identify the factors associated with among-lake and among-year variability in the spectrum slope (relative abundance of small and large zooplankton) and centered height (total abundance). Second, we used time-series from an invaded and three control lakes to assess change in mean and variability in slope and height due to a Bythotrephes invasion. We found that the slope and the height reflected among-lake predictors related to morphometry. The slope was responsive to long-term declining lake phosphorus levels, whereas the height reflected both increases in dissolved organic carbon and decreases in ice duration. We detected a significant increase (i.e. flattening) in mean slope and substantial (up to 120%) increases in the CV of height after Bythotrephes invaded Harp Lake. Thus, the zooplankton size spectrum was responsive to long-term environmental change and a strong top-down perturbation can be detected through regular and frequent monitoring programs.

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