Population genetic structure and postglacial colonization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic Sea area based on microsatellite DNA variation

The genetic structure and phylogeography of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) across the Baltic Sea basin and neighbouring areas (eastern Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Barents Sea, White Sea, and two Russian lakes, Onega and Ladoga) were studied to resolve the partly contradictory hypotheses of the species' postglacial colonization history. Thirty-eight populations (total of 2180 individuals) were studied for nine DNA microsatellite loci. Within the Baltic Sea, the anadromous populations formed three clear groups, corresponding to the northern (Gulf of Bothnia), eastern (Gulf of Finland and eastern Baltic Main Basin), and southern regions (western Baltic Main Basin). The genetic differences among these three groups were clearly greater (GGB 5.6%; GGB being the proportion of diversity components between regions within basins) than were those among population groups in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (GGB 2.2%) from Ireland to the White Sea. The isolation-by-distance model explained part of the differentiation within, but not between, the regions. The results strongly indicate colonization of the Baltic Sea by at least three glacial lineages. Potential refugium areas for each lineage are proposed.

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Matrilinear phylogeography of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Europe and postglacial colonization of the Baltic Sea area

Molecular Ecology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01168.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 89-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 109

Author(s):

J. Nilsson ◽

R. Gross ◽

T. Asplund ◽

O. Dove ◽

H. Jansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Postglacial Colonization ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

The Baltic ◽

Sea Area

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POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL LOAD, ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR, AND CYTOCHROME P4501A1 INDUCTION IN A WILD POPULATION OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR) FROM THE BALTIC SEA

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1897/05-416r.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 2197 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Maria C. Hansson ◽

Maria E. Persson ◽

Per Larsson ◽

Christian Kjellman ◽

Torbjörn von Schantz

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Wild Population ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Cytochrome P4501a1 ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽

The Baltic

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Fatty acid signatures connect thiamine deficiency with the diet of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feeding in the Baltic Sea

Marine Biology ◽

10.1007/s00227-018-3418-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 165 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marja Keinänen ◽

Reijo Käkelä ◽

Tiina Ritvanen ◽

Jukka Pönni ◽

Hannu Harjunpää ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Thiamine Deficiency ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

The Baltic

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A multi‐biomarker study on Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) affected by the emerging Red Skin Disease in the Baltic Sea

Journal of Fish Diseases ◽

10.1111/jfd.13288 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fabian G. Weichert ◽

Charlotte Axén ◽

Lars Förlin ◽

Pedro A. Inostroza ◽

Ulrike Kammann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Skin Disease ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

The Baltic

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Relationships between fish stock changes in the Baltic Sea and the M74 syndrome, a reproductive disorder of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsr156 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2134-2144 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jaakko Mikkonen ◽

Marja Keinänen ◽

Michele Casini ◽

Jukka Pönni ◽

Pekka J. Vuorinen

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Gadus Morhua ◽

Clupea Harengus ◽

Fish Stock ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Reproductive Disorder ◽

The Baltic

Abstract Mikkonen, J., Keinänen, M., Casini, M., Pönni, J., and Vuorinen, P. J. 2011. Relationships between fish stock changes in the Baltic Sea and the M74 syndrome, a reproductive disorder of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2134–2144. The M74 syndrome of Baltic salmon (Salmo salar), which appears as increased yolk-sac fry mortality (YSFM), impairs the reproduction of salmon stocks. Changes in the prey stocks of Baltic salmon in its two feeding areas, the southern Baltic Proper (BPr), where sprat (Sprattus sprattus) was the main prey species during the high incidence of M74, and the Bothnian Sea, where herring (Clupea harengus) is the dominant species, were analysed in relation to salmon growth and size and in relation to the incidence of M74. The high condition factor (CF > 1.05) of prespawning salmon predicted high YSFM. From the various stock factors of sprat and herring in the southern BPr, the biomass of sprat had the strongest positive relationships with the CF of prespawning salmon, and the total prey biomass with YSFM. It is concluded that the ample but unbalanced food resources for salmon in the BPr, primarily sprat, induce M74. By reducing the fishing pressure on cod (Gadus morhua) and by more effectively managing the sprat fishery in years when the cod stock is weak, the incidence of the M74 syndrome could be reduced and even prevented.

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Annual changes in the proportions of wild and hatchery Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caught in the Baltic Sea

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (7) ◽

pp. 1274-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Marja-Liisa Koljonen

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Wild Fish ◽

Gulf Of Finland ◽

Substantial Contribution ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

The Baltic ◽

The Gulf Of Finland

Abstract DNA-level information from an eight-loci microsatellite baseline database of 32 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks was used with a Bayesian estimation method to assess the stock and stock group proportions of Finnish salmon catches in the Baltic Sea area. The proportions of seven stock groups, important to fisheries management, were assessed in catch samples taken between 2000 and 2005. In the Gulf of Bothnia area, the proportion of wild fish in catches showed an increasing trend in all areas until 2003, mainly because of the decrease in total catches caused by the relatively greater mortality of hatchery-reared fish compared with wild fish. In 2004, the total number of wild fish caught had also increased, indicating an increase in the abundance of wild stocks. In catches from the Åland Sea, the proportion of wild fish increased from 44% in 2000 to 70% in 2004, while the catch during the same period increased from 4628 to 7329 fish. In the Gulf of Finland, the local Neva salmon stock, which is released by Estonia, Finland, and Russia, made the largest contribution. In the western part of the Gulf of Finland, fish originating in the Baltic Main Basin also made a substantial contribution to catches. The threatened eastern Estonian and Russian wild stocks were recorded only in the western part of the Gulf of Finland, where the proportion of wild fish increased from 9% in 2003 to 19% in 2004.

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Phylogeographic lineages and differentiation pattern of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Baltic Sea with management implications

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f99-104 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 1766-1780 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Marja-Liisa Koljonen ◽

Håkan Jansson ◽

Tiit Paaver ◽

Oleg Vasin ◽

Jarmo Koskiniemi

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Genetic Management ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Baltic

The genetic structure and isolation pattern of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) throughout its range in the Baltic Sea were examined as a starting point for a conservation strategy for the species in this area. The allozyme variation in seven polymorphic loci was studied in 5125 salmon from 24 rivers in four countries. A clear dichotomy was observed between stock groups from southeastern (Russia, Estonia, Latvia, southern Sweden) and northwestern (northern Finland, northern Sweden) drainage regions, corresponding to the postglacial colonisation of the Baltic Sea by two phylogeographic lineages, one from the east (the Ice Lake lineage) and one from the west (the Atlantic lineage). The geographical and genetic distances between stocks fit the one-dimensional "isolation-by-distance" model (p < 0.001). The estimated gene flow ranged from 0 to10 migrants per generation. The total diversity of hatchery stocks was 72% of that of the wild stocks. Genetically similar stock groups, phylogeographic lineages, and drainage regions are recommended for use as genetic management units in addition to stock level.

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