Dietary Marine Fish Oils and Cholesterol Metabolism 3. The Comparative Hypocholesterolemic Activities of Fish Oil and Vitamin A

Lingcod liver oil unsaponifiable material was separated into three main fractions by means of an aluminum oxide column. Major components of the three fractions were vitamin A, cholesterol, and glyceryl ethers, respectively. These fractions were given as dietary supplements to cholesterol-fed chicks and the effect of the supplements on the hypercholesterolemia induced by the cholesterol feeding was investigated. The fraction containing vitamin A prevented the hypercholesterolemia. Crystalline vitamin A acetate produced a similar effect when it was added as a dietary supplement. It was concluded that vitamin A was probably the hypocholesterolemic agent in lingcod liver oil although other compounds in the oil may also exert some influence on the control of the serum cholesterol concentrations in the chicks.

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DIETARY MARINE FISH OILS AND CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM: 2. THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN A AND LINGCOD LIVER OIL COMPONENTS ON THE SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN CHICKS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y60-109 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 879-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. D. Wood

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Cholesterol Feeding ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Oil Components ◽

Aluminum Oxide Column

Lingcod liver oil unsaponifiable material was separated into three main fractions by means of an aluminum oxide column. Major components of the three fractions were vitamin A, cholesterol, and glyceryl ethers, respectively. These fractions were given as dietary supplements to cholesterol-fed chicks and the effect of the supplements on the hypercholesterolemia induced by the cholesterol feeding was investigated. The fraction containing vitamin A prevented the hypercholesterolemia. Crystalline vitamin A acetate produced a similar effect when it was added as a dietary supplement. It was concluded that vitamin A was probably the hypocholesterolemic agent in lingcod liver oil although other compounds in the oil may also exert some influence on the control of the serum cholesterol concentrations in the chicks.

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THE EFFECT OF DIETARY MARINE FISH OILS ON THE SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC CHICKENS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o60-003 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. D. Wood ◽

Jacob Biely

Keyword(s):

Marine Fish ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Shark Liver Oil ◽

Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Clear Explanation ◽

Basking Shark

An investigation was carried out into the effect of marine fish oils on the serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic chickens. The oils were fed at the 10% level in the diet. Lingcod liver oil and halibut liver oil prevented the hypercholesterolemic effect of supplementary cholesterol, whereas crude herring oil increased the hypercholesterolemia to the same extent as did corn oil and tallow. Ratfish liver oil, dogfish liver oil, and basking shark liver oil had less noticeable effects on the cholesterol levels. No clear explanation could be given for the observed behavior but there seemed to be a difference in the effects on serum cholesterol of liver oils from teleostei fish and from selachii fish, the former class of liver oils being much more potent in preventing the increase in serum cholesterol concentration in chickens caused by the addition of cholesterol to the diet.

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THE EFFECT OF DIETARY MARINE FISH OILS ON THE SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC CHICKENS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y60-003 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. D. Wood ◽

Jacob Biely

Keyword(s):

Marine Fish ◽

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Shark Liver Oil ◽

Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Clear Explanation ◽

Basking Shark

An investigation was carried out into the effect of marine fish oils on the serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic chickens. The oils were fed at the 10% level in the diet. Lingcod liver oil and halibut liver oil prevented the hypercholesterolemic effect of supplementary cholesterol, whereas crude herring oil increased the hypercholesterolemia to the same extent as did corn oil and tallow. Ratfish liver oil, dogfish liver oil, and basking shark liver oil had less noticeable effects on the cholesterol levels. No clear explanation could be given for the observed behavior but there seemed to be a difference in the effects on serum cholesterol of liver oils from teleostei fish and from selachii fish, the former class of liver oils being much more potent in preventing the increase in serum cholesterol concentration in chickens caused by the addition of cholesterol to the diet.

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The Origin of the Vitamin A in Fish Oils and Fish Liver Oils

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj0160518 ◽

1922 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 518-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jack Cecil Drummond ◽

Sylvester Solomon Zilva

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Fish Liver

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Effect of Different Fatty Acid Sources of Diet on Growth Performance of Botia Botia macracanthus Bleeker

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.7.199-204 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

. Sunarto ◽

. Sabariah

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

Fish requires essential fatty acid for growth. Freshwater fish needs linoleat fatty acid (n-6) or combination of linoleat and a-linolenat acids (n-3). Fish oil contains higher level of n-3, corn oil is rich of n-6, while coconut oil is rich of saturated fatty acids. This study was conducted to determine the effect of fatty acid sources in diet on growth performance of botia Botia macracanthus. Sources of fatty acid examined were coconut oil (control), corn oil, fish oil, and corn oil + fish oil + coconut oil. The results of study show that daily growth rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils (8.39%) and only corn oil (8.15%) was higher (p<0.05) compared to that of fish fed on diet containing fish oil (7.67%) and coconut oil (6.62%). Feed conversion rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils (2.12%) and only corn oil (2.34%) was lower (p<0.05) than that of fish fed on diet containing fish oil (2.97%) and coconut oil (3.74%). Growth rate and feed conversion rate of fish fed on diet containing mix of corn-coconut-fish oils and only corn oil was similar (p>0.05). Survival rate of fish at all treatments was similar, ranged from 90.00 to 93.33%. Thus, the results suggested that diet containing only corn oil is suitable for botia to obtain higher growth rate and lower feed conversion rate. Keywords: fatty acid, growth performance, botia, Botia macracanthus ABSTRAK Ikan membutuhkan asam lemak essensial (EFA = Essential Fatty Acid) untuk pertumbuhannya. Ikan air tawar memerlukan asam lemak linoleat (n-6) atau gabungan asam lemak linoleat (n-6) dan alfa-linolenat (n-3). Minyak ikan banyak mengandung asam lemak n-3, minyak jagung kaya akan asam lemak n-6, sementara minyak kelapa banyak mengandung asam lemak jenuh. Sumber asam lemak yang diuji adalah minyak kelapa (kontrol), minyak jagung, minyak ikan, dan minyak jagung + minyak ikan + minyak kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan harian ikan botia yang diberi pakan yang mengandung campuran minyak jagung-kelapa-ikan (8,39%) dan minyak jagung (8,15%) saja lebih tinggi (p<0,05) daripada yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak ikan (7,67%) dan minyak kelapa (6,62%). Nilai konversi pakan pada ikan yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak jagung-kelapa-ikan (2,12%) dan minyak jagung (2,34%) lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan yang diberi pakan mengandung minyak ikan (2,97%) dan minyak kelapa (3,74%). Pertumbuhan dan konversi pakan pada ikan yang diberi pakan mengandung campuran ketiga minyak dan hanya minyak jagung adalah tidak berbeda (p>0,05). Kelangsungan hidup ikan pada semua perlakuan relatif sama, yaitu berkisar antara 90,00-93,33%. Dengan demikian, pakan untuk ikan botia cukup mengandung minyak jagung saja untuk mendapatkan laju pertumbuhan yang tinggi dengan konversi pakan yang rendah. <h2>Kata kunci: asam lemak, kinerja pertumbuhan, ikan botia, Botia macracanthus</h2>

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Modification of the AOAC Qualitative Test for the Determination of Fish Oils and Marine Oils

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/57.4.1005 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 1005-1005

Author(s):

William G Schwien

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Marine Oils ◽

Bromine Solution ◽

Oil Mixtures ◽

Qualitative Test ◽

Wijs Solution

Abstract The current AOAC test for the detection of fish oil in vegetable oils, 28.098, can be readily modified through the use of diluted bromine solution and Wijs solution. This modification allows the precipitation of octabromides, which is indicative of the presence of fish oils, to be observed more clearly. Since the precipitate can be measured, the test can be semiquantitative when known fish oil mixtures are treated in a like manner. This modification has been adopted to replace 28.098.

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Effects of fish oil on gastric mucosal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis and ethanol-induced injury

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.1.g9 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (1) ◽

pp. G9-G13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Faust ◽

J. S. Redfern ◽

E. Lee ◽

M. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Mucosal Injury ◽

Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽

Gastric Mucosal Injury ◽

Absolute Ethanol ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Rat Gastric Mucosa

Fundic mucosal content and synthesis of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, the major prostanoid in the rat gastric mucosa, were determined after rats had ingested a diet containing 10% fish oil or 10% corn oil for 4 wk. 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha content and synthesis in rats fed a fish oil-supplemented diet were reduced significantly compared with rats receiving a corn oil-supplemented diet (P less than 0.05). However, rats receiving 10% fish oil for 8 wk sustained significantly less gastric mucosal injury after intragastric challenge with 15% and then with absolute ethanol than rats receiving 10% corn oil or regular chow for 8 wk (P less than 0.05). Thus fish oil ingestion protected the gastric mucosa even though fish oils reduced mucosal prostaglandin synthesis.

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