Female Homogamety in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Determined by Gynogenesis

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1372-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon G. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Gynogenetic Offspring ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

Gynogenesis occurred in eggs of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) treated with X-irradiated milt from goldfish (Carassius auratus). Gynogenetic offspring were females, which indicates functional female homogamety in grass carp. Five of these gynogenetic fish were used as an egg source for a second generation of artificially gynogenetic fish. The percentage yield in this second generation was about the same as in the first, which suggests that the tendency to become diploid is not strongly heritable.

Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Microflora of the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Goldfish (Carassius auratus), and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1174-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Trust ◽  
L. M. Bull ◽  
B. R. Currie ◽  
J. T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microflora

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bred in Arkansas and maintained in British Columbia under defined culture conditions on pelleted diets and on aquatic weeds, were examined to determine their commensal gastrointestinal bacterial flora. Using anaerobic incubation, the total bacterial numbers cultured ranged from 6 × 104 to 4 × 108 (average 4 × 106) per g of alimentary tract plus contents. Obligately anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified as species of Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus. This is the first description of the presence of these strictly anaerobic organisms in the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Indeed, many of the anaerobes isolated did not conform to previously described species. Members of the Genus Clostridium were also isolated by enrichment culture and appeared to be associated with a pond weed diet. A wide variety of facultative anaerobic bacteria were also isolated, with Aeromonas hydrophila predominating. The gastrointestinal tracts of goldfish (Carassius auratus) were also found to contain sizable numbers of obligate anaerobes, but the gastrointestinal tracts of hatchery-cultured rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) contained insignificant numbers. Key words: grass carp, anaerobic bacteria, gastrointestinal microflora, Aeromonas hydrophila, rainbow trout, goldfish

scholarly journals Effects of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera on growth, intestinal antioxidant, inflammation and microbiota of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 100673
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Fangle Tong ◽  
Shengnan Zhao ◽  
Jinhai Bai ◽  
Zehong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

Genome-wide identification, evolution of Krüppel-like factors (klfs) and their expressions during GCRV challenge in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

2021 ◽  
pp. 104062
Author(s):  
Liangming Chen ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Yangyu Li ◽  
Yongming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

Neutrophil functions can be regulated by IL-35, which is mainly expressed in IL-15Rα+ cells in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

2021 ◽  
pp. 104103
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yang Zhang ◽  
Zheng-Wei Cui ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Zhou ◽  
Dan-Dan Chen ◽  
Yong-An Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

scholarly journals Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Changyong Mu ◽  
Qiwang Zhong ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Grass Carp Reovirus ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease with high mortality and leads to serious economic losses in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry in China. Oral vaccine has been proven to be an effective method to provide protection against fish viruses. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-VP35-VP4 was generated to express VP35 and VP4 proteins from GCRV type Ⅱ via Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The expression of recombinant VP35-VP4 protein (rVP35-VP4) in Bombyx mori embryo cells (BmE) and silkworm pupae was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) after infection with BmNPV-VP35-VP4. To vaccinate the grass carp by oral route, the silkworm pupae expressing the rVP35-VP4 proteins were converted into a powder after freeze-drying, added to artificial feed at 5% and fed to grass carp (18 ± 1.5 g) for six weeks, and the immune response and protective efficacy in grass carp after oral vaccination trial was thoroughly investigated. This included blood cell counting and classification, serum antibody titer detection, immune-related gene expression and the relative percent survival rate in immunized grass carp. The results of blood cell counts show that the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of immunized grass carp increased significantly from 14 to 28 days post-immunization (dpi). The differential leukocyte count of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher than those in the control group at 14 dpi. Additionally, the number of lymphocytes increased significantly and reached a peak at 28 dpi. The serum antibody levels were significantly increased at Day 14 and continued until 42 days post-vaccination. The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes (IFN-1, TLR22, IL-1β, MHC I, Mx and IgM) were significantly upregulated in liver, spleen, kidney and hindgut after immunization. Four weeks post-immunization, fish were challenged with virulent GCRV by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this challenge study show that orally immunized group exhibited a survival rate of 60% and relative percent survival (RPS) of 56%, whereas the control group had a survival rate of 13% and RPS of 4%. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the silkworm pupae powder containing baculovirus-expressed VP35-VP4 proteins could induce both non-specific and specific immune responses and protect grass carp against GCRV infection, suggesting it could be used as an oral vaccine.

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