Performance of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Backcrosses, F1 Splake (S. fontinalis × S. namaycush), and Lake Trout in Lake Huron

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2402-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Spangler ◽  
A. H. Berst
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Bathymetric Distribution ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Annual Mortality

This paper presents the results of plantings in Lake Huron waters of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), F1 splake (S. fontinalis × S. namaycush), and the progeny of the backcross between splake males and lake trout females.The planted fish were piscivorous throughout age-groups II – V with rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), sticklebacks (Pungitius [?]), and alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) the dominant food organisms. Hybrid stocks grew more rapidly but attained a somewhat smaller asymptotic length than did lake trout. The F1 hybrids were the earliest to mature with 34% of the males and 4% of the females spawning at age II. Earliest maturity occurred in the backcrosses at age III, in contrast to lake trout which matured predominantly at ages VI and VII. The backcrosses demonstrated a slightly broader thermal and bathymetric distribution during summer than did lake trout, while the F1 hybrids tended to concentrate in the thermocline. Total annual mortality rates (attributed mostly to predation by sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus) ranged from 62 to 95% for all of the planted stocks.

Interspecific Relations among Fish Species in South Bay, Lake Huron, 1949–84

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. s10-s14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Henderson ◽  
F. E. J. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Coregonus Artedii

Of the nine species caught in pound and gill nets in South Bay, Lake Huron (lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), splake (S. namaycush × S. fontinalis), burbot (Lota lota), lake hering (Coregonus artedii), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens)), only yellow perch, white sucker, and lake whitefish were significantly related to the abundances of all other fish species (multiple regression) from 1965 to 1984. For the longer period (pound nets 1949–84), all but smelt, burbot, and white sucker were dependent upon variations in the abundance of the nine other species. For the same period (1965–84) and species (nine), the abundances only of yellow perch and white suckers were significantly and positively related in two basins of the Bay. None of the inverse correlations between species abundances was significant in both basins. Within the Outer Basin, only the correlations between alewife and lake herring (r = −0.49, r = −0.45) and yellow perch and white sucker (r = +0.55, r = +0.47) were significant in the same direction for both time periods (1949–64 and 1965–84, respectively). We concluded that there was little evidence that the abundances of species were affected significantly by interspecific influences.

Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea

1998 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Thiamine Content ◽  
Lake Variation

<em>Abstract</em>.—Thiamine concentrations in representative Great Lakes prey fish, including alewives <em>Alosa pseudoharengus</em>, rainbow smelt <em>Osmerus mordax</em>, slimy sculpin <em>Cottus cognatus</em>, bloater chub <em>Coregonus hoyi</em>, and lake herring <em>Coregonus artedi</em>, and their major dietary items, including mysids <em>Mysis relicta</em>, amphipods <em>Diporeia hoyi</em>, and net macroplankton, were measured to assess their potential involvement in depressed thiamine concentrations in lake trout <em>Salvelinus namaycush </em>of the Great Lakes. Mean thiamine concentrations in all biota were greater than the recommended dietary intake of 3.3 nmol/g for prevention of effects on growth, although the adequacy of these concentrations for reproduction is not known. Mean thiamine concentrations decreased in the order alewives > bloater chub, herring > smelt and differed from the order of associated egg thiamine concentrations published for lake trout feeding on these species (herring > alewives, smelt). As a result, these data strongly implicate the high thiaminase content, rather than the low thiamine content, of alewives and smelt as being responsible for the low egg thiamine concentrations of Great Lakes lake trout stocks that feed heavily on these species. Variations in thiamine content among prey species did not appear to be related to levels in their diet, because thiamine concentrations in <em>Mysis</em>, <em>Diporeia</em>, and macroplankton showed little consistency between group or between lake variation. There was no lake to lake variation in mean thiamine concentrations of prey species, but considerable within species variation occurred that was unrelated to size.

Entrainment of Larval Fish by the Douglas Point Generating Station, Lake Huron, in Relation to Seasonal Succession and Distribution

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. M. Kelso ◽  
John K. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Early Fall

Larval fish were sampled by net in Lake Huron and the Douglas Point generating station throughout spring, summer, and early fall 1975. Dominance shifted from fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) to rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) then to ale-wife (Alosa pseudoharengus) from late April to late September. Entrainment of the major species paralleled dominance and abundance observed in the lake, but yellow perch (Perca flavescens), brook stickleback (Eucalia inconstans), and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) caught in the lake — each ranging from 5 to 25% of the total catch — were not entrained. Conversely, white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) was entrained but not captured in the lake. Size of individuals entrained, upper limit approx. 40 mm, paralleled size of individuals in the lake. Vertical distribution, and thus proximity to the submerged intake, greatly influenced entrainment rate. Key words: larval fish, entrainment, power plant, distribution, abundance.

Dynamics of salmonine diets and foraging in Lake Ontario, 1983-1993: a test of a bioenergetic model prediction

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S Rand ◽  
Donald J Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Bioenergetic Model ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Diet Survey

We tested the hypotheses that (1) reductions in individual size and energy density of adult alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Ontario over the past decade have caused reductions in mean size of consumed alewife and compensatory increases in frequency of feeding by salmonines and (2) perceived recent reductions in the alewife and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) prey base in recent years have resulted in shifts in diets of salmonines to less preferred prey items. Data from a diet survey conducted on sport-caught salmonines during 1983-1988 and 1993 indicated significant reductions in the mean size of consumed alewife across all predator species over time and an increased frequency of feeding among some predators (reflected by a decline in the proportion of empty stomachs observed). We found evidence of increased ration levels in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and an increase in the number of adult alewife in stomachs of all predator species that was accurately predicted by an earlier bioenergetic model analysis. We found evidence of a shift in diet across years away from rainbow smelt and other fishes to adult alewife. Results point toward possible sources of bioenergetic stress on salmonines in Lake Ontario.

Mercury Uptake by Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush, Relative to Age, Growth, and Diet in Tadenac Lake with Comparative Data from Other PreCambrian Shield Lakes

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh R. MacCrimmon ◽  
Christopher D. Wren ◽  
Barra L. Gots
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Mercury Accumulation ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Precambrian Shield ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Mercury Uptake

Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, released into Tadenac Lake as juveniles, show a pronounced acceleration in growth rate, following a change in diet from benthic invertebrates to rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, beginning at age 6 (> 30 cm). An abrupt increase in the rate of mercury accumulation in white muscle of these fish occurs at the same time. Mercury levels in lake trout ([Formula: see text] = 0.24–3.44 μg/g) and coresident smelt ([Formula: see text] = 0.06–0.48 μg/g) from Tadenac and eight neighboring lakes reveal maximum levels reaching 10.0 and 0.84 μg/g, respectively. Mercury levels in lake trout from Tadenac Lake, an undisturbed PreCambrian Shield ecosystem without detected indigenous sources, exceed the "safe" level (0.5 μg/g) at sexual maturity and at a size less than generally acceptable for human utilization. Mercury accumulation by the trout is correlated with length (r = 0.92) in each lake population examined, but substantial among-lake differences occur in fish of comparable ages. As the growth rates are similar in various waters, differences in extent of mercury accumulation is attributed to differences in mercury availability among lakes. In view of a strong correlation (r = 0.96) between mercury levels in smelt and trout calculated at standardized length, it is proposed that the smelt is an appropriate indicator species for the ranking of cold-water lakes relative to the availability of mercury for uptake by lake trout and other living aquatic organisms.Key words: mercury uptake, lake trout, rainbow smelt, growth rate, diet

Recent Changes in the Aquatic Food Web of Eastern Lake Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. s37-s52 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Christie ◽  
K. A. Scott ◽  
P. G. Sly ◽  
R. H. Strus
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Representative Samples

During the past 10 yr there have been dramatic increases in piscivorous populations of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in the Bay of Quinte and of planted lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) in the Kingston basin of Lake Ontario. This paper documents changes in the prey stocks shared by these piscivores, including reduction in size and abundance of the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) with subsequent stock equilibration and unabated reduction in the size and abundance of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), both owing to predation pressure from the lake trout. The third primary prey species, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), has not yet suffered severely from the depredations of the piscivores. Symptoms of the effects are discernible, however, and the implications of a possible collapse are discussed. Lake trout survival and growth have not yet been affected by the changes in prey availability, but their diet has shifted both in response to their own expanded size composition and relative abundance of the three prey species. Increased utilization of alewife makes the hunting of the trout more pelagic. Problems of obtaining representative samples of the prey are discussed.

Final Observations on the Survival of Planted Lake Trout in South Bay, Lake Huron

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2413-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Budd ◽  
F. E. J. Fry ◽  
P. S. M. Pearlstone
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Annual Mortality

Yearling lake trout were planted in South Bay, Lake Huron, an area with a sea lamprey population, each year from 1949 to 1955 with the exception of 1950. Fish were recaptured in pound and gillnets. Those recaptured in pound nets were tagged and released. Data from recaptures of tagged fish have been used to calculate yearly population estimates that were used to determine the annual mortality of certain year-classes. The fish were also examined for lamprey wounds and scars and the results tabulated according to the age of the fish.Before age IV annual mortality of South Bay lake trout does not appear to differ significantly from annual mortalities observed in lake trout populations in the absence of sea lampreys. Thereafter, annual mortality rates rise sharply and the population disappears at the age of VI or VII. No spawning population was maintained.Prior to age III no lamprey marks were observed on recaptured lake trout. From ages III to V the percentages of fish bearing lamprey marks increased from 5.2 to 38.8. This trend may continue through age VI but too few data are present to be certain. Before age VI there appears to be a direct correlation between annual lamprey marking rates and annual natural mortality rates.

Early Life Stage Mortality Syndrome in Fishes of the Great Lakes and Baltic Sea

1998 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Thiamine Content

<em>Abstract</em>.—Lake trout <em>Salvelinus namaycush </em>eggs were collected from 18 separate locations in the Great Lakes and inland lakes to evaluate the relationship between diet and egg thiamine content. Thiamine concentrations in the eggs of lake trout whose diet consisted primarily of rainbow smelt <em>Osmerus mordax </em>and alewife <em>Alosa pseudoharengus </em>were one-ninth to one-seventeenth those of eggs of lake trout whose diet lacked either of these two species and was composed of lake herring <em>Coregonus artedi</em>, yellow perch <em>Perca flavescens</em>, cyprinids, or invertebrates. Within the Great Lakes, concentrations of thiamine in the eggs of lake trout increased in the order Ontario, Erie, Michigan, Huron < Superior and reflected the proportion of smelt, alewives, or both in the diet. Of the three forms of thiamine found in eggs, free thiamine was the most important and the form most affected by a diet of alewives or smelt. Collections from inland lakes were similar in terms of thiamine content and its relationship to diet composition. Average free thiamine concentrations in lake trout from Lakes Ontario, Erie, Michigan, and Huron were 1.5 to 4 times a threshold of 0.8 nmol/g that has been associated with the development of a thiamine-responsive early mortality syndrome. In contrast, the concentration of free thiamine in Lake Superior lake trout eggs was 26 times the threshold. We concluded that the reduction in egg thiamine concentrations in lake trout whose diet was primarily smelt or alewives was the result of their high thiaminase content, because published thiamine contents could not explain the patterns observed. Egg thiamine concentrations in lake trout were unaffected by maternal age.

Returns of Hatchery-Reared Lake Trout in Southern Lake Superior, 1955–62

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Pycha ◽  
George R. King
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

Experimental plantings of fin-clipped lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of various ages have been made in southern Lake Superior since 1952. The catch of planted lake trout by the commercial fishery was used to measure the success of stocking. Estimates of total returns were based on samples of 8.2 to 21.2% of the Wisconsin catches in 1955–62 and 36.4 to 46.8% of the Michigan catches in 1959–62. Marked lake trout were assigned to various plantings according to the fin mark, length of fish, readings of age from scales, and locations of capture.Estimated returns from Wisconsin plantings of 9-month-old lake trout varied from 2.1 to 6.4%. Wisconsin releases of 16-month-old fish yielded returns of 5.7 to 37.3%. Returns from plantings in Michigan were 0.3% for 9-month-old fish and 1.5 to 3.8% for 16-month-old fish. The ratios of the returns from plantings of 16-month-old fish to those of 9-month-old fish were 3.9:1 for Wisconsin releases and 6.7:1 for Michigan releases. Lake trout planted in Wisconsin generally survived better than those released in Michigan. Returns from fish planted at ages of 17 to 40 months in Michigan in 1958–59 were far greater than those from 16-month-old fish released in Michigan, but were not as high as from the most successful plantings of 16-month-old fish in Wisconsin. Lake trout released in 1960 from shore and from boats survived equally well.Average size of lake trout at release was more closely related to survival than any other factor. All except 1 of 10 highly successful releases were of fish larger than 22 per lb, and all 6 poor releases were of fish smaller than 34 per lb. Fish that ran 22 to 33 per lb survived only moderately well. A size of 17 to 20 fish per lb appears to be close to optimum.Abundance of native lake trout, American smelt (Osmerus mordax), and sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) all appeared to be unrelated to stocking success. The only apparent method of rapidly improving the success of stocking is to rear all lake trout to an average size of 17 to 20 per lb.

Diet and bathymetric distribution of juvenile Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Huron

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-365
Author(s):  
Edward F. Roseman ◽  
Stephen C. Riley ◽  
Taaja R. Tucker ◽  
Steven A. Farha ◽  
Scott A. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Bathymetric Distribution
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