Sensory Organs of the Lateral-Line Canal System in Two Percids and Their Importance in Behavior

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1492-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Disler ◽  
S. A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Flowing Waters ◽  
Ambush Predators

The early development of the lateral-line systems in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and the ruff (Gymnocephalus cernua) is described and related to development of behavior patterns characteristic of the two species. Perch are active pelagic predators for whom vision is of greatest importance in obtaining food, whereas ruff are benthophages of slow-flowing waters and typically obtain their food as solitary ambush predators for whom the highly sensitive lateral-line system is extremely important. The less developed system of the perch seems to match its greater ecological plasticity. Key words: Percidae, Perca, Gymnocephalus, lateral line, development, behavior, sensory organs

scholarly journals The Inner Ear is Responsible for Detection of Infrasound in the Perch (Perca Fluviatilis)

1992 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANSERIK KARLSEN
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Line System ◽  
Frequency Detection ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Cardiac Conditioning

In a previous study of infrasound detection in the cod, the inner ear was suggested to be the sensory organ responsible for the responses. However, a possible involvement of the lateral-line system in the observed low-frequency detection could not be ruled out. The infrasound sensitivity was therefore studied in perch (Perca fluviatilis) with normal and blocked lateral-line organs. The experiments were performed using a standing wave acoustic tube and the cardiac conditioning technique. All perch readily responded to infrasound frequencies down to 0.3 Hz with threshold values of approximately 2×10−4 ms−2. These thresholds were not affected by complete blocking of the lateral-line system with Co2+, which suggests that the inner ear is responsible for the observed infrasound detection by the perch.

On The Fine Structure of Lateral-Line Canal Organs of the Herring (Clupea Harengus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mørup Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Lateral Line Canal ◽  
Lower Vertebrates

The lateral-line system of water-living lower vertebrates is provided with mechanoreceptors enabling the animals to detect water displacements, either caused by moving objects such as prey, predators or neighbours in a school or by deformations of pressure waves from the swimming animal caused by other objects. Cyclostomes, some fish and water–living amphibians have their lateral-line organs situated superficially in the epidermis as free neuromasts, while most fish besides these neuromasts possess a canal system in the dermis. Ordinarily the lateral line canal system consists of a few canals on the sides of the head and a trunk canal. In herring, however, the canal system is confined to the head and opercule. It forms a very richly branched system with numerous pores which connect the canal fluid with the surrounding sea water.

Mechanical factors in the excitation of clupeid lateral lines

1983 ◽  
Vol 218 (1210) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Line System ◽  
Lateral Line Canal

The excitation of lateral line sense organs (neuromasts) might be expected to depend on differences of movement between the liquid inside the main lateral line canals (the ones that contain the neuromasts) and the walls of these canals. We have investigated this net movement in relation to events in the water around fish. Liquid displacements inside a given part of a main lateral line canal of the sprat ( Sprattus sprattus (L.)) are, at any one frequency, linearly related to those in the medium (sea water) adjacent to this part. For the parts of the canal system studied, and below about 80 Hz, the ratio of displacement inside the canal to that in the medium falls with frequency, i. e. the displacement inside the canal follows the velocity in the medium. Sea water displacements in a given length of a main lateral line canal system are proportional to the component of the external velocity that is parallel to the canal. For this component the ratio of displacements inside and outside the lateral line approaches unity at around 80 Hz. The behaviour of a lateral line canal is close to that of a straight capillary tube of roughly the same cross sectional area. Displacements in the canal are advanced in phase relative to those in the external medium and these phase advances are a little larger than those found in capillaries. There is very little mechanical coupling between neighbouring parts of the main canals. Since the cupulae of the neuromasts of the sprat lateral line are driven by frictional forces, the stimulus to a neuromast will (below 80 Hz) be proportional to the acceleration of the medium adjacent to the lateral line. Sprats and fish of three other species ( Clupea harengus L., Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Lesauvage), and Trachurus trachurus (L.) have been shown, when suspended in sound fields emitted by pulsating and vibrating sources, to behave longitudinally as rigid bodies. Under many conditions it proved possible to calculate the longitudinal movements of fish from the differences of pressure between snout and tail. From these two kinds of result we have calculated for a variety of positions in fields around vibrating bodies the motion of a fish and the motion of the liquid in the canals and so estimated the effective stimulus to different parts of the lateral line system. When such calculations were made for a vibrating source of the dimensions of a sprat tail, and for distances comparable to the inter-fish distance within a school, we found that the patterns of net velocities at different neuromasts change dramatically with the position or angle of the fish relative to the source. We estimate that the sprat lateral line system excited in this way could detect a neighbouring fish in a school at distances of up to a few fish lengths. The sprat lateral line sensory system is well suited to giving sensory information in such activities as schooling.

The Ionic Composition of the Lateral-Line Canal Fluid of Dogfish

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Liddicoat ◽  
B. L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Definite Pattern

The sense organs of the lateral-line system of lower aquatic vertebrates are mechanoreceptors which respond to water movements. They are distributed over the body, usually in lines which form a definite pattern on the head and along each side of the trunk. In the Cyclostomes the sense organs project from the body surface ('free neuromasts'); in other aquatic vertebrates they are usually housed in canals which are sunk into the dermis and which open at regular intervals to the exterior, although in some teleosts and in all modern amphibia the canal system has been secondarily lost and the neuromasts are once again situated externally.

scholarly journals The cephalic lateral-line system of Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi): anatomy and phylogenetic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo N L Pastana ◽  
Flávio A Bockmann ◽  
Aléssio Datovo
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Line System ◽  
Lateral Line Canal ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications

Abstract The lateral-line system has been traditionally recognized as an important source of phylogenetic information for different groups of fishes. Although extensively studied in Siluriformes and Cypriniformes, the lateral-line system of Characiformes remained underexplored. In the present study, the anatomy of the cephalic lateral-line canals of characiforms is described in detail and a unifying terminology that considers the ontogeny and homologies of the components of this system is offered. Aspects of the arrangement of lateral-line canals, as well as the number, location and size of canal tubules and pores, resulted in the identification of novel putative synapomorphies for Characiformes and several of its subgroups. The study also revised synapomorphies previously proposed for different characiform families and provided comments on their observed distribution across the order based on extensive taxon sampling. Information from the ontogenetic studies of the cephalic lateral-line canal system and a proposal for the proper use of these data to detect truncations in the development of the lateral-line canals across the order is also offered.

The Development of the Lateral Line System in Plaice (Pleuronectes Platessa) and Turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus)

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Neave
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Blind Side ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Pleuronectes Platessa ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus

The distribution of free neuromasts and the formation of the lateral line canals are described for two species of flatfish (plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L., and turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.) during development from the bilaterally symmetrical larva to the bilaterally asymmetrical adult. On hatching plaice have three free neuromasts per side compared with six in turbot. After feeding is established plaice have 40–60/side compared with 20–25 in turbot. During development the ‘hillock’ of sensory cells increases in size and the cupulae grow in length. Canal formation starts later in plaice than in turbot. During metamorphosis the canal system becomes more concentrated in the upper (eyed) side of both species, but lateral line canals occur both on the head and body regions of the blind side. In plaice the tubes leading from the canals to the surface have typically one pore/tube, whereas in turbot there is much branching with 8–10 pores/tube.

scholarly journals Descripción y comparación de la línea lateral de tres especies de rayas eléctricas del género Narcine (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Jonathan De la Cruz-Torres ◽  
Adrián F. González-Acosta ◽  
José A. Martínez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Similar Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Posterior Lateral Line ◽  
Electric Organs ◽  
Orbital Region ◽  
Pore Number

Description and comparison of the lateral line of three species of electric rays of the genus Narcine (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae). This study describes the composition and structural arrangement of the lateral line system of three electric ray species (Narcine bancroftii, N. entemedor and N. vermiculatus). All three species showed the supraorbital (SO), infraorbital (IO), hyomandibular (HYO) and posterior lateral line (PLL) canals, less branched compared to other batoids. Narcine entemedor differs from its congeners by the extensive branching of the SO and IO canals, which converge in the inter-orbital region; in N. vermiculatus these canals present a similar condition, but are less branched. In contrast, N. bancroftii has divergent canals (directed outwards from the inter-orbital region). HYO canals are located on the periphery of the electric organs in these species; in N. bancroftii the branches extend towards the posterior region, whereas in the other species are reduced (N. entemedor) or almost absent (N. vermiculatus). The PLL is curved and projected towards the urostyle, it also shows a large number of ramifications, except in N. vermiculatus. Information about the LL canal system arrangement and pore number in Narcine can be useful for the taxonomic distinction of its species, as it has been corroborated in other Torpediniformes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 586-592. Epub 2018 June 01. 

scholarly journals Frequency response properties of primary afferent neurons in the posterior lateral line system of larval zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Levi ◽  
Otar Akanyeti ◽  
Aleksander Ballo ◽  
James C. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Afferent Neuron ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Primary Afferent Neurons ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Line System ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Larval Zebrafish

The ability of fishes to detect water flow with the neuromasts of their lateral line system depends on the physiology of afferent neurons as well as the hydrodynamic environment. Using larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio), we measured the basic response properties of primary afferent neurons to mechanical deflections of individual superficial neuromasts. We used two types of stimulation protocols. First, we used sine wave stimulation to characterize the response properties of the afferent neurons. The average frequency-response curve was flat across stimulation frequencies between 0 and 100 Hz, matching the filtering properties of a displacement detector. Spike rate increased asymptotically with frequency, and phase locking was maximal between 10 and 60 Hz. Second, we used pulse train stimulation to analyze the maximum spike rate capabilities. We found that afferent neurons could generate up to 80 spikes/s and could follow a pulse train stimulation rate of up to 40 pulses/s in a reliable and precise manner. Both sine wave and pulse stimulation protocols indicate that an afferent neuron can maintain their evoked activity for longer durations at low stimulation frequencies than at high frequencies. We found one type of afferent neuron based on spontaneous activity patterns and discovered a correlation between the level of spontaneous and evoked activity. Overall, our results establish the baseline response properties of lateral line primary afferent neurons in larval zebrafish, which is a crucial step in understanding how vertebrate mechanoreceptive systems sense and subsequently process information from the environment.

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