Evaluation of the Ascorbic Acid Status of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2203-2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hilton ◽  
C. Y. Cho ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Concentration ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Key Words Ascorbic Acid

Due to the instability of supplemental ascorbic acid in practical trout diets and the increased metabolism of this vitamin in trout ingesting enviromental toxicants, a method of assessing the adequacy of dietary ascorbic acid and the ascorbic acid status of the trout is required. Two groups of trout grown on ascorbic acid deficient diets produced deficiency symptoms within 16–20 wk. Liver ascorbic acid concentrations in the two groups declined to levels below 20 μg/g when deficiency symptoms appeared. Groups of trout grown on diets containing supplemental ascorbic acid to provide near or in excess of the National Research Council–National Academy of Science requirement for this vitamin after processing showed substantially higher liver ascorbic acid concentrations than the deficient fish. This indicates that the liver ascorbic acid concentration can be used as an index of the ascorbic acid status of the trout and that levels 20 μg/g or lower are marginal and immediate supplementation is required. Key words: ascorbic acid, rainbow trout, nutritional requirements

Effect of Graded Levels of Supplemental Ascorbic Acid in Practical Diets Fed to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hilton ◽  
C. Y. Cho ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Iron Mineral ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Vitamin Requirement ◽  
Key Words Ascorbic Acid

Deficiency symptoms, including anorexia, lethargy, lying prostrate at the bottom of the tank, scoliosis, and lordosis, were noted 20 wk after the start of the experiment in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) held at 15 °C and fed a diet with no supplemental ascorbic acid. The apparent requirement was 40 mg/kg of supplemental ascorbic acid; however, the amount added to trout diets should be in excess of this level due to processing and storage losses and other factors. The ascorbic acid requirement for rainbow trout appears to vary with the age and rate of growth of the trout in that the requirement is higher in young fish. Ascorbic acid was noted to function in the iron metabolism of rainbow trout. Liver and spleen iron levels were correlated with the ascorbic acid level in the diet and suggest either a redistribution of iron stores due to impaired release of iron from reticuloendothelial stores or an increase in the efficiency of intestinal iron absorption. Scorbutic trout developed a gradual but progressive anemia. Key words: ascorbic acid, rainbow trout, vitamin requirement, iron, mineral metabolism, anemia

Essential Fatty Acids in the Diet of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Growth, Feed Conversion and Some Gross Deficiency Symptoms

1972 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Castell ◽  
R. O. Sinnhuber ◽  
J. H. Wales ◽  
D. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms

Competition for space and food in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, as related to ascorbic acid status

Aquaculture ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 180 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H Blom ◽  
K Dabrowski ◽  
J.D Rapp ◽  
Y Sakakura ◽  
K Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Competition For Space ◽  
Acid Status

Use of Synthetic Diets and Biochemical Criteria in the Assessment of Nutrient Requirements of Fish

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Cowey
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Carbon Acids ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Turbot Scophthalmus Maximus

Dietary allowances of nutrients have been formulated mainly from growth–response curves. The use of other criteria, especially those which exploit the biochemical role of nutrients, is discussed by reference to three different nutrients, namely thiamin, magnesium, and essential fatty acids.It is shown that erythrocyte transketolase activity provides a nutritional index of thiamin status in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). The enzyme is saturated with coenzyme (thiamin pyrophosphate) at a dietary thiamin level of 2.6 mg/kg.Assessment of mineral requirements is shown to present special problems because complex interrelationships exist between some dietary minerals. It is shown that dietary magnesium deficiency (4 mg magnesium/100 g diet) leads to renal calcification in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) at dietary calcium levels of 2.7 g/100 g (Ca: P ratio 1: 1). Elevation of dietary magnesium to 100 mg/100 g under these conditions gave freedom from pathology and enhanced growth.Ratios of certain fatty acids in the tissue phospholipids of rainbow trout are known to provide a useful index of essential fatty acid status. These ratios cannot be applied to turbot as this species does not chain elongate and desaturate 18-carbon acids at appreciable rates. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω3 series must be supplied preformed in the diet of turbot.

The half-life and uptake of 14c-1-ascorbic acid in selected organs of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W Hilton ◽  
R.G Brown ◽  
S.J Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

scholarly journals Exigências nutricionais de cálcio para vacas leiteiras na microrregião de Sousa-PB a partir do uso de aplicativo para smartphone

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (47) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Gilderlândio Pinheiro Rodrigues ◽  
Beatriz Dantas Fernandes ◽  
Jéssica Monique Dos Santos Lima ◽  
Bismark Alves Da Silva ◽  
Daniel Cézar Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Java Platform

<p class="Default">Technological innovation has had a remarkable rise and its use in rural areas has become a subdisidiary method for both producers and professionals in the agrarian area. In dairy cattle, there is a lack of information about nutritional management. The supply of minerals is inadequate and it does not meet the requirements of animals often. The objective of this study was to develop an application to estimate the nutritional requirements of calcium for dairy cows and to help producers to provide adequate amounts of this mineral. The application was created from the Java platform, using recommendations from the National Research Council (NRC), with calculation of requirements for maintenance of lactating and non-lactating cows, females in growth, gestation. The application enables the filling of data from animal characterization to the type and quantity of concentrate and forage provided. After filling the data the application will generate the result informing whether the cow in lactation has a deficit, surplus or if it is receiving adequate amounts of the mineral. It also demonstrates the amount of calcium that should be increased or decreased, according to the needs of each animal. Using the bovine calcium application, producers will provide an appropriate supplement, reducing unnecessary costs and increasing milk production.</p>

Role of dietary ascorbic acid in vitellogenesis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Aquaculture ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Waagbø ◽  
Thor Thorsen ◽  
Kjartan Sandnes
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Nutrition for kittens

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Hemmings
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nutritional Requirements

Nutritional requirements were set for dogs way back in 1971 by the National Research Council, with cats' needs going broadly unrecognised and certainly undifferentiated from those of dogs until 1986. However, the nutritional requirements of cats are very different from dogs in all stages of life, from pregnancy through lactation, their rapid growth period and throughout the remainder of their lives. This article looks in depth at each different stage of growth, noting some of the specific nutritional peculiarities of cats and provides important information to allow veterinary staff to make informed feeding recommendations to kitten owners.

Effect of ascorbic acid on dietary copper toxicity in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson)

Aquaculture ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Lanno ◽  
S.J. Slinger ◽  
J.W. Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Dietary Copper
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