Interpretation of Otolith Microstructure in Juvenile Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus): Ontogenetic Development, Daily Increment Validation, and Somatic Growth Relationships

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Sogard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Morphological Asymmetry ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Deposition

In winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), sagittae developed secondary origins of calcium carbonate deposition during metamorphosis just prior to completion of eye migration. Sagittae and lapilli of larvae were bilaterally symmetrical, but those of postmetamorphic individuals showed increasing morphological asymmetry between the left and right side. In juveniles marked with oxytetracycline and maintained in field enclosures for 10 d, increment deposition on sagittae was daily if somatic growth following marking was good (> 0.25 mm∙d−1), but less than daily in individuals with poor or negative somatic growth (< 0.25 mm∙d−1). Narrowly spaced increments or divergence of otolith growth from the main rostral–postrostral growth axis, where counts were made, may have limited detection of daily deposition. Lack of detectable daily increments occurred primarily in larger juveniles (> 50 mm total length), which had lower absolute growth rates than newly settled juveniles. In oxytetracycline-marked fish there was a significant correspondence between otolith growth and somatic growth in both length and weight. The strength of this relationship, which varied with the specific radius used, was highest (r = 0.854) for the rostral radius of the left sagitta; increment widths along this radius are reliable estimators of prior somatic growth rates.

Spatial Variation in Food-Limited Growth of Juvenile Greenback Flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina: Evidence from Otolith Daily Increments and Otolith Scaling

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2558-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Jenkins ◽  
Megan Shaw ◽  
Bryce D. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Somatic Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Increment ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Growth rates of juvenile flounder, Rhombosolea tapirina, determined from daily increment number, and the relationship between otolith and fish sizes (otolith scaling), were compared between two adjacent areas. Swan Bay, Victoria, a sheltered bay with a well-developed seagrass-detrital system, supports higher populations of prey and feeding rates of juvenile flounder than Port Phillip Bay, an area more exposed to waves and tidal currents. Temperature was significantly higher in Swan Bay (though generally less than 1 °C). Growth rates determined from daily increment number were similar within bays, but significantly different between bays. The pooled growth rate for Swan Bay (0.29 mm∙d−1) was significantly higher than for Port Phillip Bay (0.17 mm∙d−1). The same pattern was found for otolith scaling. Most of the variation in growth rates between the two bays was apparently related to food supply. A laboratory experiment indicated that otolith growth rate had a minimum level which was independent of somatic growth rate, and an additional component which was highly correlated with somatic growth rate. This resulted in an exponential decrease in otolith growth per unit somatic growth with increasing somatic growth rate such that variation in otolith scaling would be greatest at low growth rates.

The Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Long Pond, Conception Bay, Newfoundland

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Kennedy ◽  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Conception Bay

Monthly samples of winter flounder taken in Long Pond from November 1962 to October 1963 indicated that the flounder moved into deeper water (7–10 m) during the summer and returned to shallow water (1–2 m) from September to June. These movements corresponded to the end of the spawning season and the ripening of the gonads respectively. Spawning occurred from March until early June, most of it in May and early June. Most males were mature at age 6 and most females at age 7. Fifty percent of the males and females were mature at 21 and 25 cm respectively. The growth rates of the males and females were similar until the age of 8, after which the females apparently outgrew the males. Early growth and fecundity were similar to those reported for other areas. No feeding took place in December or January but the flounder fed in March and continued to feed throughout the summer; food intake decreased in the fall. They were omnivorous and the type of food eaten varied with the locality. Polychaetes, plant material, and molluscs were the most common food items throughout the year. Capelin eggs and fish remains were found only during a few months of the year but were eaten in great quantities.

Sources of Variation in Growth of the European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Estimated from Otoliths

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Panfili ◽  
Marie-Claude Ximénès ◽  
Alain J. Crivelli
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Natural Pond

Tetracycline labelling of otoliths was used for studying the growth of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla), which has strong individual variability. Two groups of eels were injected with tetracycline and released into a natural pond (Camargue, south of France) in spring 1989 and in autumn 1989. The marginal growth of otoliths between marking (tetracycline mark) and capture (otolith margin) was measured for all fish sampled until spring 1990. Comparisons of otolith growth rates were made according to fish size, age, sex, and growth period (ANCOVA). The results showed a great variability. After 15 mo of growth, the mean growth in length (back-calculated) was 6.6 cm. The three main factors tested, age, sex, and seasonal growth period, had a significant effect on otolith growth and therefore on somatic growth, since the relation between fish length and that of the otolith is highly significant (r2 = 0.802). There was also a very significant effect of size at marking on otolith growth. It is difficult to rank qualitative importance of these various factors, even though there are no interactions among them. The best absolute growth in Mediterranean lagoons could be attained by 2-yr-old female fish growing in the summer months.

Life on the bottom: the chemical and morphological asymmetry of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) sagittae

2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Jackman ◽  
Karin E. Limburg ◽  
John Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Morphological Asymmetry

Uncoupling of Somatic and Otolith Growth Rates in Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus) as an Effect of Differences in Temperature Response

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1514-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Mosegaard ◽  
Henrik Svedäng ◽  
Kjell Taberman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Wet Weight

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of temperature, fish size, and somatic growth rate on mean daily otolith growth rate in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) fry fed maximum rations. Long-term experiments at two different temperatures (8 and 13 °C) showed exponential relationships between otolith weight and fish wet weight, with the exponent of wet weight for the higher temperature being significantly higher than for the lower temperature. Increasing exponents at each sampling date indicated a difference in growth rates of the char and its otoliths. Short-term experiments showed that specific growth rate of the fry at six different temperatures was that of an optimum curve whereas the otolith growth rate continued to increase with increasing temperatures. A clear uncoupling between otolith growth rate and fish growth rate was demonstrated whereas temperature and fish wet weight modeled otolith growth rate reasonably well. It was found that otolith growth rate expressed as daily increase in weight gave a model with better fit and higher generality than growth rate along various radii. Several examples of uncoupling between fish growth rate and otolith growth rate in the literature were reexamined, and an explanation of otolith growth rate in terms of a metabolic expression was suggested.

Increment formation in otoliths of slow-growing winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) larvae in cold water

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C Casas
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Increment Formation ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Outdoor Mesocosms

Known-age winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) larvae were reared in large outdoor mesocosms where the temperatures were <5°C for the first 40 days and increased slowly after this and in field enclosures where the temperature ranged between 12.3 and 19.6°C. In the cold-water group, somatic and otolith growth were suppressed at the low initial temperatures and no increments were visible. After temperatures increased, somatic growth was evident and a variable number of initial narrow increments (0.2-0.6 µm) was observed. As larvae emerged from this initial period of slow growth, they began to develop rapidly and otolith increment widths increased to 1.0-3.0 µm. In contrast, larvae reared at the warmer temperature grew rapidly and laid down daily increments beginning 5 days after hatching.

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