The Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Long Pond, Conception Bay, Newfoundland

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Kennedy ◽  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Conception Bay

Monthly samples of winter flounder taken in Long Pond from November 1962 to October 1963 indicated that the flounder moved into deeper water (7–10 m) during the summer and returned to shallow water (1–2 m) from September to June. These movements corresponded to the end of the spawning season and the ripening of the gonads respectively. Spawning occurred from March until early June, most of it in May and early June. Most males were mature at age 6 and most females at age 7. Fifty percent of the males and females were mature at 21 and 25 cm respectively. The growth rates of the males and females were similar until the age of 8, after which the females apparently outgrew the males. Early growth and fecundity were similar to those reported for other areas. No feeding took place in December or January but the flounder fed in March and continued to feed throughout the summer; food intake decreased in the fall. They were omnivorous and the type of food eaten varied with the locality. Polychaetes, plant material, and molluscs were the most common food items throughout the year. Capelin eggs and fish remains were found only during a few months of the year but were eaten in great quantities.

Interpretation of Otolith Microstructure in Juvenile Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus): Ontogenetic Development, Daily Increment Validation, and Somatic Growth Relationships

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Sogard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Morphological Asymmetry ◽  
Daily Increments ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Deposition

In winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), sagittae developed secondary origins of calcium carbonate deposition during metamorphosis just prior to completion of eye migration. Sagittae and lapilli of larvae were bilaterally symmetrical, but those of postmetamorphic individuals showed increasing morphological asymmetry between the left and right side. In juveniles marked with oxytetracycline and maintained in field enclosures for 10 d, increment deposition on sagittae was daily if somatic growth following marking was good (> 0.25 mm∙d−1), but less than daily in individuals with poor or negative somatic growth (< 0.25 mm∙d−1). Narrowly spaced increments or divergence of otolith growth from the main rostral–postrostral growth axis, where counts were made, may have limited detection of daily deposition. Lack of detectable daily increments occurred primarily in larger juveniles (> 50 mm total length), which had lower absolute growth rates than newly settled juveniles. In oxytetracycline-marked fish there was a significant correspondence between otolith growth and somatic growth in both length and weight. The strength of this relationship, which varied with the specific radius used, was highest (r = 0.854) for the rostral radius of the left sagitta; increment widths along this radius are reliable estimators of prior somatic growth rates.

Selective Exploitation of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) Eggs by Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus): Capelin Egg Mortality Rates, and Contribution of Egg Energy to the Annual Growth of Flounder

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1294-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Frank ◽  
W. C. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Average Energy ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Capelin Mallotus Villosus ◽  
Gonad Production ◽  
Conception Bay ◽  
Spawning Sites

The consequences of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) predation on capelin (Mallotus villosus) eggs, both in terms of the egg mortality and of the contribution of energy ingested to the annual growth of flounder, were investigated at Bryant's Cove, Conception Bay, Newfoundland. Flounder density in the nearshore area adjacent to the capelin spawning beach increased sharply in each of the three study years in response to the presence of spawning capelin and to the density of capelin eggs on the spawning beaches. Capelin eggs were the dominant item inthedietofwinterflounder14–34 cm TL, averaging 59% by weight. Flounder [Formula: see text] fed less heavily on capelin eggs (22% of food consumed by weight) but because of their larger size and ration were an important source of predation. Egg mortality due to flounder predation was estimated to average 5.0, 2.2, and 1.9% in 1978, 1979, and 1980, respectively. Egg mortality due to predation is believed to be significantly greater at deepwater demersal spawning sites and may have a significant impact on recruitment in demersal spawners. The average energy gain to winter flounder resulting from consumption of capelin eggs was estimated to contribute 23% of the annual growth of flounder in the region (approximate 95% confidence interval: 10–40%). Selective exploitation of capelin eggs by postspawning flounder may also contribute significantly to the rapid recovery of body condition following the extensive depletion of tissue resources due to winter fasting, gonad production, and spawning.

An Analysis of Consumption Pattern in Pakistan

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The paper aims at testing the validity of Engel's law with data on Pakistan. Consumption functions for urban and rural areas have been estimated separately. These functions are shown to be determined by total expenditure and household size. Engel's law is confirmed for some commodity groups but not for all. Following tests of urban-rural homogeneity and of stability of urban and rural consumption functions, demand growth rates for different food and non-food items have been calculated, assuming different growth rates of total expenditure and household size.

Risk Assessment of Sulphite Exposure through Foods Among Adolescents of Delhi (India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-693
Author(s):  
Arushi Jain ◽  
Pulkit Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Permissible Levels

Background: Sulphites added as preservatives in food have been associated with adverse health effects in humans. Objective: The present study was designed with an objective of assessing the risk of sulphite exposure through food in adolescents (12-16 years old) of Delhi, India. Methods: A total of 1030 adolescents selected from four private and four government schools of Delhi, were asked to record their food intake using a 24 hour food record, repeated on three days, for assessing exposure to sulphites. The risk was assessed using six different scenarios of exposure. Results: The actual intake for sulphites for average consumers was 0.15 ± 0.13 mg / kg b.w. / day which was 21.4% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). For high consumers (P95), it was 65% of the ADI. However, for 2 respondents, the actual intake exceeded the ADI. The major food contributors to sulphite intake were beverage concentrates (46%), ready to serve beverages (22%) followed by miscellaneous food items (16%), mainly ice creams and snowballs. Estimation of sulphite intake using different exposure scenarios revealed that for certain scenarios where the highest reported sulphite level or maximum permissible levels were considered for calculation, the high consumers exceeded the ADI, though, for average consumers, intake was well below the ADI. Conclusion: Actual intake of sulphite for average consumers was well below the ADI but for high consumers was approaching the ADI. People with sulphite sensitivity need to be aware of hidden food sources of sulphites.

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