A spatially explicit bioenergetics measure of habitat quality for adult salmonines: Comparison between Lakes Michigan and Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1572-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doran M. Mason ◽  
Andrew Goyke ◽  
Stephen B. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Species Specific

We used spatially explicit modeling to compare habitat quality for chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, in Lakes Michigan and Ontario. This grid-based approach predicts a predator's physiological growth response, growth rate potential, from measured physical and biological environmental conditions and is a species-specific measure of habitat quality. Underwater acoustics was used to map prey spatial distributions, abundances, and sizes. A foraging model defined predator consumption rates from prey data. A bioenergetics model calculated growth rate potential based on consumption rates and prevailing thermal conditions. We compared habitat quality between lakes using both the mean growth rate potential and the volume (or proportion) of water capable of supporting positive growth rates. Mean growth rate potential for both chinook salmon and lake trout was similar between the lakes despite known differenes in the prey species composition and abundance. However, Lake Michigan provided a greater volume of water capable of supporting growth for both chinook salmon (26%) and lake trout (21%) compared with that for Lake Ontario (19% for both species). Our measure of habitat quality based on species-specific physiological requirements should provide a tool to compare ecosystems and quantify ecosystem change.

Spatiotemporal patterns in trophic niche overlap among five salmonines in Lake Michigan, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Kornis ◽  
David B. Bunnell ◽  
Heidi K. Swanson ◽  
Charles R. Bronte
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Forage Base ◽  
Overlap Analysis

Native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and introduced Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and brown trout (Salmo trutta) are major predators in Lake Michigan’s complex ecosystem and collectively support a valuable recreational fishery, but declines in their primary prey, alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), have raised ecological and management concerns about competition and prey allocation. We applied niche overlap analysis to evaluate competition among salmonine predators during rapid forage base change in Lake Michigan. δ13C and δ15N stable isotope ratios indicated that lake trout had a unique trophic niche from inclusion of offshore and benthic prey, with <29% lake-wide niche overlap with Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead. Brown trout had moderate overlap with other species (45%–91%), while Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead had high overlap (71%–98%). Regional differences in isotopic signatures highlighted the potential importance of subsystem differences in fish diets in large aquatic systems. The uniqueness of the lake trout niche, and broadness of brown trout and steelhead niches, suggest these species may be resilient to forage base changes. This study further demonstrates how niche overlap analysis can be applied to tease apart competitive interactions and their response to ecosystem change.

Maternal Transfer of Organochlorine Compounds in Salmonines to Their Eggs

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1405-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Organochlorine Compound ◽  
Organochlorine Compounds ◽  
Maternal Transfer ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Total Concentrations

To investigate relationships between the concentrations of lipophilic organochlorine compounds in salmonine fish and their eggs and the role of lipids in maternal transfer of these compounds, muscle tissue and fertilized eggs from chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were analyzed using gas chromatography. The concentrations of organochlorine compounds in the muscle tissue of the gravid fish were significantly correlated with the concentration of these compounds in the eggs (P < 0.01). Egg lipid concentrations were species specific, poorly correlated with muscle tissue lipid concentration, and did not appear to influence organochlorine compound transfer to the eggs. Total concentrations of PCBs and p,p′-DDE concentrations in chinook salmon eggs and total concentrations of PCBs, p,p′-DDE, and dieldrin in lake trout eggs were significantly correlated with the concentrations of these compounds in the muscle tissue of the gravid fish. Consequently, spatial differences or temporal changes in the concentrations of lipophilic compounds in chinook salmon or lake trout may significantly influence the concentrations of these compounds in their eggs.

Comparing results of a spatially explicit growth model with changes in the length-weight relationship of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Flaming Gorge Reservoir

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (S1) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Luecke ◽  
M William Wengert ◽  
Roger W Schneidervin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Forage Fish ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Gorge Reservoir ◽  
Flaming Gorge

We employed a spatially explicit simulation model to assess growth rate potential for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Utah-Wyoming. Late-summer water temperatures and forage fish densities in 168 habitat cells were collected from 1989 to 1996 and were used to estimate the potential growth of lake trout inhabiting each cell. Results of model simulations indicated that habitat quality for lake trout growth had decreased from 1990 to 1993. This decrease in lake trout growth rate potential was related to decreased forage fish densities during this period. Lake trout condition, as measured using length-weight analyses of individuals captured in spring gillnetting surveys, also decreased from the early 1990s to the mid-1990s. The change in the slope of the length-weight relationship was correlated with the proportion of habitat cells containing positive simulated growth rate potentials (r2 = 0.60, p = 0.024). No significant correlation between the sum of growth rate potentials in habitat cells and changes in the slope of the length-weight relationship was apparent. These correlations suggest that spatially explicit models of habitat quality have relevance to the performance of individual organisms functioning in field environments.

Endohelminths of salmonids from two localities in eastern Lake Michigan, with emphasis on Echinorhynchus salmonis

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1604-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Muzzall
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Adult salmonids (101 chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; 7 coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch; 56 lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush; 6 steelhead, Salmo gairdneri; and 2 brown trout, Salmo trutta) were collected from eastern Lake Michigan (Ludington and Manistee, Michigan) in July–September 1986, and examined for helminths. Eight species (three Cestoda, three Nematoda, two Acanthocephala) were found in the digestive tract and other viscera. Echinorhynchus salmonis and Eubothrium salvelini were the most common helminths found. The intensity of E. salmonis significantly increased as chinook salmon became older and longer.

An examination of the PCB: lipid relationship among individual fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
C A Stow ◽  
L J Jackson ◽  
J F Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Relationship

We examined data from 1984 to 1994 for five species of Lake Michigan salmonids to explore the relationship between total PCB concentration and percent lipid. When we compared mean species lipid and PCB values, we found a strong linear correlation. When we compared values among individuals, we found modest positive PCB:lipid associations in brown trout (Salmo trutta), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected during spawning, but positive associations were not apparent among nonspawning individuals. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) exhibited no discernible PCB:lipid relationship. Our results are not incompatible with previous observations that contaminants are differentially partitioned into lipids within a fish, but these results do suggest that lipids are not a major factor influencing contaminant uptake.

The relationship between the size of some salmonid fishes and the intensity of their acanthocephalan infections

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Maximal Increase

Of the complex factors affecting the abundance of acanthocephalan infections in their definitive fish hosts, those related to fish age are considered. In Lake Michigan, the abundance of some 8000 worms, mostly Echinorhynchus salmonis (Müller, 1784), was independent of the age (weight) of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum), using linear regression analysis. Other E. salmonis infection patterns include steady increase in abundance with host age and a maximal increase in midage. A decrease in abundance with host age was demonstrated in other acanthocephalan species. The above patterns were primarily related to host feeding behavior as well as spatial and seasonal distribution of invertebrate and vertebrate larval hosts. A progressive increase in the abundance of Echinorhynchus through midage or through life is associated with a stable intake of an invertebrate diet, including the infected intermediate host, in larger volumes by older fish. Loss of the latter two patterns is affected by destabilizing the above trend through total or partial replacement of the invertebrate diet with a piscivorous one.

Examining the potential of otolith chemistry to determine natal origins of wild Lake Michigan Chinook salmon

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Maguffee ◽  
Reneé Reilly ◽  
Richard Clark ◽  
Michael L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Scale

Previous research has demonstrated a large movement of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Lake Huron to Lake Michigan, suggesting the potential for wild fish to exhibit similar movement patterns. We assessed the feasibility of using otolith microchemistry to estimate the natal source composition of wild Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan and evaluate interbasin movement. Otolith pairs were extracted from juvenile and adult fish collected in 2015 and 2016 from Great Lakes tributaries. Otoliths were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine trace element concentrations, and four multivariate classification algorithms were evaluated for classification accuracy. Juvenile data reclassified to their natal regions with up to 89% success on a basin level, with a random forest approach performing the best among all models. Assigning adults to their natal origins resulted in more success on a basin-wide scale (74% to 88%) compared with a regional scale (32% to 51%), but success was still below juvenile reclassification accuracy. Our findings suggest that otolith microchemistry can be used to estimate wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement and that classification accuracy can be improved by matching juvenile and adult year classes in our assessment samples. Ultimately, we intend to use these models to assess the effects of wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement on Lake Michigan predatory demand and evaluate the risks of various stocking alternatives.

Genetic, Environmental, and Interaction Effects on Growth and Stress Response of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Fry

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Heath ◽  
Nicholas J. Bernier ◽  
John W. Heath ◽  
George K. Iwama
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Wet Weight

Eight full- and half-sib families of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were held during egg development at two temperatures (8.0 and 10.2 °C). As fry, these families were measured for relative growth rate, initial and final wet weight, hematocrit values before and 2 h after a 30-s handling stress, and plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations before and after stress. Significant sire effects were found for all measured traits, and significant dam effects were found for all traits except for the poststress increases in cortisol concentrations. There were significant genotype-by-environment interactions for all traits except unstressed (control) plasma glucose concentrations. Incubation temperature had a significant effect on relative growth rate and final wet weight only. We found a significant correlation between poststress plasma glucose concentration and relative growth rate for all fish, independent of family, while resting plasma cortisol concentration and poststress hematocrit correlated with wet weight only when analyzed within the eight individual families. Genetic contributions to stress-related parameters and genotype-by-environment interactions should be considered as a factor in stress-related research with fish.

Changes in the Average Size and Average Age of Pacific Salmon

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1636-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Gill Nets ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Average Size

Of the five species of Pacific salmon in British Columbia, chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) are harvested during their growing seasons, while pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), chum salmon (O. keta), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) are taken only after practically all of their growth is completed. The size of the fish caught, of all species, has decreased, but to different degrees and over different time periods, and for the most part this results from a size decrease in the population. These decreases do not exhibit significant correlations with available ocean temperature or salinity series, except that for sockeye lower temperature is associated with larger size. Chinook salmon have decreased greatly in both size and age since the 1920s, most importantly because nonmaturing individuals are taken by the troll fishery; hence individuals that mature at older ages are harvested more intensively, which decreases the percentage of older ones available both directly and cumulatively because the spawners include an excess of younger fish. Other species have decreased in size principally since 1950, when the change to payment by the pound rather than by the piece made it profitable for the gill-netters to harvest more of the larger fish. Cohos and pinks exhibit the greatest decreases, these being almost entirely a cumulative genetic effect caused by commercial trolls and gill nets removing fish of larger than average size. However, cohos reared in the Strait of Georgia have not decreased in size, possibly because sport trolling has different selection characteristics or because of the increase in the hatchery-reared component of the catch. The mean size of chum and sockeye salmon caught has changed much less than that of the other species. Chums have the additional peculiarity that gill nets tend to take smaller individuals than seines do and that their mean age has increased, at least between 1957 and 1972. That overall mean size has nevertheless decreased somewhat may be related to the fact that younger-maturing individuals grow much faster than older-maturing ones; hence excess removal of the smaller younger fish tends to depress growth rate. Among sockeye the decrease in size has apparently been retarded by an increase in growth rate related to the gradual cooling of the ocean since 1940. However, selection has had two important effects: an increase in the percentage of age-3 "jacks" in some stocks, these being little harvested, and an increase in the difference in size between sockeye having three and four ocean growing seasons, respectively.Key words: Pacific salmon, age changes, size changes, fishery, environment, selection, heritability

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