HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN THE NEARCTIC ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS AND THE PALEARCTIC ANOPHELES ATROPARVUS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Richard D. Kreutzer
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Inverted Region ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Homology ◽  
Anopheles Atroparvus ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
High Level

Interspecific crosses were made between the Palearctic species Anopheles atroparvus Van Thiel and the Nearctic species A. punctipennis Say. Except for most of the X chromosomes, an inverted region in 3R, and band intensity differences the salivary gland chromosome banding patterns are the same in both species. Despite this high level of chromosomal homology very little synapsis of identically banded regions was observed in hybrid complements. This asynapsis and the fact that no adults were produced from either the cross or the reciprocal indicate that there are significant genetic differences between the species.

Chromosomal homology of wood bison and plains bison

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1759-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Ying ◽  
D. G. Peden
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Homology ◽  
Wood Bison

Karyotypes of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) and plains bison (Bison bison bison) were studied. Both subspecies were characterized by the same number of chromosomes (2n = 60), acrocentric autosomes, submetacentric X chromosomes, and an acrocentric Y chromosome. G-banding patterns suggest that when comparing wood bison and plains bison, 20 pair plus the sex chromosomes are homologous. Whether or not the remaining nine pair of chromosomes are homologous remains unknown.

Chromosome banding in aphids: G, C, AluI, and HaeIII banding patterns in Megoura viciae (Homoptera, Aphididae)

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Manicardi ◽  
D. C. Gautam ◽  
D. Bizzaro ◽  
E. Guicciardi ◽  
A. M. Bonvicini Pagliai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Holocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Holokinetic Chromosomes ◽  
Megoura Viciae

The holocentric mitotic chromosomes of Megoura viciae, a species that has been little studied cytogenetically to date, have been characterized by applying G, C, AluI, and HaeIII banding techniques. C bands have shown the best defined patterns, particularly on the X chromosome. This chromosome, on the other hand, behaved as the most reactive to the various treatments. Uncondensed, prometaphase X chromosomes showed a number of heterochromatic bands, interspersed among the euchromatin, which fused together during metaphase condensation. AluI and HaeIII treatments also produced reproducible banding patterns. These data permit an accurate identification of the X chromosome as well as of the autosomal pairs 1 and 2, and facilitate the construction of nonambiguous karyotypes. They will also stimulate studies on the organization of chromatin in holocentric, holokinetic chromosomes. Finally they could also promote research on chromosomal rearrangements that have occurred during the course of speciation and evolution of aphids, since these kinds of events may be significantly affected by the condition of chromosomal holocentrism.Key words: aphids, holocentric chromosomes, chromosome banding, heterochromatin.

scholarly journals Cytogenetically distinguishable sympatric and allopatric populations of the mosquito Anopheles albitarsis

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Kreutzer ◽  
J. B. Kitzmiller ◽  
M. G. Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Gland Chromosome ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Map ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

Abstract Salivary gland chromosome slides of Anopheles albitarsis from Brasil, Colombia and Venezuela indicate that at least three chromosomally differentiated populations of this species exist in this area. The B1 population from Brasil contains one heterozygous inversion in the X and two in the autosomes. Population B2, sympatric with B1 in Brasil, differs from it by two inversions in the X and ten in the autosomes. Population C in Colombia and Venezuela is closer to B1, from which it differs by three inversions in chromosome 2 and three in chromosome 3. Each population, B1, B2 and C may be distinguished with about 98% certainty using the banding patterns of the X chromosomes. Most of the remaining individuals may be identified using a combination of the X and autosomal paracentric inversions. The scarcity of shared inversions argues for little if any natural hybridization among these populations. A standard salivary gland chromosome map, based on the B1 populations, is presented.

Polytene chromosome mapping in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Bedo
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Mapping ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Characteristic Features

Polytene chromosome reference maps of the five autosomes of Ceratitis capitata from male pupal orbital bristle trichogen cells are presented and a correlation is established between two of them and the two largest of the five autosomes in the haploid mitotic complement. Characteristic features of each chromosome are described identifying areas that are difficult to analyze and noting the existence of common alternative band expression. A quantitative analysis of the mitotic karyotype of C. capitata indicates that the two smallest autosome pairs cannot be reliably distinguished. This may present problems with future attempts to establish homologies between the remaining mitotic and polytene chromosomes. A comparison of polytene chromosome banding patterns from salivary gland and trichogen cells failed to find any homologous regions, or even to identify homologous chromosomes. The banding differences are not explained by variation in puffing patterns, heterochromatin expression, or polyteny levels, but appear to reflect fundamental differences in banding patterns of the chromosomes in each tissue. Key words: Ceratitis capitata, polytene chromosome map, mitotic chromosome measurements.

THE SALIVARY GLAND CHROMOSOMES OF SIX CLOSELY RELATED BLACK FLIES NEAR EUSIMULIUM CONGAREENARUM (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Distinct Form ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Giant Chromosome

The salivary gland chromosomes of nearctic black flies which form a natural group in Eusimulium close to E. congareenarum were analyzed in detail. Comparisons of their giant chromosome banding patterns disclosed six cytological segregates in two subgroups; subgroup A, with E. innocens, E. anatinum, E. congareenarum, and a cytologically distinct form near the latter designated E. congareenarum 'b'; subgroup B, with E. excisum and E. rivuli. Within each subgroup closely related species differ at least by (1) two or three interspecific inversions, (2) the intraspecific specific inversions present, and (3) the details of the X and Y chromosomes. The differences between the subgroups include (1) the position of the nucleolus, (2) the identity of the sex chromosomes as either the first or third pair, and (3) about 15 interspecific inversions between E. congareenarum and E. excisum, the most closely related species from either subgroup. The phylogenetic interrelationships have been traced by means of the interspecific inversions.

CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE IN CHILOCORUS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE). II. THE ASYNCHRONOUS REPLICATION OF CONSTITUTIVE HETEROCHROMATIN

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosome Replication ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Late Replication ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Asynchronous Replication ◽  
Chilocorus Stigma

Chromosome replication has been analysed in four species of Chilocorus. In C. orbus Csy., C. tricyclus Smith, and C. hexacyclus Smith, centric regions of all chromosomes are last to replicate, preceded in order by heterochromatic arms and euchromatic arms. In C. stigma Say, very late replication of centric regions can be detected only in otherwise wholly euchromatic chromosomes (= monophasics); in chromosomes with one arm heterochromatic (= diphasics), these arms are last to replicate. Based on pachytene bivalent morphology and chromosome banding patterns, and supported by autoradiographic data, models are presented for the general organisation of Chilocorus chromosomes. All chromosomes in the first three species are subdivided into euchromatic arm, centric heterochromatin, and either a second euchromatic arm (monophasics) or a heterochromatic arm (diphasics). Chilocorus stigma diphasics apparently lack distinct centric organisation, and are therefore divided into euchromatic and heterochromatic arms only.

Rye C-banding patterns and meiotic stability of hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale) selections differing in kernel shriveling

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Papa ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
J. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Metaphase I

Two winter hexaploid triticale populations derived from the same cross were selected on the basis of grain appearance and agronomic performance. The five lines from 84LT402 showed more kernel shriveling than the four lines from 84LT401. The derived lines were analyzed for aneuploid frequencies, rye chromosome banding patterns, and meiotic stability to detect associations with kernel development. The aneuploid frequencies were 16% in 84LT401 and 18% in 84LT402. C-banding showed that both selection groups had all the rye chromosomes except 2R. The two groups had similar telomeric patterns but differed in the long-arm interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. Compared with lines from 84LT402, those from 84LT401 had significantly fewer univalents and rod bivalents, and more paired arms at metaphase I; fewer laggards and bridges at anaphase I; and a higher frequency of normal tetrads. There were no significant differences among lines within each group for any meiotic character. Since there were no differences within or between groups in telomeric banding patterns, the differences in kernel shriveling and meiotic stability might be due to genotypic factors and (or) differences in the interstitial patterns of 4R and 5R. By selecting plump grains, lines with improved kernel characteristics along with improved meiotic stability are obtainable.Key words: triticale, meiotic stability, C-banding, Secale cereale, heterochromatin.

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