GENOMES OF THE AUSTRALIAN WILD SPECIES OF COTTON. II. THE DESIGNATION OF A NEW G GENOME FOR GOSSYPIUM BICKII

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Allan Edwards ◽  
M. Anwar Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidases ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Secondary Constrictions

Gossypium bickii Prokh. is distinct from the C genome species, although it was tentatively placed in this genome. A comparison of the karyotypes of G. bickii and G. sturtianum Willis separates G. bickii sharply from G. sturtianum, the standard species for the C genome. Karyotypic differences are evident in centromere position of the chromosomes, chromosome size, and the lack of satellites or secondary constrictions in G. bickii. A clear separation of G. bickii from G. sturtianum and other Gossypium species is also demonstrated in previous studies of phenetic analysis, flower flavonoids, DNA content, and electrophoresis of seed proteins, esterases, leucine aminopeptidases, and catalases. G. bickii is placed in a new G genome and is assigned to the 2G1 subgenome.

DNA content and chromosome evolution in the shrubby Oxalis

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel de Azkue ◽  
Arturo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Size And Shape

The amount of DNA varies widely in 20 shrubby Oxalis species analyzed, ranging from 1.76 pg in O. alstonii to 33.00 pg in O. dispar. This wide variation in DNA content coincided with a wide variation in chromosome size and shape. Numerical taxonomy methods showed that this variation in chromosome size and shape in shrubby Oxalis is mainly due to extra DNA. It was also possible to arrange the 20 species examined in six different groups on the basis of karyotypic similarities.Key words: Oxalis, DNA content, chromosome evolution, multivariate analysis.

DNA content in Tradescantia

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Martínez ◽  
Héctor D. Ginzo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Polyploid Complex ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Vegetative Adaptation ◽  
The Relationship

There is a wide variation in the nuclear DNA content and chromosome size between the species belonging to the T. crassifolia and T. virginiana alliances (all the species but one are native to Central and North America). Also the DNA content per genome decreases when the ploidy level increases within the same specific polyploid complex with three ploidy levels (2x, 4x, and 6x). In contrast, no variation was found in the DNA content per genome between different ploidy levels in the T. fluminensis alliance (all the species are native to South America) where they range from 6x to 22x. Since all the species described here are perennials with various life forms, it was possible to analyze the relationship between the DNA content and their vegetative adaptation to the environment. The more specialized species (geophytes and hemicryptophytes) have a higher amount of DNA than the chamaephytes adapted to live in relatively more mesic regions. In the species living in Central and North America there is a positive correlation between the increase in DNA content and the latitude of their native regions.Key words: Tradescantia, DNA content, geographical distribution, life forms, polyploidy.

Chromosome size and DNA content of species of anemone L. and related genera (Ranunculaceae)

Chromosoma ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Rothfels ◽  
Elizabeth Sexsmith ◽  
Margaret Heimburger ◽  
Margarida O. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Size

scholarly journals Nucleic acid content and Chromosome morphology in Chrysanthemum

1969 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Dowrick ◽  
A. S. El Bayoumi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
The Relationship

1. The DNA contents of twenty-eight different species and forms of Chrysanthemum have been measured by photometry. It is shown that there are large differences in DNA content between some species with identical chromosome numbers.2. The DNA contents of natural polyploids are frequently not those expected when comparison is made with diploid forms of the same species. The DNA contents of induced polyploids are those expected.3. Chromosome length and volume are positively correlated with DNA content.4. The relationship between chromosome number, chromosome size, DNA content and gene number is considered, and it is suggested that the differences in DNA content may result from the presence of differing amounts of genetically inactive DNA in the chromosomes.

GENOMES OF THE AUSTRALIAN WILD SPECIES OF COTTON. I. GOSSYPIUM STURTIANUM, THE STANDARD FOR THE C GENOME

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Allan Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Total Complement

A detailed karyotype of Gossypium sturtianum Willis is presented to establish the C genome karyotype for comparison with other Australian wild species of cotton. Gossypium sturtianum has one chromosome with a median centromere, eight with slightly submedian centromeres, two with submedian centromeres and two with highly submedian centromeres. Chromosomes 8 and 9 have satellites. The total complement length is 75.04 micrometers.

Broadening Genetic Diversity in Canola Using the C-Genome Species Brassica oleracea L.

Crop Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 2030-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Bennett ◽  
Ginette Séguin-Swartz ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

scholarly journals The Relationship between Chromosome size and DNA Content in Birch (Betula) Species

Caryologia ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Janette Taper ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Wild Nicotiana Species as a Source of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Nicotianatabacum

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
V Nikova ◽  
R Vladova
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Organ

AbstractThe results of our experiments executed to obtain tobacco male sterile lines through interspecific hybridization are summarized. Ten wild species from the genus Nicotiana: N. excelsior (exc), N. amplexicaulis (amp), N. rustica (rus), Nicotianaglauca (gla), N. velutina (vel), N. benthamiana (ben), N. maritima (mar), N. paniculata (pan), N. longiflora (lon) and N. africana (afr) were used as cytoplasmic donors and N. tabacum, cv. HarmanliiskaBasma (HB) as a donor of the nucleus. Genetic effects of cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction of the studied species are discussed. Our results suggested that cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was expressed when the cytoplasms of the above mentioned wild Nicotiana species were combined with the nucleus of N. tabacum. The 10 sources of CMS obtained in tobacco were characterized by altered flower phenotypes. Flowers are classified into types according the stamen, pistil and corolla modification. All these CMS sources were backcrossed to Oriental tobaccos, cvs. Tekne, Nevrokop B-12, Kroumovgrad 90 and Djebel 576, to develop corresponding CMS lines. The investigated cytoplasms produced compete male sterility in all those cultivars. The CMS lines preserved flower types, specific for every “sterile” cytoplasm. The extent of male organ modifications varied from apparently normal (but pollenless) stamens in CMS (pan), (afr), some plants of (vel) (mar) through different degrees of malformations (shriveled anther on shortened filaments (lon), pinnate-like anthers on filaments of normal length (amp), petal - (ben), pistil- or stigma-like structures (rus), (gla)) to lack of male reproductive organs in (exc) and in some plants of (vel), (mar), (rus) and (gla). Most of the above mentioned cytoplasms had normal female gametophyte and good seed productivity. Alterations of the pistils were observed in CMS (rus), (exc) and (ben) causing reduction of the seed set. Electrophoresis of seed proteins of the tobacco cultivars and their CMS lines also suggested that the nuclei of wild species was entirely displaced by the nucleus of N. tabacum. CMS lines with cytoplasms of N. velutina, N. maritima, N. paniculata, N. longiflora and N. amplexicaulis were selected as suitable for seed production in tobacco.

scholarly journals Morpho-Molecular Study on some Taxa of Apocynaceae Sensu Lato

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Salim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phenetic Relationship ◽  
Ornamental Species

Apocynaceae sensu lato (s.l.) is treated as distinct family in some taxonomic systems while in others is treated as two separated families viz. Apocynaceae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Asclepiadaceae. So the main objective of the present study was to adopt one of the two views. The morphological characters viz. whole plant, lamina vein architecture and lamina epidermal characters of 20 wild and ornamental species were examined using LM and SEM. The data were numerically analyzed to detect the phenetic relationship among the studied species. DNA barcoding based on the sequencing of rbcL gene was cladistically analyzed to detect the phylogenetic relationship among the studied species. The generated phenogram showed a clear separation of two subseries; one of them belonged to Apocynaceae and the other with the remaining taxa belonging to Asclepiadaceae. The obtained cladogram showed that all of the studied species were divided into four lineages. It is concluded that the phenetic analysis supports the treatment of Apocynaceae s.l. as two distinct families; Apocynaceae s.s. Asclepiadaceae contrary of the phylogenetic one that supports the treatment of Apocynaceae s.s. and Asclepiadaceae as one family (Apocynaceae s.l.) with four subfamilies viz. Apocynoideae, Rauvolfiodeae, Asclepiadoideae and Periplocoideae. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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