THE EFFECT OF TELOMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN FROM SECALE CEREALE ON TRITICALE (× TRITICOSECALE). I. THE INFLUENCE OF THE LOSS OF SEVERAL BLOCKS OF TELOMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN ON EARLY ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT AND KERNEL CHARACTERISTICS AT MATURITY

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
M. D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

The relationships between telomeric heterochromatin on rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes, the occurrence of aberrant endosperm nuclei early during endosperm development, and kernel characteristics as seen at maturity were investigated in hexaploid spring triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). A positive relationship was established between the presence of telomeric heterochromatin on the short arms of rye chromosomes 4R/7R and 6R, and the production of aberrant endosperm nuclei. The removal of telomeric heterochromatin blocks from either 4R/7R or 6R significantly reduced the occurrence of nuclear instability in endosperm, and the effect of losing more than one block of telomeric heterochromatin was additive. A strong relationship was also noted between the absence of telomeric heterochromatin blocks on the short arms of rye chromosomes 4R/7R and 6R, and both higher thousand kernel weight and test weight at maturity. This relationship was also additive depending on whether one or two blocks of telomeric heterochromatin were missing. The absence of telomeric heterochromatin blocks on 4R/7R and 6R was significantly related with increased yield. The results show that amount of telomeric heterochromatin on some rye chromosomes is closely related to the occurrence of aberrant endosperm nuclei early during endosperm development and kernel characteristics at maturity.

Heterochromatin content and early endosperm development in 42-chromosome spring triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
A. J. Lukaszewski ◽  
B. Skovmand
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Heterochromatin Content

An analysis of several triticales (× Triticosecale Wittmack) from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) breeding program showed a strong correlation (r = 0.97, p ≤ 0.01) between test weight and the frequency of aberrant-nucleus formation in early endosperm development. The measurements of rye (Secale cereale L.) heterochromatin content indicated that, as compared with an average rye, in substituted triticales it was reduced by 21.4–49.8% and by 9.3 and 30% from that of two complete rye genome triticales analyzed. No correlation was observed between gross heterochromatin content and frequency of aberrant endosperm nucleus production and (or) test weight. However, both percentage heterochromatin and the production of aberrant endosperm nuclei were greatly reduced as compared with the average triticale previously analyzed. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the frequency of aberrant endosperm nuclei and the amount of telomeric heterochromatin on chromosomes 5R (r = −0.60, p ≤ 0.10) and 6R (r = 0.76, p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that the presence or absence of telomeric heterochromatin on different rye chromosomes on triticale may have different effects on the regularity of early endosperm development and subsequent test weight at maturity. Furthermore, once the total amount of telomeric heterochromatin present on rye chromosomes was greatly reduced it appeared that other genetic factors became visibly involved in irregularities of endosperm development.

THE EFFECT OF TELOMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN FROM SECALE CEREALE ON TRITICALE (X TRITICOSECALE). II. THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF BLOCKS OF HETEROCHROMATIN IN ISOGENIC BACKGROUNDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Bennett ◽  
J. P. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Heterochromatin Block ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

The influence of telomeric heterochromatin blocks on early embryo and endosperm development, and on various agronomic parameters seen at maturity, was investigated using triticales (× Triticosecale Wittmack) isogenic for the presence or absence of the heterochromatin blocks on rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes 6R and 7R/4R. Absence of the telomeric heterochromatin blocks from the long arm of rye chromosome pair 7R/4R in DRIRA, and from the short arm of rye chromosome pair 6R in Rosner was significantly related with a lower production of aberrant endosperm nuclei and an increased kernel weight. The loss of the heterochromatin block on rye chromosome pair 7R/4R in DRIRA resulted in a significant yield increase, while there was no increase in yield when the heterochromatin block was missing from rye chromosome pair 6R in Rosner. The lack of yield increase in Rosner was apparently due to a significant decrease in fertility when the heterochromatin block on 6R was lost. The loss of the heterochromatin block on the short arm of rye chromosome 6R appears to have the same effect on aberrant endosperm nuclei production and kernel weight in two different genetic backgrounds. The rate of embryo and endosperm development showed a small but significant increase when the heterochromatin blocks were lost from both 6R and 7R/4R.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON QUALITY AND GRADE OF SPRING TRITICALE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-856
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Water Concentration ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

Two spring triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars, Carman and Welsh, and one advanced-generation breeding line were grown under field conditions for 3 yr to study the effects of harvest time and drying method on quality and grade. Plots were harvested at six to seven intervals when kernel water concentration was in the 1000 to 100 g water per kilogram kernel dry weight range. Grain was dried in the field in simulated windrows or artificially dried in a forced-air oven at 40–45 °C. Test weight, 1000-kernel weight, falling number, germination, and commercial grade were determined. Test weight increased with decreasing kernel water concentration at harvest, particularly in the artificially dried treatment. Test weight was greater in the windrowed than in the artificially dried treatment, especially for harvests made at high water concentrations. Harvest at high kernel water concentrations tended to reduce 1000-kernel weight, more so in the windrowed than in the artificially dried treatment. Although falling numbers were influenced by harvest time and drying method, there were no clear trends. Germination was reduced in material cut at a kernel water concentration above 680 g∙kg−1 in 1 of 2 years. Grades were reduced by artificial drying of grain, particularly when harvested at high kernel water concentrations. Grades were unaffected by windrowing at kernel water concentrations of up to 1000 g∙kg−1.Key words: X-Triticosecale Wittmack, test weight, falling number, germination, windrow

Hazlet winter rye

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
Y. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Rye Straw ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Hazlet is a cultivar of winter rye (Secale cereale L.), developed at the Semiarid Prairie, Agricultural Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK. Straw of Hazlet is about 10% shorter than tall cultivars such as Prima. Lodging resistance is poorer than AC Rifle and similar to Prima and Dakota. Hazlet has good winter survival and is well adapted to the Canadian Prairies. Kernels are about 16% larger and the test weight is significantly greater than the check cultivars. Grain yield is about 16% grater than that of Prima. Key words: Cultivar description, winter rye, straw strength, reduced plant height, test weight, kernel weight, Secale cereale L.

The effect of telomeric heterochromatin on the frequency of aneuploids in triticale (× Triticosecale)

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Dillé ◽  
J. P. Gustafson ◽  
M. D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the frequency of aneuploids and blocks of telomeric heterochromatin on rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes in a triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) background was investigated. Lines with or without blocks of telomeric heterochromatin were examined to determine the percentage of aneuploid progeny. The results showed that the amount of telomeric heterochromatin present on rye chromosomes 4R and 6R had little effect (2%) on lowering the proportion of aneuploids. When rye chromosome pair 2R was replaced by wheat chromosome 2D in the presence of chromosomes 4R and 6R lacking heterochromatin, the percentage of aneuploids increased slightly (2.7%) over that found in the control population.

MUSKETEER WINTER RYE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McLEOD ◽  
D. S. McBEAN ◽  
S. R. BUZINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Breeder Seed ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Test

Musketeer, a new high-yielding cultivar of winter rye (Secale cereale L.), combines good winterhardiness, high test weight, and 1000-kernel weight, early heading and maturity and good resistance to lodging. It is well-adapted to Western Canadian growing conditions. It was licensed in July 1980. Breeder seed of Musketeer will be maintained by the Swift Current Research Station, Agriculture Canada. Seed will be distributed through SeCan.

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) Response to Herbicides

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
Stewart M. Turner ◽  
Ronald E. Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The response of ‘Florico,’ ‘Victoria,’ and 'Stan II’ triticale to 2,4-D, dicamba, 2,4-D plus dicamba, diclofop, and thifensulfuron plus tribenuron applied POST during the tillering stage was examined. At rates twice those recommended for application to wheat, Victoria and Stan II were not injured, and injury to Florico was less than 10%. None of the herbicides or combinations adversely affected plant height at maturity, tiller or spike production, grain weight/spike, kernel weight, kernels/spike, yield, or test weight of any cultivar. Cultivars varied in tiller production, height, yield, test weight, kernel weight, and kernels/spike.

AC Copia spring triticale

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
T. F. Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Test Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

AC Copia, a cultivar of spring triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed at the Research Station, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK. It is widely adapted to the Prairie Provinces of Western Canada. AC Copia represents an improvement in test weight over other currently available Canadian cultivars of triticale. It is very resistant to the prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust and common bunt, and moderately resistant to common root rot. Key words: Cultivar description, test weight, triticale (spring), X Triticosecale Wittmack

scholarly journals Detection of genetic relationships among spring and winter triticale (× Triticosecale Witt.) and rye cultivars (Secale cereale L.) by using retrotransposon-based markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Trebichalský ◽  
R. Kalendar ◽  
A. Schulman ◽  
O. Stratula ◽  
Z. Gálová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Intron Polymorphism

In the present research, we aimed to detect and evaluate the level of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (WIS2, Wilma, Daniela, and Wham) intraspecific variability and intron polymorphism for β-amylase (BAMY) genes in 37 winter and 25 spring triticale cultivars coming from European countries and the USA and 5 Finnish rye cultivars. The triticale and rye genotypes differ significantly with respect to the patterns of the four explored LTR retrotransposons. A neighbour-joining dendrogram has separated all triticale and rye cultivars into three principal clusters: all winter triticale, all spring triticale and all rye cultivars. We have proved that retrotransposon-based markers can be used for differentiation of triticale and rye cultivars.

The quantitative relationship between telomeric heterochromatin and secalin synthesis in Secale cereale L.

Euphytica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. L. Owen ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin
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