Nondisjunction in canaries: data of Durham (1926)

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sittmann
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Breeding Experiment ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
William Bateson ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Evolution Committee ◽  
Royal Society Of London

The largest controlled breeding experiment with canaries, conducted 70 years ago under the auspices of William Bateson (F. M. Durham and D. C. E. Marryat, 1908. Royal Society of London, Reports to the Evolution Committee, Report 4: 57–60.), involved 1300 birds with either black or pink eye color. The difference is governed by two alleles at the Z-linked cinnamon locus. Crosses between pink-eyed males (bb) and black-eyed females (BW) produced unexpected pink sons and black daughters that are attributed to primary nondisjunction in meiosis II of spermatogenesis. Several interdependent estimates of the incidence of nondisjunction progeny range up to 16 ± 3%. Cytological evidence is lacking for Durham's (F. M. Durham. 1926. J. Get. 17: 19–32.) and other presumptive nondisjunction cases in the contemporary literature comprising canaries, doves, and pigeons.

scholarly journals IX. An account of trigonometrical operations in the years 1821, 1822 and 1823, for determining the difference of longitude between the Royal Observatories of Paris and Greenwich

1828 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 153-239 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Church ◽  
Royal Society Of London

In the year 1790, a series of trigonometrical operations was carried on by General Roy, in co-operation with Messrs. De Cassini, Mechain, and Legendre, for the purpose of connecting the meridians of Paris and Greenwich. In England, the work commenced with a base measured on Hounslow Heath, whence triangles were carried through Hanger Hill Tower and Severndroog Castle on Shooter’s Hill, to Fairlight Down, Folkstone Turnpike, and Dover Castle on the English coast; which last stations were connected with the church of Notre Dame at Calais, and with Blancnez and Montlambert upon the coast of France. An account of these operations will be found in the Philosophical Transactions for 1790. In the year 1821, the Royal Academy of Sciences and the Board of Longitude at Paris communicated to the Royal Society of London their desire, that the operations for connecting the meridians of Paris and Greenwich should be repeated jointly by both countries, and that commissioners should be nominated by the Royal Academy of Sciences and by the Royal Society of London for that purpose. This proposal having been readily acceded to, Messrs. Arago and Matthieu were chosen on the part of the Royal Academy of Sciences, and Lieut.-Colonel (then Captain) Colby and myself were appointed by the Royal Society to co-operate with them.

scholarly journals An account of trigonometrical operations in the Years 1821, 1822, and 1823, for determining the difference of longitude between the Royal Observatories of Paris and Greenwich

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Royal Society Of London

The first section of this paper contains a narrative of the proceedings of the Commission appointed for executing the object announced in the title. The first trigonometrical operations for connecting the meridians of Paris and Greenwich were carried on by General Roy, in cooperation with Messrs, de Cassini, Mechain, and Legendre, in the year 1790, an account of which was published in the Philosophical Transactions of that year. In 1821, the Royal Academy of Sciences, and Board of Longitude at Paris, communicated to the Royal Society of London their desire that these operations should be repeated, and the following Commissioners were nominated by these scientific bodies for that purpose; namely, Messrs. Arago and Mathieu, on the part of the Academy of Sciences; and Lieutenant-Colonel Colby and Captain Kater, on the part of the Royal Society.

XXV.—On the Disruptive Discharge of Electricity

1878 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-687
Author(s):  
Alexander Macfarlane ◽  
P. M. Playfair
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Glass Vessel ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Royal Society Of London

During the months of May and June of this session we have endeavoured to investigate certain questions suggested by our experience of the discharge of electricity through the gases and through oil of turpentine, for which purpose Dr Macfarlane had received a grant from the Royal Society of London.When paraffin oil (the kind employed for illuminating purposes) was put into a glass vessel, in which were two brass plates arranged in the form of a condenser, and when the plates were charged by means of the Holtz machine, it exhibited the same phenomena as oil of turpentine. Gas bubbles were produced; they did not appear until after the passage of the spark. Once produced, they facilitated the passage of the spark through bringing the electrified surfaces virtually nearer to one another. Hence, when taking observations of the difference of potential required to pass a spark through layers of different thickness of the oil, it was always necessary to remove the bubbles generated by the passage of one spark before electrifying again. This was effected by bringing the discs into contact.

Cuckoo chicks evicting their nest mates: coincidental observations by Edward Jenner in England and Antoine Joseph Lottinger in France

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer G. Sealy ◽  
Mélanie F. Guigueno
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Cuculus Canorus ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Cuckoo Chick ◽  
The Common ◽  
Made In ◽  
Royal Society Of London

For centuries, naturalists were aware that soon after hatching the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) chick became the sole occupant of the fosterer's nest. Most naturalists thought the adult cuckoo returned to the nest and removed or ate the fosterer's eggs and young, or the cuckoo chick crowded its nest mates out of the nest. Edward Jenner published the first description of cuckoo chicks evicting eggs and young over the side of the nest. Jenner's observations, made in England in 1786 and 1787, were published by the Royal Society of London in 1788. Four years before Jenner's observations, in 1782, Antoine Joseph Lottinger recorded eviction behaviour in France and published his observations in Histoire du coucou d'Europe, in 1795. The importance of Lottinger's and Jenner's observations is considered together.

III. On the figure, dimensions, and mean specific gravity of the Earth, as derived from the ordnance trigonometrical survey of Great Britain and Ireland

1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

The Trigonometrical Survey of the United Kingdom commenced in the year 1784, under the immediate auspices of the Royal Society; the first base was traced by General Roy on the 16th of April of that year, on Hounslow Heath, in presence of Sir Joseph Banks, then President of the Society, and some of its most distinguished Fellows. The principal object which the Government had then in view, was the connexion of the Observatories of Paris and Greenwich by means of a triangulation, for the purpose of determining the difference of longitude between the two observatories.

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