Monosomic alien addition lines of rice: production, morphology, cytology, and breeding behavior

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Jena ◽  
Gurdev S. Khush
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Rescue Technique ◽  
Interspecific Gene Transfer ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Interspecific hybrids between three breeding lines of Oryza sativa (2n = 24 = AA) and 18 accessions of O. officinalis (2n = 24 = CC) were obtained through an embryo-rescue technique. The crossability ranged from 1.0 to 2.3%. The AC hybrids showed a low amount of chromosome pairing (0–4 bivalents) and were completely male sterile. The BC1 progeny, obtained upon backcrossing to O. sativa were allotriploid (AAC) and were also male sterile. Further backcrosses to O. sativa produced 94 BC2 plants with chromosome numbers of 2n to 2n + 6. Monosomic alien addition lines (AA + 1C) corresponding to the 12 chromosomes of the haploid complement of O. officinalis were isolated from among forty 2n + 1 BC2 plants. These addition lines differ from their diploid sibs by an array of morphological features and resemble the 12 primary trisomics of O. sativa. The female transmission rates of alien chromosomes varied from 6.6 to 26.8%. Four of the 12 monosomic alien addition lines transmitted the alien chromosome through the male gametes.Key words: chromosome pairing, introgression, embryo rescue, allotriploid, genes for insect resistance, interspecific gene transfer.

scholarly journals Alien introgression and morpho-agronomic characterization of diploid progenies of Solanum lycopersicoides monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) toward pre-breeding applications in tomato (S. lycopersicum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Kaur Mangat ◽  
Junghyun Shim ◽  
Ritchel B. Gannaban ◽  
Joshua J. Singleton ◽  
Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicoides ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tomato Breeding ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Abstract Key message Alien introgressions that were captured in the genome of diploid plants segregating from progenies of monosomic alien addition lines of S. lycopersicoides confer novel phenotypes with commercial and agronomic value in tomato breeding. Abstract Solanum lycopersicoides is a wild relative of tomato with a natural adaptation to a wide array of biotic and abiotic challenges. In this study, we identified and characterized diploid plants segregating from the progenies of monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) of S. lycopersicoides to establish their potential as donors in breeding for target trait improvement in tomato. Molecular genotyping identified 28 of 38 MAAL progenies having the complete chromosome complement of the cultivated tomato parent and limited chromosome introgressions from the wild S. lycopersicoides parent. Analysis of SSR and indel marker profiles identified 34 unique alien introgressions in the 28 MAAL-derived introgression lines (MDILs) in the genetic background of tomato. Conserved patterns of alien introgressions were detected among sibs of MDILs 2, 3, 4 and 8. Across MDILs, a degree of preferential transmission of specific chromosome segments was also observed. Morphologically, the MDILs closely resembled the cultivated tomato more than S. lycopersicoides. The appearance of novel phenotypes in the MDILs that are lacking in the cultivated parent or the source MAALs indicates the capture of novel genetic variation by the diploid introgression lines that can add commercial and agronomic value to tomato. In particular, screening of representative MDILs for drought tolerance at the vegetative stage identified MDIL 2 and MDIL 11III as drought tolerant based on visual scoring. A regulated increase in stomatal conductance of MDIL 2 under drought stress indicates better water use efficiency that allowed it to survive for 7 days under 0% moisture level.

scholarly journals CYTOGENETICS OF FLOWER MODIFICATION OF A CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILE TOBACCO

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
D U Gerstel ◽  
J A Burns ◽  
S A Sand
Keyword(s):  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Chromosome Segment ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Nicotiana Debneyi

ABSTRACT Plants combining the cytoplasm of Nicotiana debneyi and the 48 chromosomes from N. tabacum are male sterile. Early backcross generations of the amphidiploid hybrid to male N. tabacum produced a great variety of plants from which a series of phenotypes with characteristic flower forms and transmission rates have been isolated. Type 1A possesses completely feminized stamens and deeply split corollas, breeds true when backcrossed to normal males and carries 48 N. tabacum chromosomes. Other phenotypes, 2C, 3E and 4H, range toward normal morphology of corollas and stamens. Like 1A, 2C forms no anther tissue and has 48 chromosomes. This type is transmitted to 36.3% of the backcross progeny, the remainder being of type 1A; presumably 2C carries a chromosome segment from N. debneyi that is responsible for the partial restoration of flower structure. In contrast, both 3E and 4H produce anthers and possess an extra chromosome. The extra chromosomes are transmitted to only 19.9% and 7.1% of the progeny, respectively. Significantly, the extra chromosomes found in the anther-forming types are nucleolus organizing and carry a satellite from N. debneyi. On the basis of these observations, we surmise that differentiation of anthers in plants with N. debneyi cytoplasm may depend on the presence of a nucleolus-organizing chromosome from that species. This chromosome is unstable; unaltered, it conditions a highly restored phenotype (4H), but when structurally modified, it may control different phenotypic expressions. Other examples of satellited restorer chromosomes had been reported for different cytoplasmically male-sterile combinations; therefore, the phenomenon may have more general significance.

Methods and Role of Embryo Rescue Technique in Alien Gene Transfer

2013 ◽  
pp. 77-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika M. Lulsdorf ◽  
Alison Ferrie ◽  
Susan M. H. Slater ◽  
Hai Ying Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Alien Gene Transfer ◽  
Rescue Technique ◽  
Alien Gene

Agromorphological and molecular analysis discloses wide genetic variability in sunflower breeding lines from USDA, USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Ramya ◽  
A. Vishnuvardhan Reddy ◽  
M. Sujatha
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Coefficient Matrix ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genetic Distance Matrix ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Fertility Restorers ◽  
Simple Sequence

The present study investigates genetic divergence among 84 fertility restorers and 32 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of sunflower augmented from USDA, USA along with the popular Indian parental lines using simple sequence repeats (SSR). Thirty-nine polymorphic SSR primers produced 139 alleles with an average of 3.56 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.23 to 0.69 with an average of 0.45. The average genetic distance was 0.45 and 0.42 for the R and CMS lines, respectively. Dendrogram based on the dissimilarity coefficient matrix grouped the CMS and R lines into separate clusters except for Cluster A which consisted of all CMS lines along with five R lines. Genetic distance matrix estimated from three sets of mitochondrial primers (BOX, ERIC and REP) grouped the 32 CMS lines into eight clusters. The results suggest the existence of considerable genetic diversity among the restorer and CMS lines of sunflower obtained from USDA, USA.

scholarly journals Enhanced Seed Germination of Ilex dumosa R. (Aquifoliaceae) through In Vitro Culture of Cut Pyrenes

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia R. Dolce ◽  
Luis A. Mroginski ◽  
Hebe Y. Rey
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Rescue Technique ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Scalpel Blade ◽  
Culture Protocol

An in vitro culture protocol was developed that increased the germination percentage and decreased the lag time to germination for Ilex dumosa R. pyrenes as a tool for replacing the laborious task of embryo rescue technique. This method involves transversely cutting surface-sterilized pyrenes with a scalpel blade, then placing the micropylar one-third end with the rudimentary embryo (≈0.25 mm long) on solidified (agar 0.65%) quarter-strength salts and vitamins of Murashige and Skoog, 1962 medium with 3% sucrose, and incubating in a growth room at 27 ± 2 °C with a 14-h photoperiod (116 μmol·m−2·s−1). Most of the cut pyrenes (greater than 50%) germinated within the first month after inoculation and achieved maximum germination (≈70%) in 2 months compared with whole pyrenes, which began to germinate 3 months after sowing and required more than 8 months for maximum germination (37%). Moreover, the germination percentage of cut pyrenes was significantly higher than the germination of isolated embryos (34%). Thus, the cut pyrenes culture is a simpler and more effective technique than embryo rescue. Easily, on average, a trained operator is able to culture ≈1000 cut pyrenes per day instead of ≈100 isolated embryos.

scholarly journals Assignment of DNA markers to Nicotiana sylvestris chromosomes using monosomic alien addition lines

1997 ◽  
Vol 94 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Suen ◽  
C. K. Wang ◽  
R. F. Lin ◽  
Y. Y. Kao ◽  
F. M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Nicotiana Sylvestris ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Overcoming crossing barriers between nontuber-bearing and tuber-bearing Solanum species: towards potato germplasm enhancement with a broad spectrum of solanaceous genetic resources

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Watanabe ◽  
M. Orrillo ◽  
S. Vega ◽  
J. P. T. Valkonen ◽  
E. Pehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Potato Germplasm

The first direct sexual hybrids between diploid nontuber-bearing species and diploid potato breeding lines are reported here. Three nontuberous species of Solanum, S. brevidens, S. etuberosum, and S. fernandezianum, were used for sexual crosses, achieved by a combination of rescue pollinations and embryo rescue. Initial hybrid selection was made using an embryo spot marker, followed by the evaluation of morphological and reproductive traits. Putative hybrids were first tested for resistance to potato leaf roll virus derived from the wild species, and then were tested with molecular markers using species-specific DNA probes. Finally, the tuberization of several 2x hybrids was tested for actual potato germplasm enhancement. These hybrids are unique in terms of their potential to enhance recombination between chromosomes of wild species and those of cultivated potatoes in germplasm utilization, and to exploit the genetic nature of tuber formation. The finding that nontuber-bearing Solanum spp. can be directly crossed with tuber-bearing species also has important implications for the regulatory aspects of the use of genetically modified organisms.Key words: nontuber-bearing Solanum, potato germplasm enhancement, interspecific crosses, chromosome manipulation, inter-EBN crosses, diploid.

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