Highly effective cell synchronization in plant roots by hydroxyurea and amiprophos-methyl or colchicine

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Pan ◽  
A. Houben ◽  
R. Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Cell Synchronization ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Minimum Distortion ◽  
Barley Cell ◽  
Chromosome Spreading

Effective somatic cell synchronization in root-tip meristems and improved chromosome spreading were achieved in white campion, wheat, rye, and barley by application of hydroxyurea and amiprophos-methyl or colchicine, combined with a pretreatment of ice water and modified fixative, as well as enzymatic digestion of the meristems. The protocol provides metaphase indices of approximately 50%. The chromosomes and chromosomal DNA were with minimum distortion, providing useful material for chromosome banding studies, in situ DNA–DNA hybridization, microdissection, and microcloning.Key words: Melandrium album, rye, wheat, barley, cell cycle, root meristem, synchronization, metaphase index, chromosome preparation.

scholarly journals Chromosome Banding and Heterochromatin in Vicia Faba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Roland Elliston Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Secondary Constriction ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Late Replication ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Chromosome Segments

<p>This study documents the distribution of bands in Vicia faba root-tip chromosomes as shown by acid treatment, quinacrine mustard fluorescence, various forms of Giemsa banding and orcein banding methods, and demonstrates the coincidence of these bands with the position of heterochromatin as shown by cold treatment and late replication. Heterochromatin in the large metacentric M chromosome is located in two areas: (a) around the centromere and (b) adjacent to the secondary constriction. The latter is not late-replicating but is judged to represent classical nucleolus-associated heterochromatin. Heterochromatin in the smaller sub-telocentric S chromosomes is located in the intercalary and proximal areas of their long arms and in the short arm of two chromosomes. The variable expression of particular chromosome segments with different banding techniques testifies to certain differences between heterochromatic regions and emphasizes the existence of several classes of heterochromatin. In situ molecular hybridization of labelled complementary RNA to chromosomal DNA indicates the presence of repetitive DNA in both euchromatin and heterochromatin of the V. faba genome.</p>

scholarly journals Chromosome Banding and Heterochromatin in Vicia Faba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Roland Elliston Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Secondary Constriction ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Late Replication ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Chromosome Segments

<p>This study documents the distribution of bands in Vicia faba root-tip chromosomes as shown by acid treatment, quinacrine mustard fluorescence, various forms of Giemsa banding and orcein banding methods, and demonstrates the coincidence of these bands with the position of heterochromatin as shown by cold treatment and late replication. Heterochromatin in the large metacentric M chromosome is located in two areas: (a) around the centromere and (b) adjacent to the secondary constriction. The latter is not late-replicating but is judged to represent classical nucleolus-associated heterochromatin. Heterochromatin in the smaller sub-telocentric S chromosomes is located in the intercalary and proximal areas of their long arms and in the short arm of two chromosomes. The variable expression of particular chromosome segments with different banding techniques testifies to certain differences between heterochromatic regions and emphasizes the existence of several classes of heterochromatin. In situ molecular hybridization of labelled complementary RNA to chromosomal DNA indicates the presence of repetitive DNA in both euchromatin and heterochromatin of the V. faba genome.</p>

A new method for the in situ assay of α-glucosidase activity and inhibitor screening through an enzyme substrate-mediated DNA hybridization chain reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (24) ◽  
pp. 9458-9465
Author(s):  
Xiquan Yue ◽  
Lihong Su ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Junfeng Liu ◽  
Longpo Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
New Method ◽  
Hybridization Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Inhibitor Screening ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
In Situ Assay

The strategy is based on small molecule-mediated hybridization chain reaction.

scholarly journals Microfluidic extraction and stretching of chromosomal DNA from single cell nuclei for DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhu Wang ◽  
Shin-ichiro Takebayashi ◽  
Evans Bernardin ◽  
David M. Gilbert ◽  
Ravindran Chella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Chromosomal Dna

Ice-Phase Precipitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 6.1-6.36 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gultepe ◽  
A. J. Heymsfield ◽  
P. R. Field ◽  
D. Axisa
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Microphysical Parameters ◽  
Mass Size ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Ice Phase

AbstractIce-phase precipitation occurs at Earth’s surface and may include various types of pristine crystals, rimed crystals, freezing droplets, secondary crystals, aggregates, graupel, hail, or combinations of any of these. Formation of ice-phase precipitation is directly related to environmental and cloud meteorological parameters that include available moisture, temperature, and three-dimensional wind speed and turbulence, as well as processes related to nucleation, cooling rate, and microphysics. Cloud microphysical parameters in the numerical models are resolved based on various processes such as nucleation, mixing, collision and coalescence, accretion, riming, secondary ice particle generation, turbulence, and cooling processes. These processes are usually parameterized based on assumed particle size distributions and ice crystal microphysical parameters such as mass, size, and number and mass density. Microphysical algorithms in the numerical models are developed based on their need for applications. Observations of ice-phase precipitation are performed using in situ and remote sensing platforms, including radars and satellite-based systems. Because of the low density of snow particles with small ice water content, their measurements and predictions at the surface can include large uncertainties. Wind and turbulence affecting collection efficiency of the sensors, calibration issues, and sensitivity of ground-based in situ observations of snow are important challenges to assessing the snow precipitation. This chapter’s goals are to provide an overview for accurately measuring and predicting ice-phase precipitation. The processes within and below cloud that affect falling snow, as well as the known sources of error that affect understanding and prediction of these processes, are discussed.

Cytological evidence bearing on the origin of the B genome in polyploid wheats

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kerby ◽  
J. Kuspira
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
The One ◽  
Genome Donors ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

To help elucidate the origin of the B genome in polyploid wheats, karyotypes of Triticum turgidum, Triticum monoccum, and all six purported B genome donors were compared. The analysis utilized a common cytological procedure that employed the most advanced equipment for the measurement of chromosome lengths at metaphase in root tip cells. A comparison of the karyotypes of T. turgidum and T. monococcum permitted the identification of B genome chromosomes of T. turgidum. These consist of two SAT pairs, one ST pair, three SM pairs, and one M pair of homologues. Comparisons of the chromosomes of the B genome of T. turgidum with the karyotypes of the six putative B genome donors showed that only the karyotype of Aegilops searsii was similar to the one deduced for the donor of the B genome in T. turgidum, suggesting that Ae. searsii is, therefore, the most likely donor of the B genome to the polyploid wheats. Support for this conclusion has been derived from geographic, DNA-hybridization, karyotype, morphological, and protein data reported since 1977. Reasons why the B genome donor has not been unequivocally identified are discussed.Key words: phylogeny, karyotypes, Triticum turgidum, Triticum monococcum, B genome, B genome donors.

Detection of C. Trachomatis by in Situ DNA Hybridization: Report of Two Cases with Neonatal Pneumonia

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
.Makiko Ohyama ◽  
Yukichi Tanaka ◽  
Yoshiro Sasaki ◽  
Akiko Goto
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization
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