Detection of intergenomic translocations with centromeric and noncentromeric breakpoints in Triticum araraticum: mechanism of origin and adaptive significance

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 976-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekatherina D. Badaeva ◽  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Triticum Araraticum

Triticum araraticum Jakubz. (2n = 4x = 28, AtAtGG), a wild progenitor of the polyploid cultivated wheat T. timopheevii, shows extensive chromosome translocation polymorphism in natural populations from the Middle East and Transcaucasia. From an extensive survey, eight intergenomic translocation types were observed and their breakpoints analyzed by genomic in situ hybridization. The previously reported species-specific 6At–1G–4G cyclic translocation was found in all accessions studied. In four translocation types, the breakpoints were in interstitial regions of chromosomes and the other four arose via centric–breakage–fusion. A model is presented on the mechanism of origin and the adaptive significance of translocations with centromeric and noncentromeric breakpoints.Key words: intraspecific diversity, intergenomic translocations, Triticum araraticum.

Visualization of U and M genome chromosomes by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization in Aegilops biuncialis and Triticum aestivum-Ae. biuncialis amphiploids

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Molnár ◽  
M. Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
M Genome ◽  
Genome Donors ◽  
Labelling Method

The multicolour genomic in situ hybridization (mcGISH) method was improved in order to visualize the U b and M b genomes of Aegilops biuncialis Vis. (2n=4x=28, U b U b M b M b ). Hybridization probes prepared from the diploid U and M genome donors, Ae. umbellulata and Ae. comosa , resulted in clear hybridization signals on the U and M chromosomes in Ae. biuncialis . The random primed labelling method made it possible to decrease the blocking ratio to 1:30. McGISH allowed the simultaneous discrimination of individual Ae. biuncialis genomes and wheat chromosomes in γ-irradiated Triticum aestivum-Ae. biuncialis amphiploids (2n=70; AABBDDU b U b M b M b ). Dicentric chromosomes, terminal and interstitial translocations and centric fusions were detected in the irradiated generation. The irradiation-induced wheat- Ae. biuncialis intergenomic translocations will facilitate the successful introgression of useful agronomic traits into bread wheat.

Genomic in situ hybridization differentiates between A/D- and C-genome chromatin and detects intergenomic translocations in polyploid oat species (genus Avena)

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Jellen ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
T. S. Cox
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Total Dna

The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was used to discriminate between chromosomes of the C genome and those of the A and A/D genomes in allopolyploid oat species (genus Avena). Total biotinylated DNA from A. strigosa (2n = 2x = 14, AsAs genome) was mixed with sheared, unlabelled total DNA from A. eriantha (2n = 2x = 14, CpCp) at a ratio of 1:200 (labelled to unlabelled). The resulting hybridization pattern consisted of 28 mostly labelled and 14 mostly unlabelled chromosomes in the hexaploids. Attempts to discriminate between chromosomes of the A and D genomes in A. sativa (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) were unsuccessful using GISH. At least eight intergenomic translocation segments were detected in A. sativa 'Ogle', several of which were not observed in A. byzantina 'Kanota' (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) or in A. sterilis CW 439-2 (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD). At least five intergenomic translocation segments were observed in A. maroccana CI 8330 'Magna' (2n = 4x = 28, AACC). In both 'Ogle' and 'Magna', positions of most of these translocations matched with C-banding patterns.Key words: Avena sativa, oat, in situ hybridization, C-banding, Avena macrostachya.

Genomic constitution and intergenomic translocations in the Elymus dahuricus complex revealed by multicolor GISH

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cairong Yang ◽  
Haiqin Zhang ◽  
Weihuan Chen ◽  
Houyang Kang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Species Specific

Multicolor genomic in situ hybridization was used to investigate the genomic constitution and intergenomic translocations in the Elymus dahuricus complex. The genomic constitution of species of the E. dahuricus complex was confirmed as StYH. H/Y and H/St intergenomic translocations were identified in the present study, with 7H and 1Y chromosomes involved in reciprocal translocations for all the accessions investigated in the complex. We propose that the translocations in the E. dahuricus complex are species-specific, associated with allopolyploidy, and may serve as important structural alterations for allopolyploid stability. Furthermore, they may help to restore fertility and nucleocytoplasmic compatibility in a newly formed polyploid and facilitate the successful establishment of E. dahuricus as a stable species. It was found that more chromosomes were involved in translocations and more types of intergenomic translocations were observed in the high altitude (4150 m) population Y 2228 than in populations from relatively lower altitudes (2600–3800 m). We speculate that more complicated genomic changes were associated with escalating altitudes in the Tibetan Plateau. These genomic changes contribute to promote the genetic variability and enable the newly formed allopolyploids to adapt to more changeable and harsher environments during the evolution of a polyploid species, thus facilitating their rapid and successful establishment in nature.

Detection of intergenomic chromosome rearrangements in irradiated Triticum aestivum – Aegilops biuncialis amphiploids by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Molnár ◽  
Elena Benavente ◽  
Márta Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations

The frequency and pattern of irradiation-induced intergenomic chromosome rearrangements were analysed in the mutagenized (M0) and the first selfed (M1) generations of Triticum aestivum  L. – Aegilops biuncialis Vis. amphiploids (2n = 70, AABBDDUbUbMbMb) by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization (mcGISH). mcGISH allowed the simultaneous discrimination of individual Ae. biuncialis genomes and wheat chromosomes. Dicentric chromosomes, fragments, and terminal translocations were most frequently induced by γ-irradiation, but centric fusions and internal exchanges were also more abundant in the treated plants than in control amphiploids. Rearrangements involving the Ub genome (Ub-type aberrations) were more frequent than those involving the Mb genome (Mb-type aberrations). This irradiation sensitivity of the Ub chromosomes was attributed to their centromeric or near-centromeric regions, since Ub-type centric fusions were significantly more abundant than Mb-type centric fusions at all irradiation doses. Dicentrics completely disappeared, but centric fusions and translocations were well transmitted from M0 to M1. Identification of specific chromosomes involved in some rearrangements was attempted by sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization with a mix of repeated DNA probes and GISH on the same slide. The irradiated amphiploids formed fewer seeds than untreated plants, but normal levels of fertility were recovered in their offspring. The irradiation-induced wheat – Ae. biuncialis intergenomic translocations will facilitate the successful introgression of drought tolerance and other alien traits into bread wheat.

Genome analysis of seven species of Kengyilia (Triticeae: Poaceae) with FISH and GISH

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanwen Dou ◽  
Richard R.-C. Wang ◽  
Yuting Lei ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Molecular Karyotype ◽  
Species Specific

The genome compositions and genetic relationships of seven species of Kengyilia were assessed using a sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique. Five species, K. kokonorica, K. rigidula, K. hirsuta, K. grandiglumis, and K. thoroldiana, are native to Qinghai (China). The other two, K. alatavica and K. batalinii, are distributed in Xinjiang (China) and Kyrgyzstan, respectively. Each chromosome could be easily identified using chromosome markers (45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, pAs1, and AAG repeats) by FISH and allocated to the St, P, or Y genome by GISH. Molecular karyotype comparison indicated that K. alatavica and K. batalinii were distinct from the Qinghai species in all three genomes. These results support that the species of Kengyilia from Central Asia and the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau have independent origins. Genomic differentiation was still detected among the species of Kengyilia from Qinghai. Specifically, a common species-specific pericentric inversion was identified in both K. grandiglumis and K. thoroldiana, and an identical St-P non-Robertsonian translocation was frequently detected in K. hirsuta. The Qinghai species formed three genetic groups, K. kokonorica–K. rigidula, K. hirsuta, and K. grandiglumis–K. thoroldiana. The possible role of species-specific inversions and translocations in the evolution of StPY species is discussed.

GISHGenomic in situ hybridization reveals cryptic genetic differences between maize and its putative wild progenitor Zea mays subsp. parviglumis

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gonzalez ◽  
V Confalonieri ◽  
C Comas ◽  
C A Naranjo ◽  
L Poggio
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Chromosome Regions

The aim of this paper is to test with genomic in situ hybridization the genomic affinities between maize and its putative progenitor Zea mays subsp. parviglumis. Blocking procedures were applied for the purpose of improving discrimination among chromosome regions. Unlabeled genomic DNA from Z. mays subsp. parviglumis as a blocking agent and labeled genomic DNA from maize were hybridized on maize chromosomes. On the other hand, mitotic metaphases from Z. mays subsp. parviglumis were blocked with unlabeled genomic DNA of maize and hybridized with labeled genomic DNA from Z. mays subsp. parviglumis. Both experiments showed that either maize or Z. mays subsp. parviglumis chromosomes have their own unique sequences. This means an unexpected degree of divergence if Z. mays subsp. parviglumis is the only progenitor of maize, a result that is discussed in relation to our previous genomic in situ hybridization observations and to the different scenarios proposed about the origin of maize.Key words: evolutionary relationships, Zea mays subsp. mays, teosinte, Tripsacum, molecular cytogenetics, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH).

Genome organization of Brassica napus and Lesquerella fendleri and analysis of their somatic hybrids using genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Skarzhinskaya ◽  
Jan Fahleson ◽  
Kristina Glimelius ◽  
Armand Mouras
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Lesquerella Fendleri ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Transformed Root Cultures ◽  
Asymmetric Fusion

Construction of Brassica napus (2n = 38) and Lesquerella fendleri (2n = 12) karyotypes revealed that B. napus contains 10 pairs of metacentric, 5 pairs of submetacentric, and 4 pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes, while L. fendleri contains 6 pairs of metacentric chromosomes that are, on average, 1.5 times longer than those of B. napus. By analysing the karyotypes and performing genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), the chromosome complements of somatic hybrids produced between Brassica napus (+) Lesquerella fendleri were studied. Protoplasts fused with no pretreatment, symmetric fusions, resulted in hybrids containing L. fendleri chromosomes in numbers varying from 2 chromosomes to 2 chromosome complements. In the asymmetric fusion experiments, in which L. fendleri protoplasts were irradiated before fusion, plants with from 38 to more than 76 chromosomes were obtained. In the hybrids with 38 chromosomes, the presence of L. fendleri chromosomes was not detected by GISH analysis, even though L. fendleri DNA was revealed by Southern blotting. Intra- and inter-genomic recombinations were observed in hybrids from both symmetric and asymmetric fusions. The rearrangements were more prevalent in plants resulting from asymmetric fusions. Modifications of the phenotype and reduced fertility of the hybrid plants were correlated with increased dosages of the L. fendleri genome. At least one genome complement of L. fendleri was required to express its morphological features.Key words: Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed root cultures, Brassica napus, Lesquerella fendleri, somatic hybrids, chromosome translocation.

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