Genome analysis of seven species of Kengyilia (Triticeae: Poaceae) with FISH and GISH

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanwen Dou ◽  
Richard R.-C. Wang ◽  
Yuting Lei ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Molecular Karyotype ◽  
Species Specific

The genome compositions and genetic relationships of seven species of Kengyilia were assessed using a sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique. Five species, K. kokonorica, K. rigidula, K. hirsuta, K. grandiglumis, and K. thoroldiana, are native to Qinghai (China). The other two, K. alatavica and K. batalinii, are distributed in Xinjiang (China) and Kyrgyzstan, respectively. Each chromosome could be easily identified using chromosome markers (45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, pAs1, and AAG repeats) by FISH and allocated to the St, P, or Y genome by GISH. Molecular karyotype comparison indicated that K. alatavica and K. batalinii were distinct from the Qinghai species in all three genomes. These results support that the species of Kengyilia from Central Asia and the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau have independent origins. Genomic differentiation was still detected among the species of Kengyilia from Qinghai. Specifically, a common species-specific pericentric inversion was identified in both K. grandiglumis and K. thoroldiana, and an identical St-P non-Robertsonian translocation was frequently detected in K. hirsuta. The Qinghai species formed three genetic groups, K. kokonorica–K. rigidula, K. hirsuta, and K. grandiglumis–K. thoroldiana. The possible role of species-specific inversions and translocations in the evolution of StPY species is discussed.

Molecular contribution to selection of intergeneric hybrids between sugarcane and the wild species Erianthus arundinaceus

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Piperidis ◽  
Mandy J Christopher ◽  
Bernie J Carroll ◽  
Nils Berding ◽  
Angélique D'Hont
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Rdna Cluster ◽  
Erianthus Arundinaceus

Erianthus arundinaceus has great potential as a germplasm source for better ratoonability, vigour, tolerance to environmental stresses, and disease resistance in sugarcane. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to introduce these characters into modern sugarcane cultivars. We report on significant progress made since molecular tools were implemented. Sequence-tagged PCR, revealing size variation in the 5S rDNA cluster, was performed on intact leaf tissue to identify genuine hybrids six weeks after germination. This early screening of seedlings avoids the loss of genuine hybrids due to competition with selfed progeny. Of 96 crosses made involving female Saccharum officinarum or sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp.) and male E. arundinaceus, 26 were fertile producing 1328 seedlings. Thirty-seven genuine hybrids were unequivocally identified but only 19 have survived. Genuine hybrids were produced from only three crosses, all involving S. officinarum as the female parent. Chromosome elimination was observed in all seven hybrids analyzed using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Very little cross-hybridization was observed between the genomes of the two species after GISH, confirming recent molecular studies which showed that E. arundinaceus is quite distant from the genus Saccharum. The major limitation in the introgression of E. arundinaceus resides now in the apparent sterility of the hybrids.Key words: sugarcane, Erianthus, intergeneric hybrid, genomic in situ hybridization, 5S rDNA, sequence-tagged PCR.

Isolation of a new species-specific repetitive sequence from Thinopyrum elongatum and its use in the studies of alien translocations

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bournival ◽  
M. Obanni ◽  
A. Abad ◽  
H. Ohm ◽  
S. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

A new repetitive sequence that is extremely abundant and well dispersed in the Thinopyrum elongatum genome but present in low-copy number in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been isolated. This repeat and a Th. elongatum repeat isolated in another laboratory were used to identify cosmid genomic clones containing the repeats and, thus, putatively located on a Th. elongatum/T. aestivum translocation arm. Most of the selected cosmids contained single-or low-copy sequences, making them potentially useful in mapping studies. The repeats were used in deletion mapping to deduce gene order of three genes located on the Th. elongatum translocation arm. In situ hybridization studies suggested that this newly identified Th. elongatum repeat is well dispersed throughout the Thinopyrum genome but present at only one location in wheat. This raises some interesting questions about the role of such repetitive elements in the evolution of grass species.Key words: species-specific repeats, wheat, wheatgrass, Agropyron elongatum, in situ hybridization.

Synthesis and cytological characterization of trigeneric hybrids of durum wheat with and without Ph1

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem P Jauhar ◽  
M Doğramaci ◽  
T S Peterson
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Alien Gene Transfer ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Alien Gene ◽  
Trigeneric Hybrids

Wild grasses in the tribe Triticeae, some in the primary or secondary gene pool of wheat, are excellent reservoirs of genes for superior agronomic traits, including resistance to various diseases. Thus, the diploid wheatgrasses Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14; JJ genome) and Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome) are important sources of genes for disease resistance, e.g., Fusarium head blight resistance that may be transferred to wheat. By crossing fertile amphidiploids (2n = 4x = 28; JJEE) developed from F1 hybrids of the 2 diploid species with appropriate genetic stocks of durum wheat, we synthesized trigeneric hybrids (2n = 4x = 28; ABJE) incorporating both the J and E genomes of the grass species with the durum genomes A and B. Trigeneric hybrids with and without the homoeologous-pairing suppressor gene, Ph1, were produced. In the absence of Ph1, the chances of genetic recombination between chromosomes of the 2 useful grass genomes (JE) and those of the durum genomes (AB) would be enhanced. Meiotic chromosome pairing was studied using both conventional staining and fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH). As expected, the Ph1-intergeneric hybrids showed low chromosome pairing (23.86% of the complement), whereas the trigenerics with ph1b (49.49%) and those with their chromosome 5B replaced by 5D (49.09%) showed much higher pairing. The absence of Ph1 allowed pairing and, hence, genetic recombination between homoeologous chromosomes. Fl-GISH analysis afforded an excellent tool for studying the specificity of chromosome pairing: wheat with grass, wheat with wheat, or grass with grass. In the trigeneric hybrids that lacked chromosome 5B, and hence lacked the Ph1 gene, the wheat–grass pairing was elevated, i.e., 2.6 chiasmata per cell, a welcome feature from the breeding standpoint. Using Langdon 5D(5B) disomic substitution for making trigeneric hybrids should promote homoeologous pairing between durum and grass chromosomes and hence accelerate alien gene transfer into the durum genomes.Key words: alien gene transfer, chiasma (xma) frequency, chromosome pairing, fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-GISH), homoeologous-pairing regulator, specificity of chromosome pairing, wheatgrass.

Genome constitutions ofRoegneriaalashanica,R.elytrigioides,R.magnicaespesandR.grandis(Poaceae: Triticeae) via genomic in-situ hybridization

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Qing Yu ◽  
Chun Zhang ◽  
Chun-Bang Ding ◽  
Hai-Qin Zhang ◽  
Yong-Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization

scholarly journals Expression and localization of the mRNA for DNA (cytosine-5)- methyltransferase in mouse seminiferous tubules.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Numata ◽  
T Ono ◽  
S Iseki
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DNA MTase) is the only enzyme known to be involved in the methylation of mammalian DNA. Although the expression of DNA MTase gene is abundant in the testis, little is known about the role of this enzyme during spermatogenesis. We examined the distribution of DNA MTase mRNA in mouse testis by in situ hybridization histochemistry with an oligonucleotide probe. The mRNA signal was observed in the seminiferous tubules and was localized predominantly in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, particularly during the earlier steps of meiotic prophase I, with maximal intensity in the early pachytene cells. These results suggest some significant role for DNA MTase in spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Expression and role of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 2 in the regulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 in the mammalian kidney

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. F1496-F1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Pao ◽  
Aditi Bhargava ◽  
Francesca Di Sole ◽  
Raymond Quigley ◽  
Xinli Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Mammalian Kidney ◽  
Tubule Cells ◽  
Exchange Activity

Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 2 (sgk2) is 80% identical to the kinase domain of sgk1, an important mediator of mineralocorticoid-regulated sodium (Na+) transport in the distal nephron of the kidney. The expression pattern and role in renal function of sgk2 are virtually uncharacterized. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of rodent kidney coupled with real-time RT-PCR of microdissected rat kidney tubules showed robust sgk2 expression in the proximal straight tubule and thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Sgk2 expression was minimal in distal tubule cells with aquaporin-2 immunostaining but significant in proximal tubule cells with Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) immunostaining. To ascertain whether mineralocorticoids regulate expression of sgk2 in a manner similar to sgk1, we examined sgk2 mRNA expression in the kidneys of adrenalectomized rats treated with physiological doses of aldosterone together with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization showed that, unlike sgk1, sgk2 expression in the kidney was not altered by aldosterone treatment. Based on the observation that sgk2 is expressed in proximal tubule cells that also express NHE3, we asked whether sgk2 regulates NHE3 activity. We heterologously expressed sgk2 in opossum kidney (OKP) cells and measured Na+/H+ exchange activity by Na+-dependent cell pH recovery. Constitutively active sgk2, but not sgk1, stimulated Na+/H+ exchange activity by >30%. Moreover, the sgk2-mediated increase in Na+/H+ exchange activity correlated with an increase in cell surface expression of NHE3. Together, these results suggest that the pattern of expression, regulation, and role of sgk2 within the mammalian kidney are distinct from sgk1 and that sgk2 may play a previously unrecognized role in the control of transtubular Na+ transport through NHE3 in the proximal tubule.

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