Visualization of U and M genome chromosomes by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization in Aegilops biuncialis and Triticum aestivum-Ae. biuncialis amphiploids

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Molnár ◽  
M. Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
M Genome ◽  
Genome Donors ◽  
Labelling Method

The multicolour genomic in situ hybridization (mcGISH) method was improved in order to visualize the U b and M b genomes of Aegilops biuncialis Vis. (2n=4x=28, U b U b M b M b ). Hybridization probes prepared from the diploid U and M genome donors, Ae. umbellulata and Ae. comosa , resulted in clear hybridization signals on the U and M chromosomes in Ae. biuncialis . The random primed labelling method made it possible to decrease the blocking ratio to 1:30. McGISH allowed the simultaneous discrimination of individual Ae. biuncialis genomes and wheat chromosomes in γ-irradiated Triticum aestivum-Ae. biuncialis amphiploids (2n=70; AABBDDU b U b M b M b ). Dicentric chromosomes, terminal and interstitial translocations and centric fusions were detected in the irradiated generation. The irradiation-induced wheat- Ae. biuncialis intergenomic translocations will facilitate the successful introgression of useful agronomic traits into bread wheat.

Detection of intergenomic chromosome rearrangements in irradiated Triticum aestivum – Aegilops biuncialis amphiploids by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Molnár ◽  
Elena Benavente ◽  
Márta Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Dicentric Chromosomes ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations

The frequency and pattern of irradiation-induced intergenomic chromosome rearrangements were analysed in the mutagenized (M0) and the first selfed (M1) generations of Triticum aestivum  L. – Aegilops biuncialis Vis. amphiploids (2n = 70, AABBDDUbUbMbMb) by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization (mcGISH). mcGISH allowed the simultaneous discrimination of individual Ae. biuncialis genomes and wheat chromosomes. Dicentric chromosomes, fragments, and terminal translocations were most frequently induced by γ-irradiation, but centric fusions and internal exchanges were also more abundant in the treated plants than in control amphiploids. Rearrangements involving the Ub genome (Ub-type aberrations) were more frequent than those involving the Mb genome (Mb-type aberrations). This irradiation sensitivity of the Ub chromosomes was attributed to their centromeric or near-centromeric regions, since Ub-type centric fusions were significantly more abundant than Mb-type centric fusions at all irradiation doses. Dicentrics completely disappeared, but centric fusions and translocations were well transmitted from M0 to M1. Identification of specific chromosomes involved in some rearrangements was attempted by sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization with a mix of repeated DNA probes and GISH on the same slide. The irradiated amphiploids formed fewer seeds than untreated plants, but normal levels of fertility were recovered in their offspring. The irradiation-induced wheat – Ae. biuncialis intergenomic translocations will facilitate the successful introgression of drought tolerance and other alien traits into bread wheat.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization ofAegilops biuncialisand its use for the identification of 5 derived wheat – Aegilops biuncialisdisomic addition lines

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamária Schneider ◽  
Gabriella Linc ◽  
István Molnár ◽  
Márta Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Aegilops Umbellulata ◽  
Aegilops Comosa ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
M Genome

The aim of the experiments was to produce and identify different Triticum aestivum – Aegilops biuncialis disomic addition lines. To facilitate the exact identification of the Ae. biuncialis chromosomes in these Triticum aestivum – Ae. biuncialis disomic additions, it was necessary to analyze the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) pattern of Ae. biuncialis (2n = 4x = 28, UbUbMbMb), comparing it with the diploid progenitors (Aegilops umbellulata, 2n = 2x = 14, UU and Aegilops comosa, 2n = 2x = 14, MM). To identify the Ae. biuncialis chromosomes, FISH was carried out using 2 DNA clones (pSc119.2 and pAs1) on Ae. biuncialis and its 2 diploid progenitor species. Differences in the hybridization patterns of all chromosomes were observed among the 4 Ae. umbellulata accessions, the 4 Ae. comosa accessions, and the 3 Ae. biuncialis accessions analyzed. The hybridization pattern of the M genome was more variable than that of the U genome. Five different wheat – Ae. biuncialis addition lines were produced from the wheat – Ae. biuncialis amphiploids produced earlier in Martonvásár. The 2M, 3M, 7M, 3U, and 5U chromosome pairs were identified with FISH using 3 repetitive DNA clones (pSc119.2, pAs1, and pTa71) in the disomic chromosome additions produced. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to differentiate the Ae. biuncialis chromosomes from wheat, but no chromosome rearrangements between wheat and Ae. biuncialis were detected in the addition lines.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Aegilops biuncialis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, genomic in situ hybridization, wheat – Aegilops biuncialis addition lines.

Detection of intergenomic translocations with centromeric and noncentromeric breakpoints in Triticum araraticum: mechanism of origin and adaptive significance

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 976-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekatherina D. Badaeva ◽  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Triticum Araraticum

Triticum araraticum Jakubz. (2n = 4x = 28, AtAtGG), a wild progenitor of the polyploid cultivated wheat T. timopheevii, shows extensive chromosome translocation polymorphism in natural populations from the Middle East and Transcaucasia. From an extensive survey, eight intergenomic translocation types were observed and their breakpoints analyzed by genomic in situ hybridization. The previously reported species-specific 6At–1G–4G cyclic translocation was found in all accessions studied. In four translocation types, the breakpoints were in interstitial regions of chromosomes and the other four arose via centric–breakage–fusion. A model is presented on the mechanism of origin and the adaptive significance of translocations with centromeric and noncentromeric breakpoints.Key words: intraspecific diversity, intergenomic translocations, Triticum araraticum.

Detection of maize DNA sequences amplified in wheat

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Bernd Friebe ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes

Genomic in situ hybridization to somatic metaphase chromosomes of hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring using biotinylated maize genomic DNA as a probe revealed the existence of amplified maize DNA sequences in five pairs of chromosomes. The in situ hybridization sites were located on chromosomes 1A, 7A, 2B, 3B, and 7B. One pair of in situ hybridization sites was also observed in hexaploid oat. The locations and sizes of in situ hybridization sites varied among progenitor species.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, shared DNA sequences, genomic in situ hybridization.

Identification of introgressed segments conferring disease resistance in a tetrageneric hybrid of Triticum, Secale, Thinopyrum, and Avena

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunxue Tang ◽  
Jiajun Zhuang ◽  
Yuxiang Wen ◽  
Shanjiang Abydylla Ai ◽  
Hongjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Wide Hybridization ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium

Using genomic in situ hybridization to chromosomes, we identified introgressed segments in a tetrageneric hybrid of Triticum, Avena, Thinopyrum, and Secale, which conferred high resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, powdery mildew, and root rot to wheat. The disease-resistance traits of the hybrid originated from three wild related genera of Triticum, namely Avena, Thinopyrum, and Secale. The new breeding system that combined traditional wide hybridization with anther culture was efficient and rapid in creating wheat germplasms resistant to major diseases.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Avena fatua, Thinopyrum intermedium, Secale cereale, wide hybridization, anther culture, genomic in situ hybridization, GISH.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Resistance to Powdery Mildew of Wheat–Aegilops geniculata Roth 7Mg (7A) Alien Disomic Substitution Line W16998

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Yajuan Wang ◽  
Deyu Long ◽  
Yanzhen Wang ◽  
Changyou Wang ◽  
Xinlun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Aegilops Geniculata ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sequential Fish

Aegilops geniculata Roth has been used as a donor of disease-resistance genes, to enrich the gene pool for wheat (Triticum aestivum) improvement through distant hybridization. In this study, the wheat–Ae. geniculata alien disomic substitution line W16998 was obtained from the BC1F8 progeny of a cross between the common wheat ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) and Ae. geniculata Roth (serial number: SY159//CS). This line was identified using cytogenetic techniques, analysis of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), functional molecular markers (Expressed sequence tag-sequence-tagged site (EST–STS) and PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization–genomic in situ hybridization (sequential FISH–GISH), and assessment of agronomic traits and powdery mildew resistance. During the anaphase of meiosis, these were evenly distributed on both sides of the equatorial plate, and they exhibited high cytological stability during the meiotic metaphase and anaphase. GISH analysis indicated that W16998 contained a pair of Ae. geniculata alien chromosomes and 40 common wheat chromosomes. One EST–STS marker and seven PLUG marker results showed that the introduced chromosomes of Ae. geniculata belonged to homoeologous group 7. Nullisomic–tetrasomic analyses suggested that the common wheat chromosome, 7A, was absent in W16998. FISH and sequential FISH–GISH analyses confirmed that the introduced Ae. geniculata chromosome was 7Mg. Therefore, W16998 was a wheat–Ae. geniculata 7Mg (7A) alien disomic substitution line. Inoculation of isolate E09 (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) in the seedling stage showed that SY159 and W16998 were resistant to powdery mildew, indeed nearly immune, whereas CS was highly susceptible. Compared to CS, W16998 exhibited increased grain weight and more spikelets, and a greater number of superior agronomic traits. Consequently, W16998 was potentially useful. Germplasms transfer new disease-resistance genes and prominent agronomic traits into common wheat, giving the latter some fine properties for breeding.

Genomic in situ hybridization differentiates between A/D- and C-genome chromatin and detects intergenomic translocations in polyploid oat species (genus Avena)

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Jellen ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
T. S. Cox
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Total Dna

The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was used to discriminate between chromosomes of the C genome and those of the A and A/D genomes in allopolyploid oat species (genus Avena). Total biotinylated DNA from A. strigosa (2n = 2x = 14, AsAs genome) was mixed with sheared, unlabelled total DNA from A. eriantha (2n = 2x = 14, CpCp) at a ratio of 1:200 (labelled to unlabelled). The resulting hybridization pattern consisted of 28 mostly labelled and 14 mostly unlabelled chromosomes in the hexaploids. Attempts to discriminate between chromosomes of the A and D genomes in A. sativa (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) were unsuccessful using GISH. At least eight intergenomic translocation segments were detected in A. sativa 'Ogle', several of which were not observed in A. byzantina 'Kanota' (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD) or in A. sterilis CW 439-2 (2n = 6x = 42, AACCDD). At least five intergenomic translocation segments were observed in A. maroccana CI 8330 'Magna' (2n = 4x = 28, AACC). In both 'Ogle' and 'Magna', positions of most of these translocations matched with C-banding patterns.Key words: Avena sativa, oat, in situ hybridization, C-banding, Avena macrostachya.

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