Impact of using updated seismic information on seismic hazard in western Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Goda ◽  
H. P. Hong ◽  
G. M. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Recurrence Relations ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Uniform Hazard Spectra ◽  
New Information ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact

This study provides a preliminary assessment of the impact of new seismological information on the existing seismic hazard model, as implemented in the 2005 National building code of Canada (NBCC); this seismic hazard model was actually developed in the early 1990s, and thus there is significant new information available in the literature since then. A reassessment of seismic hazard is carried out by updating magnitude-recurrence relations based on the earthquake catalog up to the end of 2006, including conversion of all earthquake magnitudes to a homogenous moment magnitude scale. The recent ground-motion prediction equations, which update the knowledge base used in the 2005 NBCC, are also used. Focusing on Vancouver and Victoria, sensitivity analyses are carried out to investigate both individual and combined impacts of these updates on the uniform hazard spectra. The proposed model can be used as a guide to the direction in which future seismic hazard models for western Canada may move.

Preliminary Study on the Impact of the Introduction of an Updated Seismic Hazard Model for Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 89-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gavridou ◽  
R. Pinho ◽  
H. Crowley ◽  
G. M. Calvi ◽  
V. Montaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

Seismic hazard analysis: a comparative study

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H P Hong ◽  
K Goda ◽  
A G Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Uniform Hazard Spectra ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps ◽  
Cell Method ◽  
Thiessen Polygon ◽  
The Impact

The quantitative seismic hazard maps for the 1970s National Building Code of Canada were evaluated using the Davenport–Milne method. The Cornell–McGuire method is employed to develop recent seismic hazard maps of Canada. These methods incorporate the information on seismicity, magnitude-recurrence relations, and ground motion (or response) attenuation relations. The former preserves and depends completely on details of the historical seismicity; the latter smoothes the irregular spatial occurrence pattern of the historical seismicity into seismic source zones. Further, the Epicentral Cell method, which attempts to incorporate the preserving and smoothing aspect of these methods, has been developed. However, the impact of the adopted assumptions on the estimated quantitative seismic hazard has not been investigated. This study provides a comparative seismic hazard assessment using the above-mentioned methods and simulation-based algorithms. The analysis results show that overall the Davenport–Milne method gives quasi-circular seismic hazard contours near significant historical events, and the Cornell–McGuire method smoothes the transition of contours. The Epicentral Cell method provides estimates approximately within the former and the latter. Key words: epicentral cell method, probability, seismic hazard, Thiessen polygon, Voronoi, uniform hazard spectra.

A probabilistic seismic hazard model for Mainland China

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 181-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Rong ◽  
Xiwei Xu ◽  
Jia Cheng ◽  
Guihua Chen ◽  
Harold Magistrale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Source Zone ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Geodetic Strain Rate ◽  
Geodetic Strain

We construct a probabilistic seismic hazard model for mainland China by integrating historical earthquakes, active faults, and geodetic strain rates. We delineate large seismic source zones based on geologic and seismotectonic characteristics. For each source zone, a tapered Gutenberg–Richter (TGR) distribution is used to model the total seismic activity rates. The TGR a- and b-values are calculated using a new earthquake catalog, while corner magnitudes are constrained using the seismic moment rate inferred from a geodetic strain rate model. For hazard calculations, the total TGR distribution is split into two parts, with smaller ( MW < 6.5) earthquakes being distributed within the zone using a smoothed seismicity method, and larger earthquakes put both onto active faults, based on fault slip rates and dimensions, and into the zone as background seismicity. We select ground motion models by performing residual analysis using ground motion recordings. Site amplifications are considered based on a site condition map developed using geology as a proxy. The resulting seismic hazard is consistent with the fifth-generation national seismic hazard model for most major cities.

scholarly journals Optimization of Lead Time through Genetic Algorithm: A Case Study of Equipment Manufacturing Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasim Rehman Siddiqui ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Timely Completion ◽  
Equipment Manufacturing ◽  
Equipment Manufacturing Industry ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at optimizing lead time through effective management of resources in an equipment manufacturing industry to ensure timely completion of the projects. The concept of “project crashing” was implemented to identify potential activities at production line of conventional two-roller machines. The developed model is optimized using modified Genetic Algorithm (GA). The results showed that the proposed model enabled to deliver products as per schedule without increasing planned cost. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to find out the impact of various process parameters. From analyses, it was found that the proposed model facilitate the manufacturer in delivering the products at specified time with increasing the planned cost.

scholarly journals Seismic hazard in western Canada from GPS strain rates versus earthquake catalog

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (B12) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mazzotti ◽  
L. J. Leonard ◽  
J. F. Cassidy ◽  
G. C. Rogers ◽  
S. Halchuk
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Strain Rates

scholarly journals Information Impulse-Wave Interaction between the Media and Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Igor Anokhov ◽  
Valentina Marenko
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Impulse Wave ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
New Information ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The article proposes a model of an impulse-wave mechanism of the interaction between the media and society as a recipient. The article aims at creating a model building a background for using mathematical tools in forecasting results of the impact of information waves generated by the media on society information field. Applying scientific categories that belong to natural sciences will allow one to meet the goal set more easily. The media impact on society can be compared with impulses that unbalance individuals’ characteristics for a more or less prolonged time. Being unbalanced these characteristics fluctuate in some way with these fluctuations gradually decreasing until new information impulses appear. Such fluctuations are not homogenous, they depend on quality characteristics of a particular individual and can be classified on different levels, i.e. physical, emotional, intellectual and value-semantic ones. Impulses initiated by the media receive a wave response in society changing characteristics of homogeneous groups of individuals in the information field. In this way, the media activate some fluctuations of individuals’ characteristics and stop the other ones. In such a way, an indirect method of managing society is used. The proposed model of an impulse-wave mechanism can be helpful to find ways of harmonizing society by changing the media’s role from an instrument of society destruction to an instrument of society building. The authors suppose that such re-focusing can be achieved by activating fluctuations of ratio-value characteristics of individuals as elements of society.

scholarly journals Seismic risk management through insurance and its sensitivity to uncertainty in the hazard model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Gkimprixis ◽  
John Douglas ◽  
Enrico Tubaldi
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Earthquake Insurance ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAcknowledging the devastating consequences of past earthquakes, current research efforts focus on the development of tools for assessing and controlling the risk and losses associated with future earthquakes, in addition to trying to minimize construction costs. Apart from providing a control of these levels, earthquake engineering can also provide solutions to manage the financial implications of the expected hazardous events. The first part of this article focuses on the management of the expected losses through the mechanism of transfer of the financial risk via earthquake insurance. Various insurance models are explained and applied in different case studies, and numerous analyses are performed across Europe, for a benchmark four-storey reinforced-concrete frame building. The results highlight significant variation in the premiums with seismicity, design practices and properties of the insurance model. It is crucial that any mitigation or transfer framework should use probabilistic methods to consider the uncertainties inherent in the hazard and structural response estimates. For example, different studies for the same region often indicate considerable differences in seismic hazard estimates. The uncertainty inherent in the hazard input model is transferred to and affects the results of the structural design and the performance assessment. Thus, the second part of the article investigates the impact of the epistemic uncertainty in the hazard model on the structural design and consequently the estimated future losses and risk levels, again for the benchmark building. First, a comparison is performed between the hazard data from two studies for different locations in Italy, in order to assess the possible range of variation in estimated hazard levels amongst different studies. The effects of these hazard variations on the seismic design and risk and loss metrics for the benchmark building are also investigated for these locations. Finally, a simplified approach for modelling hazard uncertainty is introduced and various sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate the effects of the hazard uncertainty across Europe. It is shown that hazard uncertainty can be of differing importance for the various involved stakeholders.

Test of Mediation and Moderation between Employee Empathy and Customers’ Advocacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ahmad Afridi ◽  
Asad Shahjehan ◽  
Maqsood Haider ◽  
Dr Uzma Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
First Line ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Moderator

This study examined the impact of employee empathy on customers’ advocacy directly and indirectly through customers’ loyalty. Moreover, the interacting effect of customers’ trust was verified between the association of customers’ loyalty and advocacy. The attributes of the proposed model were examined in the context of first line employee and patients’ interactions. A total of 220 responses were collected for analysis from the private hospitals of Peshawar. The model fitness was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses were examined. Findings confirmed the positive and significant impact of employee empathy on customers’ advocacy. Further, the mediating effect was examined and found that loyalty partially mediates employee empathy and customers’ advocacy. Additionally, trust was found a significant moderator between the association of customer loyalty and advocacy. Furthermore, findings revealed that trust based loyalty significantly and positively mediates employee empathy and customers’ advocacy. Findings of the present study provide understanding for the service sector, particularly in healthcare, to enhance customers’ loyalty, advocacy, and trust through service employee’s empathic aptitude. Keywords: Employee empathy, Service Eco-system, Customers’ Loyalty, Customers’ Advocacy, Trust-Based Loyalty, Healthcare, S-D Logic

The impact of duration observations on precision of results GNSS measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 921 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Grishko
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Actual Error ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

This paper shows that the accuracy of relative satellite measurements depend not only on the length of the baseline, as it is regulated by the rating formula of accuracy of GNSS equipment, but also on the duration of observations. As a result of the strict adjustment much redundant satellite networks with different duration of observations obtained covariance matrix of baselines, the most realistic reflecting the actual error of satellite observations. Research of forms of communication of these errors from length of the baseline and duration of its measurement is executed. A significant influence of solar activity on accuracy of satellite measurements, in general, leads to unequal similar series of measurements made at different periods, for example, in the production of monitoring activities. The model of approximation of the functional dependence of accuracy of the baseline from its length and duration of observations having good qualitative characteristics is offered. Based on the proposed model, we analyzed the dynamics of changes in measurement accuracy with an increase in observation time.

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