On the History of the University Press in the 20s of the 20th Century

The research analyzed the biography of the editors of the newspaper of the 2nd Moscow State University "Za Leninym" as well as their role in the management of the publication. We used archival documents of the 2nd Moscow State University which have not been studied before. The newspaper "Za Leninym" was published from 1926 to 1930. Its editors were students and employees of the 2nd Moscow State University. In the 1920s of the twentieth century university mass media were established. There was an acute shortage of professionals who could help the large-circulation press to reach a professional level. The study found that media played an important ideological, informative, and educational role. The newspaper "Za Leninym" was no exception. The leadership of the 2nd Moscow State University was genuinely interested in publishing a newspaper, the editorial board was appointed, the issues of the newspaper and the content of "Za Leninym" were repeatedly discussed. The role of newspaper editors in its development and improvement of the quality of the content of materials and layout was also crucial. Especially it is interesting to learn about the editors who really made a big contribution into science and in the history of the country (Y. Uranovsky, A. Bagdasarov, Y. Bugaysky). Thanks to the editors the newspaper which they wanted to close at its very beginning really took off and was being published regularly until 1930 under the name "Za Leninym", and since 1931 under the name "Kultarmeets".

Advertising Opportunities of the Blogosphere on the YouTube Platform

The largest video hosting service in the world is currently the YouTube platform. Having originated in the USA in 2005 the video hosting service very quickly expanded the scope of its geographical presence due to the ability to use the service in different countries. YouTube's monetization was based on an advertising model from the very beginning. The YouTube Premium service created inside the platform (previously called YouTube Red) allows you to watch content without ads by subscription. But the content model is not developing so rapidly and main financial flows continue to come from advertising. That is why it is worth understanding the possibilities of advertising on YouTube. The research identified integrated advertising on YouTube blogs which were selected according to various criteria: total number of subscribers, broadcast language, regular content publications (at least 1 publication per quarter), genre, ranking position and number of views. Advertisements were found present in all analyzed blogs while the types of advertising varied depending on the genre of the blog. The time a blogger spent on advertising also largely depended on the genre characteristics of the blog. Currently, one of the most popular types of advertising is self-promotion, since it is directly related to third-party bloggers' earnings. In the current research we analyzed advertising in the blogosphere based on monitoring several diverse thematic blogs and identified most common forms of advertising. The attempt to classify advertising opportunities in the video hosting user content seems important to us because it allows us to streamline the terminology and in the future develop a system of interaction between channels and advertisers.

The System of Modern Russian Specialized Sports Internet Media

The beginning of the XXI century is characterized by the emergence of new media and the development of the Internet space by traditional media. A large number of sports publications have moved to an online format. This article examined the system of Russian specialized sports online media. The study analyzed the one hundred most popular specialized sports online media. We studied the following independent variables: the amount of materials per day/ per week; monthly number of visitors; official registration as a media; period of existence. The research found that the system of Russian specialized sports online media includes specialized professional online media, specialized mass online media, club Internet media, sites of sports federations, fan sites, communication and statistical platforms. Meanwhile, the overwhelming majority of Internet resources are not officially registered media, although they perform all the functions of media and have the same goal. In conclusion, it can be highlighted that specialized sports sites are divided into the most popular, relatively popular and unpopular in relation to sports.

Scientometric Indicators of Media Researchers in the e-library

This study extended the author's previous research in the field of scientometrics of media researchers on the topic “Mass information. Journalism. Mass media” in Russian electronic library and Russian Science Citation Index. The methodology was a census of the personalities of the first hundred authors ranked by the level of the h-index in 2020 compared to 2017, and in some aspects — from 2016. The study analyzed the changes in the h-index over the years under study, changes in the authors' geography by federal districts and cities of the Russian Federation, their academic position, the distribution of doctors and candidates of sciences in scientific majors in accordance with the awarded degree, as well as the distribution of rating personalities by actual scientific interests and taught courses in their affiliated scientific and educational organizations. The study revealed the importance of scientometric indicators for authors and scientific and educational organizations to determine their place in the academic community, the relevance of topics and authors’ research in the general academic landscape, and material incentives. At the same time, it was noted that the system of scientometric indicators is changing: perhaps the h-index the number of published works and the number of citations in the RSCI will remain as an object of research by historians of science to determine the common place of Russian (and Soviet) scientists in the science development, and in addition or to replace them there will be new indicators. One of them is the "percentile" recently introduced into the list of scientometric indicators. Studies of the values of scientometric indicators will remain relevant in the future.

Mass Media and Conflicts: Media-Geographical Studies

This article presents the results of media geographical studies of publications of American and European mass media covering conflicts and crises of different levels and scales (global, international, regional, and local). Through the prism of media-geographical views on the processes of media reality formation, the author examined mass media approaches of different countries on the topic of coverage. The research methodology included media metric analysis, rank analysis (rank distributions of the popularity of semantic categories for Internet audiences around the world), quantitative and qualitative content analysis of media texts and analysis of publications according to the criteria of the theory of peaceful journalism. The results of the rank analysis illustrated the possibilities of using this method to study the mental landscapes of different countries and regions. Special attention was paid to the interpretation of meanings and their transformation in space and time, as well as to the spatial analysis of big data (based on Google Trends statistics) with an emphasis on the dynamics of changes in media behavior and media consumption of Internet audiences in different time periods. The empirical basis for content analysis was made up of publications of online versions of 10 American and European mass media in English, German and French of 2020. The main result of the study: the majority of media texts — about 80 % — do not contribute to the search for ways of peaceful settlement of conflicts (they abound in emotionally colored vocabulary, negative markers, categorical assessments, journalists do not make attempts to deeply analyze the situation, synthesize different positions and search for creative non-violent ways to resolve contradictions). Mass media publications often become a source of increasing tension in society, the parties of conflicts are represented as antagonists in media texts, journalists fail to establish a connection between them and bridge the gap between their interests. The results of a comparative analysis of media texts according to the criteria of the theory of peaceful journalism allowed us to classify the main approaches for the mass media conflicts covering and develop a number of proposals and recommendations to use in journalistic practice.

Modelling Economic Effects of the Media Influence as Methodological Basis for Strategizing the Media System

This research focused on the impact of media industry on other sectors of the economy. Advertising is considered as a basic implementation mechanism of media’s economic impact on the economy. The study used the original classification of the effects of economic impact on the market at all levels, developed by the author. It examined the highest level of advertising associated with the shift in market structure and economic interactions of its members and elements. The effects of this type — tertiary ones — include not only changes in the properties of equilibrium due to advertising, but also the emergence of new types of market participants whose economic activity is determined exclusively by advertising-related goals. To describe such effects, models of marketing channels are used — a special kind of production chains that connect the preceding and subsequent units with the help of contracts for advertising and promotional activities, and models of multi-sided markets, complementing the analysis with the study of the behavior of intermediary firms that place advertisements in the media. and linking producers and consumers. Classical models of two-sided markets, considering media as platforms connecting consumers with producers, do not consider the simultaneous consumption of goods and content by the audience and the nature of the producing firms’ problems. Therefore, in this paper, the focus of the study was on the models of a three-sided market, which includes three types of participants (consumers, media firms and industrial firms). It is proposed to put such models of intersectoral relations as the basis for quantitative methods of strategizing the media system, including at the national level. At the level of strategizing of individual media enterprises or holdings, the proposed model makes it possible to predict the long-term strategies of competitors. At the industrial level of strategy development, the proposed methodology makes it possible to build key indicators that determine the strategic priorities of the industry development based on the properties of the three-sided market equilibrium.

Linguocultural Features of the Representation of the Great Victory Anniversary by the Sputnik Agency (Russia Today)

The research examined linguocultural features of media coverage of the Great Victory anniversary the Sputnik agency (Russia Today). The purpose of the study was to determine, from the standpoint of linguistic cultural studies, the key images that formed the media. The object of the research is the materials of three editions of the Sputnik agency (Sputnik Polska, Sputnik International, Sputnik Türkiye), the geography of distribution and the composition of the audience of which reflect differentiated linguocultures. A set of methods is used: content analysis; contextual analysis, comparative analysis, case study. The empirical base was made up of publications dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, posted on the websites of the editorial offices of Sputnik Polska, Sputnik International, Sputnik Türkiye. Sample type: solid. Chronological scope of the study: April 15 — May 15, 2020. Based on the results of the study, we concluded that the nature of representation is directly related to linguocultural characteristics and is due to historical, political and sociocultural preconditions. At the same time, all editions are united by the commonality of the constructed images: Victory Day (attitudes towards victory over fascism in the international arena); nations (both winners and losers); preservation of historical memory. The presence or absence of certain stable linguistic units depends on the cultural and ethnic specifics of the audience. The greatest efficiency from the standpoint of the implementation of international broadcasting activities (transmission of cultural codes and meanings) is achieved in a situation of a common / close mentality, interaction of ethnic groups and territorial proximity.

Literature Review on Artificial Intelligence in Journalism: A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications Indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus

This article reviews the past-to-present academic literature on artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism. Over the past years, these technologies have attracted the sufficient attention of researchers from various fields of scientific study producing a large number of publications. We have reviewed academic articles published between 2015 and 2021 to provide understanding of the current state of the research on AI in various research areas including journalism. The corpus was gathered by searching publications in two international databases, Scopus and the Web of Science (WoS). 70 empirical studies were selected on the basis of applying AI to journalism. Each article was categorized according to the type of database, period of time, the country of publication, the field of study and the frequency of citations. The applied method of quantitative research allows tracking the development of research within six years in the field of automated journalism. Finally, we put forward several proposals for further research in this field.

Transformation of the Program Strategy of a Niche Entertainment TV Channel under Conditions of a Competitive Media Environment (on the Example of STS and TNT)

Under conditions of a competitive media environment, linear TV channels should pay special attention to broadcast planning. This article presents the results of a study that was an attempt to analyze the changes that have occurred since 2012 in the programming of niche entertainment channels STS and TNT. Created in the second half of the 1990s, both TV networks remain popular among the target audience today; it seemed relevant to find out how their programming strategies were transformed taking into account the increased competition, including the one from non-linear services. The study was based on the method of quantitative content analysis with further comparison of the results obtained. In the course of the work, the genre and thematic characteristics of broadcasters’ content were determined, the origin of telecasts was established, the quality of films and series was assessed, and the programming tactics used in the formation of broadcast grids were analyzed. The study found that the changed media environment had a significant impact on the broadcast planning of both TV channels: over the years, both TNT and STS have become more active in using programming techniques aimed at retaining the audience and ensuring its natural flow between time slots, as well as taking a more careful approach to selecting content for showing. Taking into account the audience ratings of STS and TNT, we can talk about the success of such an approach to broadcast planning, which becomes more effective in combination with the broadcaster’s active presence on the Internet.

Social Contradictions Media Measurement as a Way of University Scientific Discourse

The study examined academic research dedicated to the understanding of conflictology as a field of knowledge in the context of the ongoing mediatization of society. We analyzed the key features of the process of mediatization that affect the communication processes in society and media content. The aspects of the presentation of social contradictions in the media space, including the axiological aspect, have been studied. The study identified the specific of the Russian context, in terms of the diagnosis and resolutions of conflicts in the public sphere. The study also analyzed the current trends in the development of social media as a factor of audience differentiation and intensification of conflicts including the phenomena of the “cancel culture”, “filter bubbles” and “echo chambers”. In the same context we examined how changes in media consumption influence the quality of public communication. We identified the features of communication in the public mediatized space that lead to social agreement. It has been found that solving conflicts between participants in current social practice is viewed as an integrative result of such interaction. Future studies should attempt to identify media role in resolving existing social contradictions as well as its role in this process. The current study has identified criteria for an interdisciplinary approach for further research of the subject. It has been found that the results of interdisciplinary research in this area can be considered in the context of the universities’ implementation of their mission to strengthen their expertise and intellectual influence in society, to strengthen the interaction between academics and society for the further achievement of social harmony.