River discharge and tidal controls on salt-wedge position and implications for channel shoaling: Fraser River, British Columbia

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kostaschuk ◽  
L. A. Atwood
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Tidal Height ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Salt Wedge ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Predictive Relations

Salinity and current surveys in the Main Channel of the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia, show that a well-defined salt-wedge intrusion migrates along the channel. Bivariate statistical analyses reveal that when discharge is nearly constant, the position of the salt-wedge is controlled by tidal height. Multivariate analyses of data with large ranges in discharge and tidal height indicate that intrusion location is a function of both discharge and tides. Multiple regression models provide predictive relations for salt-wedge position. Application of a regression model indicates that channel shoaling at the mouth of the river is related to the low-tide position of the salt-wedge. Key words: Fraser River estuary, salt-wedge position, channel shoaling.

Bedforms, bed material, and bedload transport in a salt-wedge estuary: Fraser River, British Columbia

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1440-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kostaschuk ◽  
M. A. Church ◽  
J. L. Luternauer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Salt Wedge ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Material Load ◽  
Bed Material

The lower main channel of the Fraser River, British Columbia, is a sand-bed, salt-wedge estuary in which variations in velocity, discharge, and bedform characteristics are contolled by river discharge and the tides. Bed-material composition remains consistent over the discharge season and in the long term. Changes in bedform height and length follow but lag behind seasonal fluctuations in river discharge. Migration rates of bedforms respond more directly to river discharge and tidal fall than do height and length. Bedform characteristics were utilized to estimate bedload transport in the estuary, and a strong, direct, but very sensitive relationship was found between bed load and river discharge. Annual bedload transport in the estuary is estimated to be of the order of 0.35 Mt in 1986. Bedload transport in the estuary appears to be higher than in reaches upstream, possibly because of an increase in sediment movement along the bed to compensate for a reduction in suspended bed-material load produced by tidal slack water and the salt wedge.

scholarly journals Gender Minority Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Transitioned Swiss Transpersons

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Jäggi ◽  
Lena Jellestad ◽  
Salvatore Corbisiero ◽  
Dirk J. Schaefer ◽  
Josef Jenewein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Minority Stress Model

Compared to the general population, transpersons are exposed to higher levels of discrimination and violence. The stigmatization of transpersons can lead to physical and psychological problems. In particular, transindividuals exhibit a higher prevalence of depression compared to the cispopulation. The gender minority stress model (GMSM) provides a comprehensive theoretical basis to interpret these biopsychosocial interactions. Using the GMSM, this study aimed to identify associations between experience of stigmatization and the mental health of transitioned transpersons using correlational analyses and multiple regression models. In total, 143 transpersons were recruited. Multivariate analyses identified three variables (i.e., unemployment, nonaffirmation of gender identity, and internalized transphobia) to explain variance of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, a mediation of the proximal factors between distal factors and depressive symptoms was found. However, the moderating effect of resilience factors was not demonstrated. The results confirmed the importance of distal and proximal minority stressors for the mental health of transpersons. At the same time, the protective influence of resilience factors seemed to be surprisingly minor. In the treatment of transpersons, practitioners should not only focus on somatic aspects, but also consider the person’s previous experiences of stigmatization.

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