Valine, malic, and pyruvic dehydrogenase tests in the differentiation of Bacteroides

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369-1371
Author(s):  
Noel R. Funderburk ◽  
A. S. Kester
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Acceptor ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride

Fifteen isolates of Bacteroides were tested for their ability to dehydrogenate a variety of amino acids and organic acids. A simple and rapid method was developed for detecting dehydrogenase activity using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride as a hydrogen acceptor and indicator. The results indicate that the tests for valine, malic, and pyruvic acid dehydrogenases have value in differentiating organisms in this genus.

A Histochemical Study of Dehydrogenase Activity in the Pectoralis Major Muscle of the Pigeon and certain other Vertebrate Skeletal Muscles

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (48) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
J. C. GEORGE ◽  
K. S. SCARIA
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
The Individual

Certain dehydrogenases in the breast muscle of the pigeon and fowl and the leg muscle of the fowl and frog were studied histochemically by the use of 2:3:5: triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The dehydrogenase activity was found to have a relationship with the colour and the mitochondrial content of the individual muscle fibres. In the pigeon breast muscle, however, the broad white fibres did not show the presence of any of the enzymes studied. It is therefore concluded that these fibres in the pigeon breast muscle are a unique system in which none of the oxidative processes concerned takes place; they cannot be considered as analogous to the white fibres of the other muscles studied.

scholarly journals The effect of tungstate ingestion on xanthine oxidase in milk and liver

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Owen ◽  
R. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Acceptor ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Conventional Diet

1. The ingestion of doses of up to 6 g sodium tungstate (56 mg W/kg body-weight) by goats was found to diminish the amount of xanthine oxidase secreted in their milk so that, in some samples, the enzyme became undetectable. This effect occurred whether the goats were eating a semi-synthetic or a conventional diet.2. Tungstate ingestion by goats did not affect the concentration of riboflavine in their milk.3. The ingestion of sodium tungstate by young goats for 3–5 months diminished the amount of xanthine oxidase in their livers.4. When given in early lactation to two cows, doses of sodium tungstate (up to 20 g) diminished the titre of xanthine oxidase in their milk with no concomitant effect on the yields.5. Much later in lactation the milk phosphatase of these two cows was poorly correlated with milk xanthine oxidase. Reasons for this are discussed.6. Under anaerobic conditions, with xanthine as substrate and triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride as hydrogen acceptor, neither molybdate nor tungstate affected the xanthine oxidase activity of cow's or goat's milk in vitro. Molybdate in vitro did not enhance the very low titre of human milk.

THE EFFECTS OF INDOLEACETIC ACID AND 2, 4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID ON INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM OF 14C-LABELLED ORGANIC ACIDS BY PEA ROOT TIPS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1789-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Kim ◽  
R. G. S. Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Krebs Cycle Intermediates

The effects of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) on the metabolism of 14C-specifically labelled pyruvic, acetic, succinic, and glutamic acids by pea root tips have been examined. The conversion of 14C from the substrates into alcohol-soluble and -insoluble fractions and respired CO2 was determined, and the radioactivity of certain soluble amino acids and organic acids was measured after chromatography. While pyruvic acid decarboxylation is unaffected, the carboxylation of pyruvic acid and the entry into the Krebs cycle of acetate derived from pyruvate is inhibited by the hormones. Acetate, however, is oxidized to CO2 much more rapidly in the presence of IAA or 2, 4-D. The accumulation of 14C in Krebs cycle intermediates or amino acids derived from them is prevented by the auxins. The results indicate that IAA and 2, 4-D have an inhibiting effect either on co-carboxylase or more likely on α-lipoic acid metabolism, but not on coenzyme A (CoA). Other specific effects on the metabolism of individual amino acids are also indicated.

scholarly journals Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Bao Van Nguyen ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

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