Aerobic degradation of choline by Proteus mirabilis: enzymatic requirements and pathway

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhvinder S. Sandhu ◽  
Theodore Chase Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Aerobic Degradation ◽  
Divalent Metal Cation ◽  
Carbon Fragment ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Lactobacillus Leichmannii

Cleavage of choline to trimethylamine and acetaldehyde by extracts of Proteus mirabilis requires both particulate and soluble protein fractions, K+, and a bound divalent metal cation. The reaction shows a long lag period, abolished only by preincubation of the particulate fraction in the complete reaction system. The two-carbon fragment produced is acetaldehyde; choline cleavage appears to be tightly coupled to dismutation of the acetaldehyde to ethanol and acetate, as indicated by stimulation by NAD+, ADP. and Fe2+ and inhibition by reagents reacting with acetaldehyde. The system is thus similar to that previously described in anaerobes (Desulfovibrio, Clostridium). Attempts to demonstrate a cobamide coenzyme requirement (as in the similar ethanolamine ammonia-lyase reaction) were unsuccessful; the reaction was carried out by fractions devoid of vitamin B12 activity (not supporting growth of Lactobacillus leichmannii) and insensitive to light.

scholarly journals Role of the divalent metal cation in the pyruvate oxidase reaction.

1982 ◽  
Vol 257 (16) ◽  
pp. 9605-9611
Author(s):  
R Blake ◽  
T A O'Brien ◽  
R B Gennis ◽  
L P Hager
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cation ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Pyruvate Oxidase ◽  
Divalent Metal Cation ◽  
Oxidase Reaction

The induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm by the divalent metal cation ionophore A23187

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
D.P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Metal Cation ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Divalent Metal Cation ◽  
Free Calcium Concentration ◽  
External Calcium

The divalent metal cation ionophore A23187 induces an acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm which is dependent on external calcium. Examination of this acrosome reaction by electron microscopy shows that it is morphologically normal. The known properties of A23187 and the morphological similarity between the acrosome reaction and the secretory discharges of other secretory cells suggests that the immediate cause of the acrosome reaction is an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration.

THE CONSTITUENTS OF COD LIVER WITH VITAMIN B12 ACTIVITY FOR LACTOBACILLUS LEICHMANNII

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Beryl Truscott ◽  
P. L. Hoogland
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Microbiological Assay ◽  
Countercurrent Distribution ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
Fractionation Procedure ◽  
Lactobacillus Leichmannii

The identity of the compounds that together form the total microbiological vitamin B12 activity of cod-liver residue was determined by a fractionation procedure involving ion exchange, countercurrent distribution, partition chromatography, and microbiological assay. The presence of cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and the desoxyribosides of thymine, uracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and guanine was demonstrated. The total vitamin B12 activity, as determined by microbiological assay with Lactobacillus leichmannii, and its distribution in cod-liver residue, were very similar to those of beef liver. Cod-liver residues may be used to replace beef liver in vitamin B12 preparations.

On the Biosynthesis of the Benzimidazole Bases Occurring in Corrinoids

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Renz ◽  
Andrée J. Bauer-David
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Reference Compound ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Propionibacterium Shermanii ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Coenzyme B ◽  
Lactobacillus Leichmannii

A hypothesis by Bernhauer on the biosynthesis of the benzimidazole bases of corrinoids implicates the possible existence of a corrinoid containing 6′,7′-dimethylnaphtho- (2′,3′) -imidazole-4,5 (DMNIA). In order to facilitate the detection of this corrinoid in natural sources by means of a reference compound, DMNIA was synthesized and added to cultures of Propionibacterium shermanii. Thus the new vitamin B12-analog DMNIA-cobamide was formed. The DMNIA-cobamide was degraded and its base isolated. This base had the same UV-spectrum and electrophoretic behaviour as the product prepared by chemical synthesis. On degradation of DMNIA-cobamide with cerous hydroxide DMNIA-α-D-ribofuranoside is formed. Perchloric acid treatment of DMNIA-cobamide yields DMNIA-α-D-ribofuranoside 3′-phosphate. The microbiological activity of DMNIA-cobamide cyanide tested with the vitamin B,12-requiring Lactobacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830 was equal to the activity of vitamin B12, with the Escherichia coli-mutant 113-3 it exhibited about 50% of the growth-activity of vitamin B12.DMNIA-cobamide coenzyme shows approximately 10% of the coenzymatic activity of coenzyme B12 in the propanediol dehydrase reaction.

Über die Aufnahme von 5.6-Dimethyl-benzimidazol und 5.6-Dichlorbenzimidazol durch Lactobacillus leichmannii 313

1954 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 761-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Weygand ◽  
Helmut Simon ◽  
Hans Klebe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B ◽  
Lactobacillus Leichmannii

Lactobacillus leichmannii 313 nimmt bei der Züchtung in Gegenwart von 5.6-Dimethylbenzimidazol-[2-14C] oder 5.6-Dichlor-benzimidazol-[2-14C] 40 000 bis 47 000 Moleküle dieser Verbindungen pro Zelle auf, gleichgültig ob Vitamin B12 oder Thymidin als Wuchsstoff verwendet wird. - Die Synthese der radioaktiven Benzimidazole im 1/2-mMol-Maßstab wird beschrieben.

Divalent metal cation requirements of phosphofructokinase-2 from E. coli. Evidence for a high affinity binding site for Mn2+

2011 ◽  
Vol 505 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Andrés Rivas-Pardo ◽  
Andrés Caniuguir ◽  
Christian A.M. Wilson ◽  
Jorge Babul ◽  
Victoria Guixé
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Metal Cation ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Affinity Binding ◽  
High Affinity Binding ◽  
Divalent Metal Cation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
High Affinity Binding Site

Beziehungen zwischen Vitamin B12, Purinen und Pyrimidinen bei Lactobacillus leichmannii 313

1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Weygand ◽  
Adolf Wacker ◽  
Friedrich Wirth
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Lactobacillus Leichmannii

Abstract Es wurde das Purin-und Pyrimidinbediirfnis von Lactobacillus leichmannii 313 ermittelt. Dabei ergab sich, daß lediglich Guanin und Uracil für ein optimales Wachstum erforderlich sind. Adenin hemmt in Abwesenheit von Guanin oder Xanthin in physiologischer Konzentration das durch Vitamin B10 oder die Desoxyriboside (mit Ausnahme von Adenindesoxyribosid) hervor-gerufene Wachstum. Es wird gefolgert, daß Lb. leichmannii 313 nicht in der Lage ist, Adenin in Guanin zu verwandeln. Von einer größeren Zahl von Pyrimidinen und Benzimidazolen, die in Abwesenheit von Adenin als Hemmstoffe des Bakterienwachstums geprüft wurden, erwiesen sich 4-Amino-uracil, 4-Amino-2-thio-uracil, 5-Methyl-4-amino-2-thio-uracil, Benzimidazol, Dimethyl-, Dibrom-und Dichlorbenzimidazol als wirksam. Die durdi diese Verbindungen hervorgerufene Wachstums-hemmung von Lb. leichmannii 313 konnte kompetitiv durch Adenin oder davon sich ableitende Verbindungen, wie Adenosin und Hefeadenylsäure, nichtkompetitiv durch Vitamin B^, auf-gehoben werden. 4-Amino-uracil und 5-Methyl-4-amino-2-thio-uracil zeigten beim Mäuse-Ascitestumor eine Verzögerung der Ascitesbildung. Die Darstellung der bei den Versuchen verwendeten Benzimidazole und deren N-Glykosiden wird beschrieben. F ür gewisse Milchsäurebakterien ist Vitamin B12

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