EFFECTS OF INHIBITORS OF SULFANILAMIDE ACETYLATION ON SULPHONAMIDE BLOOD CONCENTRATIONS

The effect of inhibitors of sulphanilamide acetylation on free and total sulphonamide blood levels has been investigated. p-Aminosalicylic acid hydrazide, administered to rabbits in combination with sulphanilamide, produced a twofold increase in the blood level of free sulphanilamide six hours after a single oral dose. Similarly, p-aminosalicylate and p-(dipropylsulphamyl)-benzoic acid together were responsible for a twofold increase in free-sulphonamide blood level six hours after a single oral dose of a triple sulphonamide mixture. Salicylamide and 5-bromosalicylamide were ineffective. The significance of these results is discussed.

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Neuroleptic Blood Levels and Clinical Response

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378603100403 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 299-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lawrence H. Rockland

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Clinical Response ◽

Blood Level ◽

Clinical Judgment ◽

Clinical Skills ◽

Drug Dosage ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

The Individual

Gas chromatography and radioreceptor assay technologies made possible the measurement of nanogram quantities of neuroleptic in the blood. They revealed large differences in blood concentrations among patients receiving the same oral dose. This led to the hope that measuring neuroleptic concentrations would allow more effective oral dosing for individual psychotic patients. Early attempts to study neuroleptic concentration/clinical response patterns, using chlorpromazine, produced confusing results. Many of the studies had serious design flaws, and were complicated by the many active metabolites of chlorpromazine. Adequate blood level/response studies should use fixed drug dosage schedules, drug-responsive patients, and neuroleptics without active metabolites. Brain concentration of drug is probably better reflected by erythrocyte than by plasma concentration. Therefore, recent investigators have usually used erythrocyte haloperidol or butaperazine concentrations to study level/response relationships. These recent studies strongly suggest an “optimal concentration” level/response pattern for haloperidol and butaperazine. Patients tend to respond best to moderate concentrations of neuroleptic, and non-response can be due to either too low or too high concentrations. In the latter case, decreasing the oral dose should be seriously considered. Blood level findings remain preliminary. The clinician should continue to fine-tune his clinical skills, using neuroleptic blood concentrations to complement his clinical judgment, in the attempt to determine the lowest effective dose for the individual patient.

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Studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of sheep. XVI. Partition of ketone bodies in blood, tissues, and urine

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9620307 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 307 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

RL Reid

Keyword(s):

Renal Clearance ◽

Blood Level ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽

Acetoacetic Acid ◽

Tissue Concentrations ◽

Blood Concentrations

Acetone comprised 0–40% (average 18%) of the acetoacetic acid plus acetone fraction in sheep blood, in which the level of this fraction was 0.6–5.2 mg % (as acetone). Acetoacetic acid was largely converted to acetone during storage of blood at –20°C, with intermittent thawing for analysis. Concentrations of acetoacetic acid in red cells were similar to those in plasma, but those of ß-hydroxybutyric acid were considerably lower. In contrast to acetoacetic acid, ß-hydroxybutyric acid was virtually absent from foetal blood and from brain tissue. Concentrations of both ketone fractions in liver and muscle tissue were about one-half the blood concentrations. The renal clearance of acetoacetic acid plus acetone in hyperketonaemic pregnant ewes was independent of blood level up to 20 mg % and was little affected by rate of urine flow. Clearance values were in the range of 4–9 ml per min, which indicates that most of the acetoacetic acid filtered at the glomeruli is absorbed by the renal tubules. Renal clearance of ß-hydroxybutyric acid was dependent on blood level and was more affected by rate of urine flow than that of acetoacetic acid. Very little ß-hydroxybutyric acid appeared in the urine when blood levels were below 15 mg %. Clearance increased as blood concentration rose above this level, and reached maximum values, mostly of 3–5 ml per min, at blood levels exceeding 30 mg %.

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Sulfametopyrazine: blood levels in neonatal piglets after a single oral dose

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.92.10.263 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 92 (10) ◽

pp. 263-263

Author(s):

R. Medd ◽

I. Burrows ◽

D. Ross

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Single Oral Dose ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Neonatal Piglets

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The determination of 2-(2-hydroxypropanamido) benzoic acid enantiomers and their corresponding prodrugs in rat plasma by UHPLC–MS/MS and application to comparative pharmacokinetic study after a single oral dose

Journal of Chromatography B ◽

10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1041-1042 ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Qili Zhang ◽

Danlin Wang ◽

Meiyan Zhang ◽

Yunli Zhao ◽

Zhiguo Yu

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Single Oral Dose ◽

Pharmacokinetic Study ◽

Rat Plasma ◽

Comparative Pharmacokinetic

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Failure of P-(di-n-propylsulfamyl)-Benzoic Acid (“Benemid”) to Influence P-Aminosalicylic Acid Blood Levels

Diseases of the Chest ◽

10.1378/chest.23.1.90 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 90-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CLIFFORD RILEY ◽

R.A. CLOWATER ◽

S.J. SHANE

Keyword(s):

Benzoic Acid ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Aminosalicylic Acid

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EEG and blood level of the potential antidepressant paroxetine after a single oral dose to normal volunteers

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/bf00428539 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 327-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

G. R. McClelland ◽

P. Raptopoulos

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Single Oral Dose ◽

Blood Level ◽

Normal Volunteers

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A Rapid (48 hours) Thyroid Suppression Test using a Single Oral Dose of 100 of Triiodothyronine

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1624823 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 218-224

Author(s):

Elli Lakka - Papadodima ◽

Constantin Ntalles ◽

Denis Ikkos

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Single Oral Dose ◽

Suppression Test

Des mesurages répétés de la fixation thyroïdienne de 10 minutes du 132I injecté intraveineusement on été effectués sur 55 malades euthyroïdiens sans et avec goitre et sur 16 malades hyperthyreoïdiens par 4 jours consécutifs. Immédiatement après le premier mesurage tous les malades recevaient une dose unique oral de 100 μg de Triiodothyronine (T3). Les valeurs de fixation 24, 48 et 72 heures après le T3 (moyen ± déviation standard) étaient de 75 ± 1,7, 64 ± 1,8, et 67 ± 1,9 dans le groupe euthyroïdien et le 106 ± 2,6, 104 ± 2,2 et 108 ± 4,0 dans le groupe hyperthyroïdien, exprimés en pourcentage du groupe controle. 48 heures après T3 tous les personnes euthyroïdiens, sauf une, avaient des valeurs en dessous de 88% tandis que la valeur la plus basse des personnes hyperthyroïdiens ce jour était de 93%. La séparation des valeurs 48 heures des deux groupes était complète après avoir respecté l’influence de la première fixation sur la valeur 48 heures. On peut donc supposer q’un test thyroïdien de suppression utilisable en clinique peut-être effectué en 48 heures après une administration oral de 100 μg de T3 et mesurage de la fixation 10 minutes après l’injection du radioisotope.

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Effect of Aspirin on the Thrombelastogram of Human Blood

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1649127 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 30 (03) ◽

pp. 494-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G de Gaetano ◽

J Vermylen

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Single Oral Dose ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Human Blood ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Release Reaction ◽

Platelet Release

SummaryThrombelastograms of both native blood and re-calcified platelet-rich plasma samples taken from subjects given a single oral dose of aspirin (1 gram) were not significantly different from the pretreatment recordings. Aspirin also did not modify the thrombelastogram when preincubated in vitro with platelet-rich plasma at concentrations inhibiting the platelet “release reaction” by collagen. Thrombelastography therefore cannot evaluate the effect of aspirin on platelet function.

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