IONIZING POWER OF COSMIC RAY PARTICLES AT SEA LEVEL

Using a proportional counter telescope arrangement, experiments have been carried out at sea level to explore the nature and ionizing power of particles in the soft component of cosmic radiation and those produced under 1.8 cm. and 20 cm. of lead. The results indicate a preponderance of relativistic electrons in the soft component and under 20 cm. of lead. Under 1.8 cm. of lead there is some disagreement with the calculated pulse height distribution curve but this can be attributed to the production of showers in the lead. These showers would obscure the presence of a small number of particles of unusually high ionizing power, if such exist.

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Energy-dependent dead-time correction in digital pulse processors applied to silicon drift detector's X-ray spectra

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s1600577517018318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 484-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suelen F. Barros ◽

Vito R. Vanin ◽

Alexandre A. Malafronte ◽

Nora L. Maidana ◽

Marcos N. Martins

Keyword(s):

Dead Time ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Pulse Height Distribution ◽

Dead Time Correction ◽

Time Model ◽

X Ray ◽

Digital Pulse ◽

Analytical Correction ◽

Energy Dependent

Dead-time effects in X-ray spectra taken with a digital pulse processor and a silicon drift detector were investigated when the number of events at the low-energy end of the spectrum was more than half of the total, at counting rates up to 56 kHz. It was found that dead-time losses in the spectra are energy dependent and an analytical correction for this effect, which takes into account pulse pile-up, is proposed. This and the usual models have been applied to experimental measurements, evaluating the dead-time fraction either from the calculations or using the value given by the detector acquisition system. The energy-dependent dead-time model proposed fits accurately the experimental energy spectra in the range of counting rates explored in this work. A selection chart of the simplest mathematical model able to correct the pulse-height distribution according to counting rate and energy spectrum characteristics is included.

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Determination of the Ion‐Induced Electron Yield from a Statistical Treatment of Pulse‐Height Distribution Curves Measured with an Ion‐Electron‐Scintillation Detector

Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1063/1.1661354 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 1524-1529 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. W. Werner ◽

J. v. d. Berg

Keyword(s):

Scintillation Detector ◽

Statistical Treatment ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Pulse Height Distribution ◽

Electron Yield

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Air concentration estimation of radionuclides discharged from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station using NaI(Tl) detector pulse height distribution measured in Ibaraki Prefecture

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/00223131.2016.1193453 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 1919-1932 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yuta Terasaka ◽

Hiromi Yamazawa ◽

Jun Hirouchi ◽

Shigekazu Hirao ◽

Hiroki Sugiura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Air Concentration ◽

Power Station ◽

Pulse Height Distribution ◽

Detector Pulse ◽

Concentration Estimation ◽

Fukushima Daiichi ◽

Ibaraki Prefecture

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THE RESOLUTION CORRECTION IN THE SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY OF CONTINUOUS X RAYS

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p58-163 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1624-1633 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

W. R. Dixon ◽

J. H. Aitken

Keyword(s):

Integral Equation ◽

Numerical Analysis ◽

Numerical Methods ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Matrix Inversion ◽

Height Distribution ◽

X Rays ◽

Smooth Solutions ◽

Pulse Height Distribution

The problem of making resolution corrections in the scintillation spectrometry of continuous X rays is discussed. Analytical solutions are given to the integral equation which describes the effect of the statistical spread in pulse height. The practical necessity of making some kind of numerical analysis is pointed out. Difficulties with numerical methods arise from the fact that the observed pulse-height distribution cannot be defined precisely. As a result it is possible in practice only to find smooth "solutions". Additional difficulties arise if the numerical method is based on an invalid analytical procedure. For example matrix inversion is of doubtful value in making the resolution correction because there does not appear to be an inverse kernel for the integral equation in question.

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Pulse height distribution in low energy proportional counter measurements

Nuclear Instruments and Methods ◽

10.1016/0029-554x(73)90779-9 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 112 (1-2) ◽

pp. 91-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

B. Breyer

Keyword(s):

Proportional Counter ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Low Energy ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Pulse Height Distribution

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Pulse height distribution of signals produced by exposing a thin GEM chamber to beta rays from an Sr-90 source

Journal of the Korean Physical Society ◽

10.3938/jkps.64.1281 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (9) ◽

pp. 1281-1287

Author(s):

B. J. Ahn ◽

Y. J. Ha ◽

C. H. Hahn ◽

S. T. Park ◽

C-Y Yi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulse Height ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Pulse Height Distribution

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A Universal Detector for the X-Ray Spectrograph

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800000604 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 293-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William R. Kiley

Keyword(s):

Entire Range ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Pulse Height Distribution ◽

X Ray ◽

Universal Detector ◽

Detector Arrangement

AbstractA detector arrangement has been developed which will give nearly 100% efficiency over the entire range of wavelengths normally used in X-ray spectroscopy, including radiation from Mg Kα. A description of this counter is given and data obtained on pulse height distribution and pulse amplitudes will be discussed. Results obtained with typical specimens will be shown.

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CAR-BORNE SURVEY OF NATURAL BACKGROUND GAMMA RADIATION IN WESTERN, EASTERN AND SOUTHERN THAILAND

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncz272 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 188 (2) ◽

pp. 174-180

Author(s):

Chutima Kranrod ◽

Supitcha Chanyotha ◽

Phongphaegh Pengvanich ◽

Rawiwan Kritsananuwat ◽

Thamaborn Ploykrathok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Dose Rate ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Natural Background ◽

Large Area ◽

Absorbed Dose Rate ◽

Pulse Height Distribution ◽

Background Gamma Radiation

Abstract Natural background gamma radiation was measured along the main roads in the eastern, western and southern regions of Thailand using a car-borne survey system with a 3-in × 3-in NaI (Tl) scintillation spectrometer. The system was able to quickly survey a large area and obtain outdoor absorbed dose rate in air from a gamma ray pulse height distribution. A total of 19 219 data of the outdoor absorbed dose rate in air were collected. The average outdoor absorbed dose rate in air in the eastern, western and southern regions were found to be 8–127, 16–119 and 16–141 nGy h -1 , respectively. The highest outdoor absorbed dose rate in air was detected in the southern region of Thailand. The corresponding average outdoor annual effective dose to the public ranged from 11.7 to 80.8 μSv.

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Evaluation of the Energy Dispersive Detector as a Detector-Filter System for the X-Ray Diffractometer

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800004146 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 322-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Davis Carpenter ◽

John Thatcher

Keyword(s):

Scintillation Detector ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Good Deal ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Pulse Height Distribution ◽

Pulse Height Analyzer ◽

X Ray ◽

Detector Pulse

AbstractA comparison of the relative merits of the energy dispersive derector-pulse height analyzer, scintillation detector-graphite monochromator, and proportional detector-pulse height analyzer combinations.Typical energy dispersive detectors are not configured for maximum efficiency on the diffractometer. Being only on the order of 3 mm diameter, a good deal of the available information is not collected by the detector. This is especially true with the Wide optics found in modern diffractometers. The energy dispersive detector incorporated into this system is optimized for the x-ray diffractometer. Its detection area is a 1.25 X 0.25 inch rectangle. The resolution is only sufficient to remove the Kβ portion of the spectrum.Conventional diffractometer techniques incorporate either a scintillation detector-crystal monochromator, or a proportional detector-pulse height analyser combination. The question posed is “what are the advantages in signal to noise ratio and pulse height distribution of the energy dispersive-pulse height analyzer over the more conventional arrangements.”

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Energy Distributions of 662 keV Multiply Compton-Scattered Photons in Copper

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.726 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 675-676 ◽

pp. 726-729

Author(s):

Pruek Prongsamrong ◽

Kittipong Siengsanoh ◽

P. Limkitjaroenporn ◽

P. Kanchanakul ◽

J. Kaewkhao

Keyword(s):

Intensity Distribution ◽

Scintillation Detector ◽

Pulse Height ◽

Compton Effect ◽

Height Distribution ◽

Pulse Height Distribution ◽

Energy Distributions ◽

Scattering Angle

A scattered photons spectrum from Compton effect were observed by pulse-height distribution of a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. This also results in extraction of intensity distribution of multiply scattered events originating from interactions of 662 keV photons with both targets of copper sizes. The observed pulse-height distributions are a combination of singly and multiply scattered events in same photopeak. To evaluate the contribution of multiply scattered events, the spectrum of singly scattered events used reconstructed analytically. The results show that the lowest multiply scattered events occur at scattering angle 90 degree.

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