Small Areas in the Canadian Census

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hubert

The spatial framework for which the Census of Canada provides data has evolved, through successive censuses, to meet the need of users. Because of the changing nature of the electoral districts of the early censuses, a more permanent spatial framework, namely, the county, and an equivalent area called the census division, was introduced in the 1921 and 1931 censuses. After World War II, users of census data requested a smaller spatial framework. In. 1951 data were available at the municipality level and, in 1961, all census data taken on a 100 per cent basis were available at the enumeration area level. Currently, the ability to provide census data for user-specified areas is being developed through a geocoding system.

Author(s):  
Sebastian T Braun ◽  
Anica Kramer ◽  
Michael Kvasnicka ◽  
Philipp Meier

Abstract This article studies the persistence of a large, unexpected and regionally very unevenly distributed population shock, the inflow of eight million ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe to West Germany after World War II. Using detailed census data from 1939 to 1970, we show that the shock proved persistent within local labor markets, but was largely reversed between labor markets. These results show that the choice of spatial units can significantly affect the estimated persistence of population shocks. They can thus help to explain why previous studies on the persistence of population shocks reached conflicting conclusions.


2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Clarke ◽  
Stuart Macdonald

This paper examines how changing patterns of religious affiliation in Canada have affected its five largest Protestant denominations since World War II, by looking at both Census data as well as church membership and Sunday school enrolment figures. On the whole, these denominations did well in the 1950s, but in the 1960s they experienced a relative decline, and thereafter an absolute decline. This decline, which began among the latter edge of the baby boomers, was sudden and precipitous. So where did their former affiliates go? Some of them identified themselves as having “No Religion.” Others, we will argue using demographic comparisons, identified themselves using the generic terms “Protestant” and “Christian.” These two categories have grown so quickly that they now account for half of the country’s Protestants outside the Protestant 5. Using the same techniques, we will further argue that many of these generic Christians have a weak connection with organized religion. Finally, we argue that the identification of “No Religion” is not a temporary stage in the life cycle, but rather represents a growing and persistent trend. Taken together, these developments signify a persistent and deepening decline among those who would have formerly affiliated with the Protestant 5. In addition to this trend, we also identify a rapidly growing number of youths who have never identified with organized religion. As a result, the Protestant 5 are facing a novel situation in which a growing number of Canadians simply do not have any idea what they, or Christianity in general, are about. Such a situation is an unprecedented one in our nation’s history. And the signs are that this trend is gaining momentum. Le présent article étudie l’impact, depuis la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale, des changements d’affiliation religieuse sur les cinq confessions protestantes les plus importantes au Canada. Cette étude est fondée sur les résultats des recensements et sur le nombre des adhésions aux églises et aux “Sunday Schools”. De manière générale, ces églises ne connurent pas de problème dans les années 1950. À partir des années 1960, un déclin relatif se fit jour, suivi d’un déclin absolu. Ce déclin, amorcé avec la dernière vague des baby boomers, fut soudain et rapide. Qu’est-il advenu des anciens adhérents? Certains d’entre eux disent d’eux-mêmes qu’ils n’ont pas de religion (“aucune religion”). D’autres, selon nos comparaisons démographiques, se placent sous les bannières génériques de “Protestant” et de “Chrétien”. Ces deux catégories ont connu une telle croissance qu’elles renferment maintenant plus de la moitié des Protestants du Canada (hors les cinq confessions protestantes). Nous avançons qu’un nombre de ces “Chrétiens génériques” n’ont qu’un lien lâche avec des groupes religieux organisés traditionnels. Enfin, nous soutenons que le choix de l’appellation “aucune religion” n’est pas temporaire, mais représente plutôt une tendance croissante. Ce sont là des manifestations significatives du déclin des adhésions aux cinq confessions protestantes. De plus, nous notons qu’un nombre croissant de jeunes ne s'identifient à aucune religion organisée traditionnelle. Les cinq confessions protestantes font donc face à une situation nouvelle : un nombre grandissant de Canadiens ne savent pas ce que sont ces confessions, ni ne savent ce qu’est le christianisme. Il s'agit là d’une situation sans précédent dans l’histoire de notre pays, et tout indique que cette tendance va en s'accentuant.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. v-viii

Despite decades of official denial, modern Germany has always been acountry of immigration. From Poles migrating to the Ruhr in the late nineteenthcentury, to German refugees and expellees after World War II, toItalians and Greeks in the 1950s, to ethnic Germans from the formerSoviet Union and refugees from Bosnia in the 1990s, the country has along history of attracting newcomers. In fact, according to the recentlyreleased 2011 census data, approximately 19 percent of the Federal Republic’spopulation of around 80 million has a “migration background.”1 Ofcourse, this national average masks substantial variation at the state or citylevel—places like Hamburg, Berlin and Baden-Württemberg have shares ofresidents with such a background of a quarter or more, whereas the easternLänder have proportions under 5 percent. This sizeable population isalso very different than a generation ago—increasingly rooted and diverse:60 percent of this group has German citizenship and about half of this subgroupwas born in Germany. Regarding countries of origin or ancestry,17.9 percent have origins in Turkey, 13.1 percent in Poland, and about 8.7percent in both Russia and Kazakhstan.


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-105
Author(s):  
Jill M. Sullivan

The purpose of this study was to determine how women music teachers became the United States’ first female military band directors. Interviews with seventy-nine World War II military bandswomen revealed that seven of the ten chosen female directors were music teachers prior to their enlistment in the Army, Coast Guard, or Marines—band and orchestra teachers, music supervisors, and a college professor. Six of those seven directors are included in this study. Research questions pertained to their childhood music education, formal schooling, music-teacher employment, why they quit teaching to enlist, military education, military leadership and performance experiences, how they continued music making after the war, and the meaning of this experience for their lives. Corroboration of interview responses with primary and secondary sources—census data, school records, city directories, social security index, newspaper articles, photographs, diaries, military documents, military and WWII books—revealed that these music educators had accurate memories, outstanding music education and performance backgrounds, substantial leadership experiences, and diverse musical backgrounds that made them good choices for leading military bands and ensembles. All were part of significant firsts for women in the military. Near the end of their lives, they believed that their service as a military band director and musician had substantial impact on their lives and in some cases valued as “the most important” experience of their lives.


Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardino Romano ◽  
Lorena Fiorini ◽  
Alessandro Marucci ◽  
Francesco Zullo

The research presented in the paper intends to overcome an information gap on the evolution of urbanized surfaces in Italy which in the studies carried out so far have never been available. The only historical data on this form of land use date back to the 1950s, and were extracted from a national cartography created by the Military Geographic Institute. The next chronological section available was then that of the noughties, already digital. However, much more frequent data were processed by the ten-year censuses by the National Institute of Statistics, but concerning buildings and not urbanized areas. By processing building census data, this study has put together some novel information on land take dynamics between the end of World War II and the year 2000, highlighting the more intensive processes that occurred at an extraordinary rate in the ‘70′s and ‘80′s, obtaining unprecedented information on the speed of transformation of the territory in these decades of economic boom. Through this method, we were able to obtain numerous geographical indications previously lacking on a national scale, highlight the yet significant vigor of this phenomenon and develop an inferential scenario.


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