Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Kristen yang Kontekstual Bagi Anak Sekolah Minggu Kelas Madya

This paper is a study of the Sunday school curriculum in the church, especially the middle class. Sunday School cannot be separated from the church as a forum for evangelism and teaching about Christian Religious Education. So far, there are still many churches that have not given serious attention to preparing the Sunday School curriculum. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to encourage churches and teachers to prepare a curriculum that is in accordance with the characteristics of middle graders. The method used is a library research method, which examines a contextual Christian religious education curriculum for middle class Sunday schools. The analysis process carried out by the author is to use a variety of trusted electronic and library sources to support the author's analysis. The results obtained in this study are the importance of understanding the nature of Sunday school, the characteristics of middle school children, the appropriate Sunday school curriculum and the involvement of Sunday school teachers. Seeing this, the Christian religious education curriculum in middle class is very urgent to be prepared and paid attention to by the church today based on the needs of Sunday school children. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian terhadap kurikulum sekolah minggu di gereja terutama kelas madya. Sekolah Minggu tidak bisa lepas dari gereja sebagai wadah penginjilan dan pengajaran tentang Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Selama ini masih banyak gereja yang belum memberi perhatian serius dalam mempersiapakan kurikulum anak Sekolah Minggu. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah mendorong gereja dan guru untuk mempersiapkan kurikulum yang sesuai dengan karakteristik anak kelas madya. Metode digunakan adalah metode penelitian pustaka, yang mengkaji kurikulum pendidikan agama Kristen yang kontekstual bagi sekolah minggu kelas madya. Proses analisis yang dilakukan oleh penulis adalah menggunakan berbagai sumber pustaka maupun elektronik yang terpercaya untuk mendukung analisis. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam kajian ini adalah pentingnya memahami hakikat sekolah minggu, karakteristik anak madya, kurikulum sekolah minggu yang sesuai dan keterlibatan guru sekolah minggu. Dengan melihat hal tersebut maka kurikulum pendidikan agama Kristen di kelas madya merupakan hal yang sangat urgen untuk dipersiapkan dan perhatikan oleh gereja saat ini berdasarkan kebutuhan anak-anak sekolah minggu.

Etiquette Speech Acts in the Aspect of Linguo-Didactics

The works of M. Kurushina, I. Linchak, I. Lysenko, M. Shevchenko, H. Sokolova, T. Plotnikovа, D. Polyakov, I. Valchenko and І. Zozula are devoted to the issue of teaching methods in a foreign language audience at the beginner level in Ukrainian linguistics. They study special features of the formation of reading and speaking skills in the Ukrainian language. They examine the types of lexical units, grammatical categories, multi-genre texts that are appropriate for studying at the initial stage. Modern methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language are based on the communicative approach, which resulted in a paradigm shift from the study of vocabulary and grammar to language acquisition through speech acts as ways of communicative interaction in specific communication situations. At the beginner level of learning the Ukrainian as a foreign language, speakers (foreigners studying in Ukraine, students of Ukrainian Studies in the world, the Ukrainian diaspora, children of migrant workers studying at Saturday and Sunday schools abroad) should master the skills of realizing the following etiquette speech acts: apologies, greetings, wishes, thanks, congratulations and farewells. In this regard, the present paper considers features of realization of etiquette speech acts to successfully introduce them into the educational process of Ukrainian as a foreign language at the beginner level (A1). The paper outlines a set of etiquette speech acts, which are studied in a foreign language audience at the beginner level and describes the socio-cultural context of their realization, communicative situation, an addresser / addressee status, communicative goal. It also identifies lexical and grammatical means for the verbalization of etiquette speech acts, which will be studied by foreign language speakers at the beginner level. These are utterances and lexemes that form the content of the relevant speech acts to meet the communicative needs at the beginner level (phrases of greetings and farewells, names of the holidays, names of abstract concepts, etc.). A set of grammatical categories is specified for making correct utterances: indirect cases of nouns and personal pronouns, exclamatory case of nouns; for correct naming of the addressee: conjugation of verbs (to greet / to wish) in the present tense, noun-adjective agreement, examples of verb government, etc. The object of the analysis is also language means of forms of address to the interlocutor, which belong to the global rules of communication, determine its tone, and the violation of which often causes communicative deviations in the Ukrainian language. A system of exercises and tasks for reading, listening, developing monologue and dialogic speech provides effective learning of the etiquette speech acts.

SUNDAY SCHOOLS AS BASIC EDUCATION CENTERS

The article considers the functioning of Sunday schools in the second half of the XIX century. The process of teaching in Sunday schools on the basis of the Rules of 1884 and the Programs of 1886 and 1898 is considered. The functioning of the system of public education in the second half of the XIX century. was represented by the initial level of knowledge acquisition, which is mainly provided by church-parish, Sunday and zemstvo schools. The clergy and the church as a whole have always played an important role in Ukrainian society. One of the important areas of educational work of the Orthodox clergy was the education and upbringing of children. It is difficult to overestimate the church’s contribution to the development and operation of primary education. Educational institutions functioned at monasteries and churches throughout Ukraine. The highest clergy also made a great contribution. It was interested in organizing education for the people, because during this period the clergy remained the most educated section of the population.Sunday schools for adults and children were known as the earliest form of extracurricular education in Russia. They arose in the XVIII century at monasteries, but did not become widespread. From the middle of the XIX century similar schools began to be established at universities, gymnasiums, factories and plants. Their organizers considered the main task of teaching everyone to read and write (reading, writing, arithmetic), as well as the formation of Orthodox morality and spirituality. The program of teaching the Law of God, reading, writing, and arithmetic was compulsory in the first Sunday schools. The first thing that taught the illiterate was reading. Zolotov’s sound technique was widely used, which included three stages of initial learning of reading: acquaintance with vowel sounds, reading syllables, reading according to Zolotov’s tables. Thus, the process of teaching in Sunday schools in the late XIX - early XX centuries. was not homogeneous in content. Sunday schools had some influence in the public education system.

Model Desain Kurikulum Pewartaan Injil untuk Anak Usia Dini di Sekolah Minggu Rumah

Preaching of the gospel through Sunday schools for early childhood in schools is hampered by the pandemic situation. Therefore, it is necessary to design evangelism curriculum for these children while studying Sunday school at home. The purpose of this study is to propose a curriculum design model for evangelism to early childhood at home Sunday school. This research uses literature study method with descriptive qualitative approach. The result of this research is a curriculum design for evangelism that includes aspects of the objectives, content, curriculum organization, curriculum implementation, and evaluation. These aspects are explained in a simple example so that implementation is easy. This is also related to the readiness of parents in economic aspects, time and skills in teaching, as well as their understanding of the Bible. The contribution of this research is a contribution in the field of the Sunday school curriculum.

Kontribusi Metode Bermain Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Dan Hasil Belajar Anak Sekolah Minggu

This article aims to determine the contribution of the play method in improving learning activities and learning outcomes for Sunday School children at the Indria level. Based on the results of field observations, it is known that the activities and learning outcomes of children are not considered good criteria. This is because during the learning process at Sunday Schools, especially at the Indria Level, Sunday School Teachers still apply conventional teaching methods, so that children become bored and pay less attention to what is being taught. This study used a classroom action research method involving 20 children as the research sample. There are two cycles used with four stages starting from planning the action, implementing the action, observing the action and reflecting. The results showed that by applying the play method, children's learning activities increased and children's learning outcomes were also good. ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya kontribusi dari metode bermain dalam meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar anak Sekolah Minggu jenjang Indria. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan, diketahui bahwa aktivitas dan hasil belajar anak belum termasuk kriteria yang baik. Hal ini disebabkan pada saat proses pembelajaran di Sekolah Minggu khususnya di Jenjang Indria, Guru Sekolah Minggu masih menerapkan cara mengajar yang konvensional, sehingga anak menjadi bosan dan kurang memperhatikan apa yang diajarkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Tindakan kelas yang melibatkan 20 anak sebagai sampel penelitian. Ada dua siklus yang digunakan dengan empat tahapan yang dimulai dari perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi tindakan dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan metode bermain, aktivitas belajar anak meningkat dan juga hasil belajar anak menjadi baik.

A Model of Management towards the Excellence of Buddhist Sunday Schools

This research paper aimed to propose a model of management towards the excellence of Buddhist Sunday School. Mixed methods research was designed and it was divided into three steps. The first step was to study management using questionnaires to collect from 109 teachers, and data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean and standard deviation. The second step was to develop the model by interview10 key informants with an interview form. The third step was to propose the model with focus group discussion of 9 experts. Data was analyzed by content analysis. The research study found that management model for the excellence of Buddhist Sunday School was a participatory school management (Bovorn) and was the development of people to become a complete human being, both body, mind, intelligence, knowledge, along with morality, ethics, and culture of living, able to live happily with others consists of 5 elements: 1) Principle, 2) Purpose, 3) Procedure system, 4) Action process consisted of (1) School management at Home (Ban), Temple (Wat), School (Rong-Rian) or called “Bovon” in Thai, (2) Participation in curriculum administration, (3) The teacher is acted as a person of learning, (4) The development of the learner to be a perfect human being of good, clever and happy, (5) Buddhist teaching management integrated with modern science, (6) clean, shady, safe learning resources linked to Thai wisdom, (7) Kalayanamit evaluation, and 5) Evaluation.