THE POLYSACCHARIDES OF CRYPTOCOCCUS LAURENTII (NRRL Y-1401): PART I

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Abercrombie ◽  
J. K. N. Jones ◽  
M. V. Lock ◽  
M. B. Perry ◽  
R. J. Stoodley
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
End Groups

The extracellular polysaccharides produced by Cryptococcuslaurentii have been isolated and shown to consist of (A) an acidic polysaccharide containing D-mannose, D-xylose, and D-glucuronic acid; (B) a neutral polysaccharide containing D-glucose only.Preliminary structural studies on the acidic material suggest that it consists of a mannose-containing backbone with xylose and glucuronic acid as end groups, while the glucan contains 1 → 3, 1 → 4, 1 → 2, and (or) 1 → 6 linked residues.

THE POLYSACGHARIDES OF CRYPTOCOCCUS LAURENTII (Y1401): PART II. BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE CARBOHYDRATES FOUND IN THE ACIDIC POLYSACCHARIDE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2007-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Abercrombie ◽  
J. K. N. Jones ◽  
M. B. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide

Cryptococcuslaurentii was grown on media which contained D-glucose-1-C14, D-glucose-6-C14, D-mannose-1-C14D-galactose-1-C14, D-xylose-1-C14, and L-arabinose-1-C14. The radioactive polysaccharides were isolated and hydrolyzed. The distribution of the radioactivity in D-mannose, D-xylose, and D-glucuronic acid isolated from the polysaccharides was determined.The results show that (A) D-mannose and D-glucuronic acids are formed from the hexoses without any appreciable breakdown of the hexose skeleton; (B) D-xylose is formed from the hexoses mainly by a process involving loss of carbon-6; (C) D-xylose and L-arabinose are both converted to D-mannose, D-xylose, and D-glucuronic acid with rearrangement of the pentose skeleton that may involve the action of transaldolase and transketolase.

Structural Features Inhibiting the Cross-Reaction of the Acidic Polysaccharide from Tremella mesenterica with a Type II Anti-pneumococcal Serum

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Fraser ◽  
H. J. Jennings ◽  
P. Moyna
Keyword(s):  
Steric Hindrance ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharides

The immunochemical behaviors of native, deacetylated, and periodate-oxidized acidic polysaccharides of Cryptococcus laurentii NRRL Y-1401 and Tremella mesenterica NRRL Y-6151 and Y-6158 were examined with type II anti-pneumococcal horse serum. Although the native and deacetylated polysaccharide of Cryptococcus cross-reacted, the equivalent Tremella polysaccharides did not. Smith degradations of the polysaccharides produced a reversal of this effect as the degraded polysaccharides of Tremella cross-reacted whereas that of Cryptococcus now failed to react. On the basis of this study it has now been established that the failure of the Tremella polysaccharides to cross-react with type II antiserum is due to steric interactions. The critical factor involved in the steric hindrance can be attributed to some strategically placed xylose units located in the vicinity of the glucuronic acid determinants. It has also been demonstrated that the periodate stability of the glucuronic acid residues of the Tremella polysaccharides is probably due to the presence of O-acetyl groups on the C-3 position of these residues.

Structural studies of oligosilanes produced by catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of primary organosilanes

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1804-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aitken ◽  
J. F. Harrod ◽  
U. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Molecular Weight Distributions ◽  
Dehydrogenative Coupling ◽  
Weight Distributions ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
End Groups

The structures of some poly(organosilylenes), [Formula: see text] (R = Ph, p-tolyl, n-hexyl, and benzyl), produced by catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of primary silanes have been studied by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopies. These results, combined with data on molecular weights and molecular weight distributions from vapour pressure osmometry and gel permeation chromatography, lead to the conclusion that the polymers are linear and have SiH2R end groups. The polymers all have degrees of polymerization of ca. 10 and very narrow molecular weight dipersions. Some possible features of the mechanism that gives rise to this behaviour are discussed.

Structural Analysis of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Tremella mesenterica NRRL Y-6158

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Fraser ◽  
H. J. Jennings ◽  
P. Moyna
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Limited Variation ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
End Group

An acidic polysaccharide has been isolated from the culture medium of T. mesenterica NRRL Y-6158. The heteropolymer contained D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucuronic acid, and O-acetyl in the molar ratios of 7:5:1:0.7, respectively. Methylation analysis of the heteropolymer indicated that it was essentially a 1 → 3-α-linked mannopyranose backbone having approximately 80% of the backbone units substituted, thus forming a very highly branched structure. The substituents on the backbone were found to be D-glucopyranosyluronic acid end-group, β-linked to the O-2 positions of the mannopyranose units, and 2-O-β-D-linked xylopyranose side-chains, linked both to the O-2 and O-4 positions of the mannopyranose backbone. The methylation analysis suggests that these side-chains are probably two or three xylopyranose units long, although a limited variation in the length of the side-chains is a possibility.

Structural studies of the extracellular polysaccharides elaborated by rhinocladielia elatior and rhinocladiella mansonii

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Kenne ◽  
Bengt Lindberg ◽  
Kurt Petersson ◽  
Per Unger
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Structural Studies

Structural Studies on an Extracellular Acidic Polysaccharide (APS-I) ofRhizobium meliloti201

1983 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan-xiong Yu ◽  
Makoto Hisamatsu ◽  
Akinori Amemura ◽  
Tokuya Harada
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide

Structural Studies of Some Compounds Containing C2 Fragments Attached to Various Metal-Ligand End-Groups

2011 ◽  
Vol 637 (9) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Bruce ◽  
Maryka Gaudio ◽  
Benjamin C. Hall ◽  
Brian K. Nicholson ◽  
Gary J. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Metal Ligand

CONSTITUTION OF A DEGRADED POLYSACCHARIDE FROM WHEAT BRAN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schmorak ◽  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Glycosidic Bond ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
End Group ◽  
Acid Unit

Graded acid hydrolysis of a soluble wheat bran hemicellulose containing L-arabinose (50%), D-xylose (38.5%), and D-glucuronic acid (9.0%) preferentially removed the L-arabinose giving an insoluble acidic polysaccharide in approximately 25% yield by weight. Methylation studies, periodate oxidation data, and hypoiodite end group estimations showed that the degraded polysaccharide was composed of repeating units of 7-8 D-xylopyranose residues joined by β,1 → 4 linkages. To this repeating unit, one D-glucuronic acid unit was attached by a 1 → 2 glycosidic bond. The cellulolytic enzyme of Myrotheciumverrucaria, which is specific for β,1 → 4 glycosidic linkages, hydrolyzed the degraded polysaccharide although it had no effect on the parent hemicellulose

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