Synthetic reactions by complex catalysts. XII. Copper-catalyzed reaction of isocyanide with alcohol

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Saegusa ◽  
Yoshihiko Ito ◽  
Shiro Kobayashi ◽  
Kiwami Hirota ◽  
Nobuyuki Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Allyl Alcohol ◽  
Ternary Complex ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Copper Oxides ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Alkyl Isocyanide ◽  
Unsaturated Alcohols ◽  
Synthetic Reactions ◽  
The Difference

The reaction of alkyl isocyanide with alcohol to produce alkyl formimidate requires catalysis by metal compounds. The catalysts are classified into two groups. The first group includes metallic copper, and the oxides of copper (Cu (I) and Cu (II)), silver, and mercury, which induce the isocyanide reactions of various alcohols including saturated and unsaturated alcohols and amino-alcohol. The second group catalysts are the chlorides of copper (Cu (I)), silver, zinc, and cadmium, which cause the reactions of isocyanide only with special alcohols having strong coordinating tendencies toward the catalyst, as being exemplified by allyl alcohol and β-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol. Among these catalysts, metallic copper and copper oxides are the most effective and give the products almost quantitatively. The difference in catalyst activity between the two groups of catalysts has been explained by assuming a ternary complex consisting of the catalyst, isocyanide, and alcohol as the site of reaction.

∆SCF and Transition Operator (TO) Calculations in the Theoretical Determination of Vertical Ionization Energies in Transition Metal Compounds

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1205-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Transition Metal Compounds ◽  
Transition Operator ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Ionization Energies ◽  
Valence Region ◽  
Vertical Ionization Potentials ◽  
The Difference

The interrelation between theoretically determined vertical ionization potentials in transition metal compounds based on the ∆SCF approximation (Iv,j∆SCF) and based on the “transition operator (TO)” method (Iv,jTO) has been investigated. Numerical results in the outer valence region have been obtained by means of semiempirical INDO calculations. The difference between the calculated ionization energies (Iv,j∆SCF and Iv,jTO) is enlarged with increasing atomic numbers of the transition metal center due to noncompensating terms in third order of perturbation. The neces­sary conditions for the imbalance of both theoretical procedures are large two-electron interaction integrals and highly populated transition metal hole-states. Both requirements are enhanced by going from the left side of the 3d series to the extreme right. For d4-d6 complexes a simplified expression for Iv,j∆SCF has been derived containing only one third order element.

NMR relaxation and neutron scattering in a Fermi-liquid picture of the metallic copper oxides

1990 ◽  
Vol 65 (19) ◽  
pp. 2466-2469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Ping Lu ◽  
Qimiao Si ◽  
Ju H. Kim ◽  
K. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Fermi Liquid ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Nmr Relaxation ◽  
Copper Oxides

scholarly journals Synthetic Reactions by Complex Catalysts. XIV. Reaction of Isocyanide with Amine Catalyzed by Group IB and IIB Metal Compounds

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 3310-3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Saegusa ◽  
Yoshihiko Ito ◽  
Shiro Kobayashi ◽  
Kiwami Hirota ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Reactions

scholarly journals Influence of the Preparation Method of Ag-K/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 Catalysts on Their Structure and Activity for the Simultaneous Removal of Soot and NOx

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cooper ◽  
Thomas E. Davies ◽  
David J. Morgan ◽  
Stan Golunski ◽  
Stuart H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Incipient Wetness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soot Oxidation Activity

Ag/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3, a known catalyst for the simultaneous removal of NOx and soot, was modified by the addition of K, and was prepared using various techniques: wet impregnation, incipient wetness, and chemical vapor impregnation at different temperatures. The effect of the preparation method on catalyst activity was studied. It was found that catalysts prepared via wet impregnation, incipient wetness, and chemical vapor impregnation at 80 °C were able to utilize in situ formed N2O at low temperatures, to simultaneously remove NOx and soot. The difference in preparation method affected the catalyst’s ability to produce and use N2O as an oxidant for soot. The temperature at which chemical vapor impregnation was performed greatly influenced the catalyst’s ability to oxidize soot. The introduction of K to the Ag/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 vastly improved the soot oxidation activity, particularly for the catalyst prepared via wet impregnation. However, the incorporation of K had an adverse effect on the reduction of NOx.

Spin Density for Intermetallic Compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Abeer E. Aly ◽  
D. P. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Spin Density ◽  
Pure Spin ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Density Map ◽  
The Difference

We first performed a pure spin-polarized calculation on Nd2Fe14B using the self-consistent Full Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FPLAPW). The total charge density and the spin density calculated by taking the sum or the difference of spin-up and spin-down charge densities, respectively. In this paper, we present the spin and charge density contours for rare-earth transition metal compounds e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the (001) and (110) planes using spin-polarized only. The charge density map and the spin density map on the (001) and (110) plane of the tetragonal cell show the evidence for covalent bonding between Fe and B atoms.

scholarly journals The Pyrolysis of Glycerol Using Microwave for the Production of Hydrogen

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lailatul Qadariyah ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Pantjawarni Prihatini ◽  
Sofyan Hadi ◽  
Yuni Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Allyl Alcohol ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Metal Solution ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this research was to study pyrolysis of glycerol to produce hydrogen using microwave. The useof microwave aimed to produce high temperatures, because pyrolysis require high temperature.The effect of kindof catalyst and microwave power were studied. The catalyst was activated carbon and Ni/HZSM-5.The catalystof activated carbon was ready to use, whereas Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was obtained by ion exchange fromNa-ZSM-5 with NH4Cl and then HZSM-5 was impregnated with metal solution of Ni (NO3)2.6 H2O.Experiments were conducted by mixing catalyst in the reactor together with glycerol solution of 10% (weightpercent) as much as 100 ml. Reactor was made from pyrex and mounted on microwave equipped with athermocouple. And then, reactor was heated on power of 400-700 Watt during thirty minutes. The reactionproduced gases and liquid to be analyzed by chromatography gas.The conclusion stated that microwave couldpyrolysis glycerol into hydrogen. By product of this reaction were methanol, allyl alcohol, acrolein andunidentified products. The difference of catalyst produced different product as well. The pyrolysis of glycerolusing activated carbon produced conversion of 60 %, while using catalysts Ni/HZSM-5 obtained conversion of87 %. The reaction produced hydrogen gases was relatively small for both of catalysts that is minimum of 0,59%and maximum of 0,88%.

scholarly journals TiO2-supported copper nanoparticles prepared via ion exchange for photocatalytic hydrogen production

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (18) ◽  
pp. 6432-6438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Tian ◽  
Xiao Li Zhang ◽  
Jason Scott ◽  
Charlene Ng ◽  
Rose Amal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reaction Cycles

Cu/TiO2 synthesized through ion exchange provides finer, more highly dispersed metallic copper deposits, displaying a ∼44% greater hydrogen generation capacity than WI Cu/TiO2 prepared using wet impregnation. The difference in activity was maintained over repeated reaction cycles.

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