The phenolic hydroxyl content of lignin in spruce wood

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (23) ◽  
pp. 2411-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Yang ◽  
D. A-I. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl ◽  
Hydroxyl Content ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Cell Corner ◽  
Ultraviolet Microscopy

Values of the phenolic hydroxyl content of the lignin in the secondary wall and cell corner middle lamella of the tracheids in black spruce wood were found by ultraviolet microscopy to be 0.12 and 0.06 PhOH/C9 respectively. The overall value for the lignin in black spruce wood was 0.10 PhOH/C9.

Relative Reactivities of Middle Lamella and Secondary Wall Lignin of Black Spruce Wood

Holzforschung ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Whiting ◽  
D.A.I. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Spruce Wood

Comparing Mechanical Properties of Secondary Wall and Cell Corner Middle Lamella in Spruce Wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Wimmer ◽  
Barry N. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Cell Corner

Mechanical characterizations of the S2 layers and the cell corner middle lamella in the axial direction were investigated in spruce wood, A mechanical properties microprobe capable of measuring hardness and Young's modulus on a spatially resolved basis similar to that of an electron beam microprobe was used. Hardness of the cell comer middle lamella was found to be almost as high as that of the secondary wall, but the Young's modulus of the cell corner middle lamella was 50% less than that of the S2' The S2 showed constant hardness over its range of Young's modulus, but the cell corner middle lamella exhibited a strong correlation (R2 = 0.55) between hardness and the Young's modulus. Further investigations are needed to directly combine chemical and micromechanical properties and also to investigate the mechanical effects of the high variability of cell corner middle lamella chemistry.

The Topochemistry of Delignification Shown by Pulping Middle Lamella and Secondary Wall Tissue from Black Spruce Wood

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Whiting ◽  
D. A. I. Goring Pulp
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Spruce Wood

The composition of the carbohydrates in the middle lamella and secondary wall of tracheids from black spruce wood

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Whiting ◽  
D. A. I. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Softwood Species

Carbohydrate analyses were performed on fractions of tissue from the middle lamella and secondary wall of black spruce tracheids. The concentrations of glucose and mannose were found to be smaller in the middle lamella than in the secondary wall while the concentrations of galactose, arabinose, and xylose were slightly larger in the middle lamella than in the secondary wall. The results obtained are compared with data available in the literature for other softwood species.

Inhomogeneities in the Chemical Structure of Hardwood Lignins

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Önnerud ◽  
G. Gellerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
The Difference

Summary Bauer-McNett fractions of an aspen chemi-thermomechanical pulp showed a significant variation with respect to lignin content and sugar composition, and two of the fractions were found to be particularly rich in middle lamella and secondary wall material, respectively. The secondary wall lignin of aspen was found to contain larger amounts of non-condensed β-O-4 aryl ether structures than the middle lamella lignin and the difference was attributed to a larger amount of syringyl structures as revealed by thioacidolysis. Size exclusion chromatography of the thioacidolysis products from birch and spruce wood showed a larger part of lignin oligomers being present in the degraded spruce lignin. Moreover, birch lignin had a lower phenolic content than both aspen and spruce lignin. Thioacidolysis followed by Raney-nickel desulphuration was used for the analysis of hardwood lignin trimers.

Concentrations of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Secondary Wall and Middle Lamella of Spruce (Picea abies)

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-367
Author(s):  
R. C. Francis ◽  
K. L. Wilson ◽  
A. F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups

Chemical characterization of tissue fractions from the middle lamella and secondary wall of black spruce tracheids

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Whiting ◽  
D. A. I. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Chemical Characterization

The topochemistry of black spruce sulphonation: A TEM/EDXA study

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
R.P. Beatson ◽  
C. Gancet ◽  
C. Heitner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Carbon Coated

Pulps produced by mechanical defibration of sulphite treated black spruce wood chips contain large amounts of lignin. The degree of sulphonation of this lignin has a significant influence on the physical properties of handsheets made from the resulting pulps In earlier work we have described the factors affecting the sulphonation of black spruce.The aim of the present investigation was to determine the differences in reactivity of sulphite towards lignin in the middle lamella and cell wall of black spruce.Black spruce wood chips were well impregnated with sodium base sulphite solutions having pH 7, and then heated at 140° and 80°C for known times. The resulting sulphonated wood chips were cut into small sticks and embedded in Vestopal. Transverse sections, 150 nm thick, were placed on a carbon grid having a single 1 mm hole bearing a collodian film which had been carbon coated. Sulphur contents in the middle lamella and cell wall were determined with a Philips 400 TEM coupled with an EDAX 9100/60 analyser. The concentration of sulphur was taken to be proportional to the x-ray counts in the sulphur Kα window after background subtraction, as shown in Figure 1.

Heterogeneity of lignin concentration in cell corner middle lamella of white birch and black spruce

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Tirumalai ◽  
U. P. Agarwal ◽  
J. R. Obst
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Lignin Concentration ◽  
Cell Corner

Fractional Separation of Middle Lamella and Secondary Wall Tissue From Spruce Wood

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Whiting ◽  
B. D. Favis ◽  
F. G. T. St-germain ◽  
D. A. I. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Spruce Wood
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