An econometric analysis of output supply and input demand in the Canadian softwood lumber industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1419-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S Latta ◽  
Darius M Adams
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Lumber Industry ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Demand Elasticities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Factor Demand ◽  
Wood Demand

Few studies have examined the own-price elasticity of Canadian softwood lumber supply or output-adjusted factor demand elasticities over the past two decades, despite the utility of these measures in understanding producer response to tariffs, to market shifts (such as the decline in U.S. public harvest), and to changes in domestic forest policies. The present analysis employs a normalized, restricted quadratic profit function approach to estimate lumber supply and Marshallian factor demand elasticities for three Canadian regions. Results indicate that the lumber supply elasticity in the British Columbia coast region may be twice as large as that in the interior or eastern regions. Comparison of Hicksian factor demand elasticities with earlier studies suggests that the own price elasticity of labor demand may be two or more times larger than that for wood. Results also indicate differential time trends in Marshallian lumber output and wood demand elasticities across regions, rising in the British Columbia coast and falling elsewhere over the past two decades. Morishima elasticities of substitution from the present and past studies indicate that the wood for labor factor intensity is more sensitive to changes in labor price than is the labor for wood intensity to changes in wood price.

International Trade Relations and Regional Industrial Adjustment: The Implications of the 1982–86 Canadian-US Softwood Lumber Dispute for British Columbia

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hayter
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Lumber Industry ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Complex Interdependence ◽  
Industrial Adjustment ◽  
Undesirable Outcome

To contribute towards a better understanding of the evolving relationships between international trade relations and regional industrial adjustment the author examines the implications of the Canada-US softwood lumber dispute that occurred during the 1980s for the softwood lumber industry of British Columbia. Conceptually, these implications are discussed within a progressively more focused series of trade-relations contexts based on principles of political economy and which are represented by the concepts of complex interdependence, continentalism, and bargaining. Empirically, it is found that the dispute led to an unanticipated and undesirable outcome for the lumber industry of British Columbia. Paradoxically, the dispute provides further encouragement for the lumber industry to diversify its operations, a trend which can be considered beneficial.

Diatom- and Chironomid-Inferred Eutrophication of Bouchie Lake, British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus L. Heinrichs ◽  
Brian F. Cumming ◽  
Kathleen R. Laird ◽  
J. Sanford Hart
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Lower Head ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Historical Land Use

Abstract Diatom and chironomid analysis of sediments encompassing the past 400 years from Bouchie Lake, British Columbia, suggests two distinct periods of limnological conditions. Prior to 1950 AD, Fragilaria construens and F. pinnata are the most common diatom species, and Chironomus, Procladius and Tanytarsini dominate the chironomid record. Moderately low nutrient concentrations consistent with oligo-mesotrophic lakes are inferred. From 1950, the diatom assemblage is dominated by Stephanodiscus parvus, a eutrophic indicator, whereas the chironomid communities show a relative increase in littoral taxa coincident with lower head capsule abundance. Higher nutrient levels, specifically total phosphorus, which increased from 8 µg L-1 prior to 1950 to 20 µg L-1 currently, are coincident with midge communities indicative of lower oxygen concentrations. Observed biotic changes and nutrient levels inferred from the sediment core correspond to historical land-use changes.

Summary of Coastal Geologic Evidence for past Great Earthquakes at the Cascadia Subduction Zone

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian F. Atwater ◽  
Alan R. Nelson ◽  
John J. Clague ◽  
Gary A. Carver ◽  
David K. Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Juan De Fuca

Earthquakes in the past few thousand years have left signs of land-level change, tsunamis, and shaking along the Pacific coast at the Cascadia subduction zone. Sudden lowering of land accounts for many of the buried marsh and forest soils at estuaries between southern British Columbia and northern California. Sand layers on some of these soils imply that tsunamis were triggered by some of the events that lowered the land. Liquefaction features show that inland shaking accompanied sudden coastal subsidence at the Washington-Oregon border about 300 years ago. The combined evidence for subsidence, tsunamis, and shaking shows that earthquakes of magnitude 8 or larger have occurred on the boundary between the overriding North America plate and the downgoing Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates. Intervals between the earthquakes are poorly known because of uncertainties about the number and ages of the earthquakes. Current estimates for individual intervals at specific coastal sites range from a few centuries to about one thousand years.

scholarly journals Brazilian sawn wood price and income elasticity

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Rommel Noce ◽  
José Luiz Pereira de Rezende ◽  
Agostinho Lopes de Souza ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
Márcio Lopes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Wood Panels ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Cross Price Elasticity ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Wood Demand

This study estimated the sawn wood demand price and income elasticity. Specifically it was estimated the price elasticity of sawn wood, the cross price elasticity of wood panels and the income elasticity of Brazilian GDP. A log-log model with correction through outline of the mobile average (MA(1)) was used, adjusted for the period of 1971 to 2006, which showed to be stable, with satisfactory significance levels. It was observed that sawn wood demand is inelastic in relation to price and elastic in relation to income.

The “evolution” of Anomalocaris and its classification in the arthropod class Dinocarida (nov.) and order Radiodonta (nov.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Collins
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Mistaken Identification

The remarkable “evolution” of the reconstructions of Anomalocaris, the extraordinary predator from the 515 million year old Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia, reflects the dramatic changes in our interpretation of early animal life on Earth over the past 100 years. Beginning in 1892 with a claw identified as the abdomen and tail of a phyllocarid crustacean, parts of Anomalocaris have been described variously as a jellyfish, a sea-cucumber, a polychaete worm, a composite of a jellyfish and sponge, or have been attached to other arthropods as appendages. Charles D. Walcott collected complete specimens of Anomalocaris nathorsti between 1911 and 1917, and a Geological Survey of Canada party collected an almost complete specimen of Anomalocaris canadensis in 1966 or 1967, but neither species was adequately described until 1985. At that time they were interpreted by Whittington and Briggs to be representatives of “a hitherto unknown phylum.”Here, using recently collected specimens, the two species are newly reconstructed and described in the genera Anomalocaris and Laggania, and interpreted to be members of an extinct arthropod class, Dinocarida, and order Radiodonta, new to science. The long history of inaccurate reconstruction and mistaken identification of Anomalocaris and Laggania exemplifies our great difficulty in visualizing and classifying, from fossil remains, the many Cambrian animals with no apparent living descendants.

Degrees of Intimacy

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ehrenfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Horseback Riding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Garibaldi Provincial Park ◽  
Walking Stick ◽  
Provincial Park

When we arrived in Vancouver at the start of our vacation, the tabloid headline at the newspaper stand caught our attention. “World’s Bravest Mom,” it shrieked. We stopped to read. The story was simple; it needed no journalistic embellishment. Dusk, August 19, 1996. Mrs. Cindy Parolin is horseback riding with her four children in Tulameen, in southern British Columbia’s Okanagan region. Without warning, a cougar springs out of the vegetation, hurtling at the neck of one of the horses. In the confusion, Steven Parolin, age six, falls off his horse and is seized by the cougar. Mrs. Parolin, armed only with a riding crop, jumps off her horse and challenges the cougar, which drops the bleeding child and springs at her. Ordering her other children to take their wounded brother and go for help, Mrs. Parolin confronts the cougar alone. By the time rescuers reach her an hour later, she is dying. The cat, shot soon afterward, was a small one, little more than sixty pounds. Adult male cougars can weigh as much as 200 pounds, we learn the next day from the BC Environment’s pamphlet entitled “Safety Guide to Cougars.” We are on our way to Garibaldi Provincial Park, where we plan to do some hiking, and have stopped in the park head-quarters for information. “Most British Columbians live all their lives without a glimpse of a cougar, much less a confrontation with one,” says the pamphlet, noting that five people have been killed by cougars in British Columbia in the past hundred years. (Actually, the number is now higher; cougar attacks have become increasingly common in the western United States and Canada in recent years.) “Seeing a cougar should be an exciting and rewarding experience, with both you and the cougar coming away unharmed.”However, the pamphlet notes, cougars seem to be attracted to children as prey, possibly because of “their high-pitched voices, small size, and erratic movements.” When hiking, “make enough noise to prevent surprising a cougar . . . carry a sturdy walking stick to be used as a weapon if necessary,” and “keep children close-at-hand and under control.”

Labor Demand Elasticities

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-135
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Ehrenberg ◽  
Robert S. Smith ◽  
Kevin F. Hallock
Keyword(s):  
Labor Demand ◽  
Demand Elasticities

The Status of Forest Technician Training in Canada

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
George A. Garratt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Technician Training

Stimulated most recently by the reorganization of the post-secondary education systems in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec, the number of formal forest-technician training programs has now increased to 17, two-thirds of them two-year offerings, with several additional courses in prospect for 1969. Enrollments have shown a rather consistent increase over the past six years, as a consequence both of the initiation of 13 new programs during that period and of enlarged student bodies in the older establishments. The number of forest-technician diploma awards reached an all-time high of 472 in 1968, to give a ratio of 4.4 technicians per professional (B.Sc.F.) degree recipient. About two-thirds of the 1968 graduates who entered forestry work were employed by provincial agencies, approximately a fourth were hired by the forest industries, and the balance entered federal service.

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