Canopy carbon and oxygen isotope composition of 9-year-old hoop pine families in relation to seedling carbon isotope composition, growth, field growth performance, and canopy nitrogen concentration

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina V Prasolova ◽  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Graham D Farquhar ◽  
Paul G Saffigna ◽  
Mark J Dieters
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Hoop Pine

Carbon isotope composition (δ13C), oxygen isotope composition (δ18O), and nitrogen concentration (Nmass) of branchlet tissue at two canopy positions were assessed for glasshouse seedlings and 9-year-old hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Ait. ex D. Don) trees from 22 open-pollinated families grown in 5 blocks of a progeny test at a water-limited and nitrogen-deficient site in southeastern Queensland, Australia. Significant variations in canopy δ13C, δ18O, and Nmass existed among the 9-year-old hoop pine families, with a heritability estimate of 0.72 for branchlet δ13C from the upper inner canopy position. There was significant variation in canopy δ13C of glasshouse seedlings between canopy positions and among the families, with a heritability estimate of 0.66. The canopy δ13C was positively related to canopy Nmass only for the upper outer crown in the field (R = 0.62, p < 0.001). Phenotypic correlations existed between tree height and canopy δ13C (R = 0.37–0.41, p < 0.001). Strong correlations were found between family canopy δ13C at this site and those at a wetter site and between field canopy δ13C and glasshouse seedling δ13C. The mechanisms of the variation in canopy δ13C are discussed in relation to canopy photosynthetic capacity as reflected in the Nmass and stomatal conductance as indexed by canopy δ18O.

scholarly journals The inclusions of SiO2 in sublithospheric diamonds

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 948-957
Author(s):  
D. A. Zedgenizov ◽  
A. L. Ragozin ◽  
H. Kagi ◽  
H. Yurimoto ◽  
V. S. Shatsky
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Growth History ◽  
Crustal Origin

The specific features of the mineralogy of SiO2 inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds are described in this study. Such diamonds are characterized by a complex growth history with stages of growth and dissolution and postgrowth processes of deformation and crushing. The nitrogen content in all studied crystals does not exceed 71 ppm and nitrogen is detected only as B-defects. The carbon isotope composition of diamonds varies widely from -26.5 to -6.7 ‰ of δ13С. SiO2 inclusions associate with omphacitic clinopyroxenes, majoritic garnets, CaSiO3, jeffbenite and ferropericlase. All SiO2 inclusions are coesite, which is often accompanied by micro-blocks of kyanite. These phases are suggested to represent the product of the retrograde transformation of the primary Al-stishovite. Significant internal stresses in the inclusions and deformations around them can be evidence of thise phase transformation. The heavier oxygen isotope composition of SiO2 inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds (up to 12.9 δ18O) indicates the crustal origin of their protoliths. The observed anti-correlation of δ18O of SiO2 inclusions and δ13C of their host diamonds reflects the processes of interaction of slab-derived melts with reduced mantle rocks at depths above 270 km.

Herbivore paleodiet and paleoenvironmental changes in Chad during the Pliocene using stable isotope ratios of tooth enamel carbonate

Paleobiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Zazzo ◽  
Hervé Bocherens ◽  
Daniel Billiou ◽  
André Mariotti ◽  
Michel Brunet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Carbon Isotope Composition ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Early Hominid ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope

Chad is a key region for understanding early hominid geographic expansion in relation to late Miocene and Pliocene environmental changes, owing to its location 2500 km west from the Rift Valley and to the occurrence of sites ranging in age from about 6 to 3 Ma, some of which yield fossil hominids. To reconstruct changes in herbivore paleodiet and therefore changes in the paleoenvironment, we measured the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of 80 tooth-enamel samples from three time horizons for nine families of Perissodactyla, Proboscidea, and Artiodactyla. The absence of significant alteration of in vivo isotopic signatures can be determined for carbon, thus allowing paleodietary and paleoenvironmental interpretations to be made.While the results generally confirm previous dietary hypotheses, mostly based on relative crown height, there are some notable surprises. The main discrepancies are found among low-crowned proboscideans (e.g., Anancus) and high-crowned rhinocerotids (Ceratotherium). Both species were more opportunistic feeders than it is usually believed. This result confirms that ancient feeding ecology cannot always be inferred from dental morphology or extant relatives.There is an increase in the average carbon isotope composition of tooth enamel from the oldest unit to the youngest, suggesting that the environment became richer in C4 plants with time. In turn, more C4 plants indicate an opening of the plant cover during this period. This increase in carbon isotope composition is also recorded within genera such as Nyanzachoerus, Ceratotherium, and Hexaprotodon, indicating a change from a C3-dominated to a C4-dominated diet over time. It appears that, unlike other middle Pliocene hominid sites in eastern and southern Africa, this part of Chad was characterized by very open conditions and that savanna-like grasslands were already dominant when hominids were present in the area.

Carbon and oxygen isotope composition of Nautilus macromphalus: a record of thermocline waters off New Caledonia

2004 ◽  
Vol 207 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Cécile Auclair ◽  
Christophe Lecuyer ◽  
Hugo Bucher ◽  
Simon M.F Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope

scholarly journals Effects of mistletoe removal on growth, N and C reserves, and carbon and oxygen isotope composition in Scots pine hosts

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai-Feng Yan ◽  
Arthur Gessler ◽  
Andreas Rigling ◽  
Matthias Dobbertin ◽  
Xing-Guo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Composition ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope
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