Planting Betula pendula on pine sites infested by Heterobasidion annosum: disease transfer, silvicultural evaluation, and community of wood-inhabiting fungi

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Lygis ◽  
Rimvydas Vasiliauskas ◽  
Jan Stenlid
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Somatic Incompatibility ◽  
Forest Sites

Persistence of the root rot pathogen Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.s. on infested areas and its transfer to a forest regeneration was studied in three forest sites in eastern Lithuania. The sites represented H. annosum disease centres in Pinus sylvestris L. stands, which were clear-felled and replanted with Betula pendula Roth 25 years prior to our study. Fungal isolation from trees and stumps on each site was performed on both replanted B. pendula and surrounding P. sylvestris from the previous generation. Low productivity of B. pendula stands (45.0–76.1 m3·ha–1), high mortality rates, and comparatively low vigor of trees (measured as crown densities) indicated a strong impact of root rot. Based on somatic incompatibility tests, we detected large spreading areas of clones of H. annosum (up to 48 m across) and old (35- to 40-year-old) clonal individuals. Territorial clones covered areas that encompassed both previous stands of P. sylvestris and current stands of B. pendula. Our results showed that H. annosum is able to persist in root systems of diseased trees for decades and readily attack birch replanted on infested sites. In addition, a total of 83 fungal species (out of 398 isolates) was found as a result of sampling 508 B. pendula, 49 P. sylvestris, 21 Juniperus communis L., and 1 Salix cinerea L. trees.

Comparison of RAPD technique and somatic incompatibility tests for the identification of Phlebiopsis gigantea strains

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2097-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Roy ◽  
Martine Cormier ◽  
Michel Dessureault ◽  
Richard C. Hamelin
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Somatic Incompatibility ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Phlebiopsis Gigantea ◽  
Combined Use

Somatic incompatibility assays and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were assessed and compared for use in monitoring the survival of introduced strains of Phlebiopsis gigantea, a fungal biocontrol agent used against Heterobasidion annosum root rot. Overall there was concordance between the two methods. All incompatible strains exhibited different RAPD profiles whilst compatible ones, with two exceptions, had the same RAPD profile. Somatic incompatibility tests and RAPD profiles generated by three primers, from which 11 markers were retained, could distinguish field-tested strains from among 60 strains from a population collected in Quebec and Ontario. Furthermore, both methods allowed us to clearly demonstrate the presence of inoculated strains 1 year after treatment. The combined use of these techniques provides a valuable tool for discriminating between different P. gigantea strains and conducting epidemiological studies. Key words: Heterobasidion annosum, vegetative incompatibility, random amplified polymorphic DNA, biological control, Pinus resinosa.

Population structure of Heterobasidion annosum as determined by somatic incompatibility, sexual incompatibility, and isoenzyme patterns

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2268-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Stenlid
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Somatic Incompatibility ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Vegetative Spread ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns

Pure cultures of Heterobasidion annosum were isolated from diseased trees in a 120-year-old Norway spruce stand. Clones of the fungus were identified by three different methods: studies of somatic incompatibility, identification of mating factors, and comparative studies of isoenzyme patterns. All of these methods yielded similar results. The study of somatic incompatibility was found to be the easiest and most reliable method for future investigations of population structures of Heterobasidion annosum. Nine clones were identified within a 60 × 60 m area. The number of trees infected by one clone varied from 1 to 13. The largest area occupied by one single clone was 30 m in diameter. Altogether, 10 different mating alleles were found, of which 2 occurred in four different clones and 2 occurred in two different clones. The vegetative spread of H. annosum between trees within the area occupied by a particular clone was confirmed by excavating root systems.

Diversity of soil-borne fungal species associated to root rot and vine decline of melon in Sardinia (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Infantino ◽  
Virgilio Balmas ◽  
Nicola Schianchi ◽  
Stefano Mocali ◽  
Carolina Chiellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vine Decline

Do ectomycorrhizas affect boron uptake in Betula pendula?

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teija Ruuhola ◽  
Tarja Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Boron Uptake ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
B Uptake ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
Later Phase

The role of mycorrhizas in the uptake of boron (B) is still poorly known; it has been suggested that ectomycorrhizas (ECM) may either increase B uptake or sequester B in forms unavailable for plants. We examined whether ECM infection affects the B uptake compared with nonmycorrhizal plants and whether two ECM fungal species differ in this respect. We inoculated silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings with either Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. or Laccaria sp. Seedlings were fertilized with a complete nutrient solution including B. The whole-plant specific B uptake rates were slightly higher in Laccaria-inoculated seedlings than in noninoculated seedlings. Laccaria seedlings accumulated B transiently in their roots, which led to an increase in the specific leaf uptake rate of B in a later phase. Colonization of seedlings by Paxillus was low, and this fungus did not affect B uptake or allocation. The main result was that mycorrhizas did not affect B uptake and translocation negatively. An ability to accumulate B in mycorrhizas transiently might even make plants more tolerant to temporary B deficiency as they are not so strictly dependent on a continuous external B supply. However, the possibility of retention at very low B availability remains to be studied.

Somatic incompatibility and nuclear reassortment in Heterobasidion annosum

1993 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1223-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Hansen ◽  
J. Stenlid ◽  
M. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Somatic Incompatibility

Identification of Pathogenic Fusarium spp. Responsible for Root Rot of Angelica sinensis and Characterization of their Biological Enemies in Dingxi, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Tian Yuan ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Yue Liang ◽  
UWAREMWE CONSTANTINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Serious Disease

Root rot is a serious disease in plantations of A. sinensis, severely affecting yield and quality and threatening sustainable production. Fusarium isolates (n=32) were obtained from field samples of root rot tissue, leaves and infected soil. Isolates were identified by comparing the sequences of their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and translation elongation factor 1-ɑ (TEF-1ɑ) to sequences of known species in the NCBI-database. These Fusarium isolates include F. tricinctum (43.75%), F. equiseti (31.25%), F. solani (9.37%), F. oxysporum (6.25%), F. acuminatum (6.25%), and F. incarnatum (3.12%). For pathogenicity testing under greenhouse conditions, seven isolates were selected based on a phylogenetic analysis, including four strains of F. tricinctum and one strain each of F. solani, F. oxysporum, and F. acuminatum. The seven isolates were all pathogenic but differed in their ability to infect: the four F. tricinctum strains were capable pathogens causing root rot in A. sinensis at 100% incidence and the highly aggressive. Furthermore, the symptoms of root rot induced by those seven isolates were consistent with typical root rot cases in the field, but their disease severity varied. Observed histopathological preparations of F. tricinctum-infected seedlings and tissue-slides results showed this fungal species can penetrate epidermal cells and colonize the cortical cells where it induces necrosis and severe plasmolysis. Plate confrontation experiments showed that isolated rhizosphere bacteria inhibited the Fusarium pathogens that cause root rot in A. sinensis. Our results provide timely information for informing the use of biocontrol agents for suppression of root rot disease.

scholarly journals Infection and spread of root rot caused by Heterobasidion spp. in Pinus contorta plantations in Northern Europe: three case studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaļuma ◽  
I. Muižnieks ◽  
T. Gaitnieks ◽  
N. Burņeviča ◽  
Ā. Jansons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Clonal Spread

This study investigated the origins and spread patterns of Heterobasidion root disease in three Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loudon plantations established on forest and agricultural land and subjected to three different management scenarios. Trees with decline symptoms and stumps remaining from the previous rotation were sampled for fungal isolations. Ten isolates of Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen and 425 of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. were tested for clonality through somatic compatibility tests. The following conclusions were reached: (i) P. contorta is highly susceptible to H. annosum and H. parviporum and both pathogens cause dieback of P. contorta; (ii) H. annosum from previous-rotation P. sylvestris stumps can effectively transfer to P. contorta; (iii) the pathogens may form constantly expanding territorial clones; (iv) basidiospores of both pathogens colonise stumps of P. contorta (primary infections); (v) H. parviporum clones expanded more slowly than clones of H. annosum; (vi) clonal spread proceeded more quickly from stumps with established secondary infections than from stumps with primary infections; (vii) H. annosum can persist in pine stumps for at least 26 years; and (viii) stump treatment should be considered to control Heterobasidion primary infections.

scholarly journals Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Oak Forests of Two Northeastern States: A Comparison of Trapping Methods and Monitoring for Phoretic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2758-2771
Author(s):  
Marc F DiGirolomo ◽  
Isabel A Munck ◽  
Kevin J Dodds ◽  
Jessica Cancelliere
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Oak Wilt ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Sap Beetles ◽  
Nitidulid Beetles

Abstract Oak wilt is slowly expanding in the northeastern United States. Several nitidulid beetle species are known vectors of the fungus [Bretziella fagacearum (Bretz) Z. W. De Beer, Marinc., T. A. Duong, and M. J. Wingf (Microascales: Ceratocystidaceae)] that causes this disease, acquiring spores from fungal mats on infected trees and transmitting them to uninfected trees. Survey and fungal isolation from captured nitidulid beetles could be an important tool for detecting the presence of this disease in a geographic area not previously known to have oak wilt. In preparation for monitoring activities in such areas, two trapping studies were conducted in the northeastern United States: 1) trap test comparing the efficacy of wind-oriented pipe, multiple-funnel, and modified pitfall traps for nitidulids and 2) wet and dry collection cup comparison. Lures were a combination of nitidulid pheromones and fermenting liquid. Results support the use of multiple-funnel traps over the other two trap types, for both targeted species-specific surveys and community sampling. More total nitidulids, Colopterus truncatus (Randall), and Glischrochilus fasciatus (Olivier) were captured in wet collection cups compared with dry cups. Twenty-seven fungal species were isolated, none of which were B. fagacearum. Many fungi isolated from beetles were plant pathogens, indicating that in addition to the oak wilt fungus, sap beetles may contribute to the spread of other plant diseases.

scholarly journals Ecological Constraints Limit the Fitness of Fungal Hybrids in the Heterobasidion annosum Species Complex

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (19) ◽  
pp. 6106-6111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Garbelotto ◽  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Giovanni Nicolotti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Postzygotic Isolation ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Isolation Mechanisms

ABSTRACT The ability of two closely related species to maintain species boundaries in spite of retained interfertility between them is a documented driving force of speciation. Experimental evidence to support possible interspecific postzygotic isolation mechanisms for organisms belonging to the kingdom Fungi is still missing. Here we report on the outcome of a series of controlled comparative inoculation experiments of parental wild genotypes and F1 hybrid genotypes between closely related and interfertile taxa within the Heterobasidion annosum fungal species complex. Results indicated that these fungal hybrids are not genetically unfit but can fare as well as parental genotypes when inoculated on substrates favorable to both parents. However, when placed in substrates favoring one of the parents, hybrids are less competitive than the parental genotypes specialized on that substrate. Furthermore, in some but not all fungus × plant combinations, a clear asymmetry in fitness was observed between hybrids carrying identical nuclear genomes but different cytoplasms. This work provides some of the first experimental evidence of ecologically driven postzygotic reinforcement of isolation between closely related fungal species characterized by marked host specificity. Host specialization is one of the most striking traits of a large number of symbiotic and parasitic fungi; thus, we suggest the ecological mechanism proven here to reinforce isolation among Heterobasidion spp. may be generally valid for host-specialized fungi. The validity of this generalization is supported by the low number of known fungal hybrids and by their distinctive feature of being found in substrates different from those colonized by parental species.

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