A method for estimating wood chip brightness and its applications1This article is a contribution to the series The Role of Sensors in the New Forest Products Industry and Bioeconomy.

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2114-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Q. Hu ◽  
Michelle Zhao ◽  
Paul Bicho ◽  
Pierre Losier
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control

Methods for estimating wood chip brightness are important in classifying wood chips in chip piles, stabilizing chip brightness in the pulping process, and reducing bleaching chemical consumption in pulp mills. They also allow us to understand and control factors including outdoor storage in the summer that affect chip and pulp brightness. An accurate off-line method for estimating wood chip brightness has been developed. The method involves a two-stage grinding of air-dried wood chips to powders with small particle sizes and narrow size distributions and measurement of ISO (International Standardization Organization) brightness of the resulting powders. Using this method, ISO brightness values of 20 mill or pilot-plant thermomechanical pulps (TMP) can be linearly correlated, with an r2 value of 0.885, with ISO brightness of the mill or pilot-plant wood chips. Analyses of wood chips and TMP samples taken from a TMP mill every month for 1 year show that both the chip and TMP brightness values are the lowest in July. The method can be used for laboratory analysis of chip brightness, monitoring of chip brightness monthly variation in pulp mills, and checking the accuracy of the on-line chip brightness measurement system.

scholarly journals Young people and sun safety: the role of attitudes, norms and control factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie G. Robinson ◽  
Katherine M. White ◽  
Ross McD. Young ◽  
Peter J. Anderson ◽  
Melissa K. Hyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sun Safety ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
And Control

Safer Sex Behavior: The Role of Attitudes, Norms, and Control Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 2164-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. White ◽  
Deborah J. Terry ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Safer Sex ◽  
Sex Behavior ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
And Control

The role of sensors in the new forest products industry and forest bioeconomy

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2097-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Trung ◽  
Brigitte Leblon
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
New Product ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
New Forest

Forests are a natural resource of major economic significance to Canada, contributing $13.5 billion (2006) to the Canadian economy. However, the forest products industry is essentially an export industry and must compete locally and globally. The development of new and emerging products including biofuel and biomaterial derived from woody biomass will further drive up wood costs. As such, new products and process innovation are required to reduce production costs and gain market share. In this editorial, we summarize the role of sensors and how the use of sensors could provide means for cost reduction and new product development.

scholarly journals Credit Availability: A Possible Barrier to Growth for the Alaska Forest Products Industry?

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Donovan ◽  
Hayley Hesseln ◽  
John Garth
Keyword(s):  
Mail Survey ◽  
Credit Rationing ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Forest Products Industry ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Credit Availability ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Loan Guarantees ◽  
Future Growth

Abstract Historically, the Alaska forest products industry has been driven by pulp production and the export of logs and cants primarily to Japan. Economic stagnation in Japan, the closure of Alaska's two pulp mills, harvest restrictions, and increased competition have severely impacted the industry. To survive, the industry must make significant investments in capital equipment, which requires adequate access to business credit. This article examines whether credit availability is a barrier to the future growth of the industry. Data were collected through a mail survey in spring 2002. Our results show that credit rationing is prevalent throughout the industry. Lack of experience and low collateral are identified as the two main causes. An educational program and loan guarantees are offered as policy prescriptions to help alleviate credit rationing. West. J. Appl. For. 20(3):177–183.

Strategies for implementation and validation of on-line models for multivariate monitoring and control of wood chip properties

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (34) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pär Jonsson ◽  
Michael Sjöström ◽  
Lars Wallbäcks ◽  
Henrik Antti
Keyword(s):  
Wood Chip ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
On Line ◽  
Multivariate Monitoring ◽  
And Control

The Role of Familiar Size in the Control of Grasping

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Marotta ◽  
M. A. Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Familiar Size ◽  
Depth Cue ◽  
On Line ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined whether the learned pictorial depth cue of “familiar size” could be used to plan a reaching and grasping movement in the absence of binocular vision. Sixteen right-handed subjects were presented with two different arrays, under monocular and binocular viewing conditions, in which a range of different “grasp-sized” spheres that were lit from within could be presented in an otherwise darkened environment. In the “familiar-size” presentation array, only one “standard” sized sphere was presented, which gave subjects an opportunity to learn the relationship between the standard sphere's retinal image size and its distance. In the “multiple” spheres presentation array, subjects could not learn such a relationship because on any one trial, one of four different sphere sizes could be present. In a second experiment, the effects of this paradigm on six subjects' perceptual reports of distance were examined by having subjects slide their index fingers apart along a horizontal rod to indicate the estimated distance of the spheres. When familiar size could not be used as a cue to distance, subjects produced more on-line corrections in their reaching and grasping movements to the standard-sized spheres—but only under monocular viewing conditions. It appears that subjects are able to exploit the learned relationship between an object's distance and its projected retinal image size to help program and control reaching and grasping movements when binocular vision is not available. Although the influence of familiar size on subjects' perceptual estimates is less clear, it is clear that subjects' perceptual estimates show poor absolute scaling for distance. This result further supports the notion that under normal viewing conditions the visuomotor system uses binocular information to program and control manual prehension, but is able to use pictorial information when binocular vision is denied.

scholarly journals Ukrainian perspectives of immersive journalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
O. Kyrylova
Keyword(s):  
Technological Factor ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Social Advertising ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Changes in the scientific discourse regarding the definition of the concept of “immersive journalism” are considered and the main stages of the critical understanding of the phenomenon are identified. The role of the technological factor as a concept-forming element of VR-communication is studied. 360 ° videos, published on the official YouTube channels of the 1 + 1 television company and Radio Liberty Ukraine in 2015-2019, were studied using the Witmer-Singer methodology. The four groups of factors were identified that ensure the presence in a virtual environment. Several video formats were analyzed: news stories, social advertising, special projects, video broadcasts, multimedia projects, among which there is both event and author’s content. It was determined that factors constantly affect each other, influencing also the main components of the VR effect – presence, involvement and immersion. Videos claiming maximum efficiency should rely on sensory and distraction factors, since the immersive complex “presence + involvement + inclusion” depends on them. In the analyzed texts, the hierarchy of factors is as follows: in the first place are the distraction factors (which makes sense), but the second place is taken by the realism factors despite the format of the text. It is emphasized that realism should come to the fore, if immersive technologies are used in creating news stories and the user is not able to control the composition. In this case, the presence is formed through the immersion in the story. Author’s journalistic texts are created using the methods that allow users to influence the course of the story, propose their own chronotope and create different levels of emotional immersion through, for example, maximum involvement. World practice proves the effectiveness of this principle, but Ukrainian journalists do not use it. Sensory and control factors are usually overlooked, the attention is usually paid to the sensory modality and the anticipation of an action, which are integral elements of journalistic videos.

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