Identification, abundance, and origin of moss, liverwort, and algal contaminants in greenhouses of containerized forest nurseries

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. M. Ross ◽  
George S. Puritch
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Soil Mix ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Five containerized forest nurseries in British Columbia were surveyed for cryptogam (moss, liverwort, and algal) contamination. Fourteen cryptogam species (five bryophyte and nine algal species) were identified from contaminated styroblock containers. No cryptogams were cultured from the peat and soil mix samples and no mosses or liverworts were detected in the water samples. Algae were found in water samples of two of the five nurseries, but only one of these had species similar to those contaminating the styroblocks. Air samples contained moss, liverwort, and six of the nine algal contaminant species. The relative abundance and distribution of cryptogams at each nursery is given and data are presented which indicate an airborne mode of contamination. The results are discussed with respect to the nature of the contamination and possible control of cryptogam pests in greenhouses of containerized forest nurseries.

Sirococcus blight: a seed-borne disease of container-grown spruce seedlings in Coastal British Columbia forest nurseries

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Sutherland ◽  
W. Lock ◽  
S. H. Farris
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Container Nurseries ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Soil Mix ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Empty Seeds

Sirococcus blight, caused by Sirococcus strobilinus Preuss, was shown to be a seed-borne disease of container-grown Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., P. glauca (Moench) Voss, P. engelmannii Parry, and P. glauca × P. engelmannii spruces. The fungus was best detected by germinating seeds from seedlots with consistent disease histories, in autoclaved soil mix in pots (kept at 16 to 20 °C, and at light intensities of 900 to 1800 lx), and isolating the pathogen from diseased seedlings. Seed-borne isolates of S. strobilinus were pathogenic to P. sitchensis seedlings. The pathogen was present on 0.3 to 3.1% of the seeds of infested seedlots. Seeds with shrunken contents yielded the pathogen seven to nine times more often than seeds with normal-appearing contents. Disease incidence was unrelated to seedcoat damage or prevalence of empty seeds. Histological examinations revealed presence of the pathogen throughout the endosperm and embryo tissues of diseased seeds. The results are discussed in relation to incidence of Sirococcus blight in Coastal, container nurseries.

scholarly journals RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRUE SPIDER FAMILIES IN ASSUIT GOVERNORATE

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
A. Metwaly ◽  
M. Abd El-Kader ◽  
S. Montaser ◽  
M. Ahmed ◽  
H. Qurany
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

scholarly journals A Preliminary Survey of Amphibians and Reptiles in around Gulbarga University Campus, Karnataka, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Murali Jadesh ◽  
Parshuram Kamble ◽  
K. Manjunath ◽  
K. Ravikiran ◽  
Sharanappa Padashetty
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

The study involves survey of amphibian and reptile in and around Gulbarga University Campus. Survey was conducted from Jan 2012 to March 2013. The survey methods involved careful visual estimation of amphibians and reptilian in all the possible habitats present in the study area. The objective of the study included evaluate of species composition, relative abundance and distribution of amphibian and reptile of the chosen area. During survey a total of 16 species of herpetofauna identified belonging to 12 families, which includes 9 species of snakes, 4 species amphibians, 3 species of lizards

Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Large River ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

<em>Abstract.</em>—An investigation of historical fisheries information for pools 4–13 of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) was conducted to 1) determine the pre-1938 relative abundance and distribution of bluegill <em>Lepomis macrochirus </em>and largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides, </em>2) determine the composition and relative abundance of the preimpoundment fish assemblage, and 3) determine if a shift in frequency of occurrence and relative abundance has occurred due to impoundment.

scholarly journals Relative Abundance and Distribution of Mariana Swiftlets (Aves: Apodidae) in the Northern Mariana Islands1

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine B. Cruz ◽  
Shelly R. Kremer ◽  
Gayle Martin ◽  
Laura L. Williams ◽  
Vicente A. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

scholarly journals qPCR Assays for the Detection of Cylindrocladium buxicola in Plant, Water, and Air Samples

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1082-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gehesquière ◽  
S. D'Haeyer ◽  
K. T. K. Pham ◽  
A. J. Van Kuik ◽  
M. Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Latently Infected

Cylindrocladium buxicola (syn. C. pseudonaviculatum; teleomorph Calonectria pseudonaviculata) is an important fungal pathogen of Buxus spp. Although widespread in Western Europe, this pathogen has only recently been introduced into North America, where it represents a significant threat to the U.S. and Canadian boxwood industries. Trade of latently infected nursery stock is an important mode of long-distance dissemination and introduction of this pathogen but no methods for detection of latently infected material are available. Also, the pathways for short-distance dispersal of C. buxicola have not been adequately studied. Improved detection methods of this pathogen in air and water samples would benefit future research in this area. We have developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of C. buxicola based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS) and the β-tubulin 2 gene (TUB). Using a TaqMan probe conjugated with a 3′ minor groove binding group (TaqMan MGB probe), the ITS-based assay could reliably detect as little as 10 fg of genomic DNA or 20 copies of cloned target DNA and was approximately 70 times more sensitive than the SYBR Green TUB-based assay. The ITS-based assay provided good but not complete specificity, and is well suited for epidemiological studies. The TUB-based assay, however, proved to be fully specific and can be used for diagnostics. We developed and optimized sample processing and DNA extraction methods for detection of latently present C. buxicola in boxwood plants and quantification of conidia in water and air samples. C. buxicola could be detected in 20 g of plant material, of which only 1 ppm of the tissue was infected, in 10-ml water samples containing as low as 1 conidium/ml, and on Melinex tape pieces representing 12 h of air sampling containing 10 or more conidia. The applicability of the techniques to plant, water, and air samples of practical size was demonstrated.

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