Role of Sporormiellasimilis as a potential bioprotectant of Populustremuloides wood against the blue-stain fungus Ophiostomapiliferum

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
L. Trifonov ◽  
L.J. Hutchison ◽  
Y Hiratsuka ◽  
W.A. Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

Interactions between Sporormiellasimilis Khan & Cain and the blue-stain fungus Ophiostomapiliferum (Fr.) H. & P. Sydow, both isolated from Populustremuloides Michx. wood, were investigated. Sporormiellasimilis significantly reduced the growth of O. piliferum in vitro when grown in dual culture, in addition to inhibiting the growth of O. piliferum on agar media and in liquid culture when treated with a culture filtrate of S. similis. Ophiostomapiliferum failed to colonize P. tremuloides wood chips when they were preinoculated with S. similis. Ten known compounds were isolated and identified from the culture filtrate of S. similis. These compounds showed varied fungitoxic effect against O. piliferum at concentrations of 1 to 1000 μg/mL. The potential for S. similis as a biological control agent against O. piliferum on P. tremuloides is discussed.

Potential for biological protection against blue stain in Populustremuloides with a hyphomycetous fungus, Stachybotryscylindrospora

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hiratsuka ◽  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
S. Miao ◽  
W.A. Ayer
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Biological Protection

Interactions between a blue-stain fungus, Ophiostomacrassivaginatum (H.D. Griffin) T.C. Harrington, and a hyphomycetous fungus, Stachybotryscylindrospora C.N. Jensen, from Populustremuloides Michx. were studied. Stachybotryscylindrospora inhibited the in vitro growth of O. crassivaginatum when grown in dual culture. A culture filtrate of S. cylindrospora reduced the growth of O. crassivaginatum on both agar media and in liquid culture. Stachybotryscylindrospora, previously inoculated on P. tremuloides wood chips, prevented colonization of O. crassivaginatum on the same chips. Two known fungitoxic compounds, trichodermin and trichodermol, were isolated and identified from culture filtrates of S. cylindrospora. Both of these compounds significantly inhibited the growth of O. crassivaginatum in vitro. Stachybotryscylindrospora can be considered as a candidate for biological protection of wood chips and wood products of aspen from the stain-producing fungus, O. crassivaginatum.

scholarly journals Cladobotryum mycophilum as Potential Biocontrol Agent

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Mila Santos ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra ◽  
Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽  
Francisco J. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

A study was conducted to explore the efficacy of potential biocontrol agent Cladobotryum mycophilum against different phytopathogenic fungi. The growth rates of 24 isolates of C. mycophilum were determined, and their antagonistic activity was analysed in vitro and in vivo against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum and Mycosphaerella melonis. Most isolates grow rapidly, reaching the opposite end of the Petri dish within 72–96 h. Under dual-culture assays, C. mycophilum showed antagonistic activity in vitro against all phytopathogenic fungi tested, with mycelial growth inhibition ranging from 30 to 90% against all the different phytopathogens tested. Similarly, of all the selected isolates, CL60A, CL17A and CL18A significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease incidence and severity in the plant assays compared to the controls for the different pathosystems studied. Based on these results, we conclude that C. mycophilum can be considered as a potential biological control agent in agriculture. This is the first study of Cladobotryum mycophilum as a biological control agent for different diseases caused by highly relevant phytopathogens in horticulture.

In vitro production of the biological control agent Heterorhabditis indica SL0708 in different agar media

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1090-1105
Author(s):  
Esteban Neira-Monsalve ◽  
Adriana Sáenz-Aponte ◽  
María Ximena Rodríguez-Bocanegra ◽  
Ivonne Gutiérrez-Rojas ◽  
Wilson Terán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Vitro Production

scholarly journals Uji Antagonisme Bacillus cereus terhadap Rhizoctonia solani dan Sclerotium rolfsii

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayah ◽  
Titiek Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Unfavorable Condition

<p>Jamur Rhizoctonia solani dan Sclerotium rolfsii merupakan kelompok jamur steril (tidak menghasilkan spora) tetapi dapat menghasilkan sklerosia sebagai sumber inokulum primer, dan struktur istirahat jamur yang dapat bertahan selama beberapa tahun di dalam tanah saat kondisi lingkungan kurang menguntungkan. Penggunaan fungisida, fumigasi, dan solarisasi tanah telah digunakan untuk mengendalikan kedua jamur tersebut, namun hasil yang diperoleh masih beragam. Pengendalian hayati dengan menggunakan bakteri Bacillus sp. yang merupakan salah satu kelompok agens hayati patogen diketahui memberikan hasil yang baik pada beberapa tanaman. Penelitian yang bertujuan menguji potensi B. cereus dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. solani dan S. rolfsii secara in vitro dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Balittas dengan menggunakan metode dual culture pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Miselia jamur R. solani dan S. rolfsii masing-masing berumur 5 hari diambil dengan menggunakan cork borer ukuran 0,5 cm ditanam pada media PDA berhadapan dengan B. cereus dengan jarak 3 cm. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang empat kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur oleh Bacillus sp. dan laju pertumbuhan jamur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bacillus sp. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselia R. solani dan S. rolfsii masing-masing sebesar 68,9% dan 33% pada hari ketiga setelah perlakuan. Keberadaan B. cereus dapat memperlambat laju pertumbuhan R. solani (15,5 mm/24 jam), dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol (tanpa B. cereus) sebesar 19,7 mm/24 jam. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa B. cereus dapat menghambat pertumbuhan R. solani dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati.</p><p> </p><p>Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii (the causal agents of damping off disease on various hosts) are the group of sterile fungi that cannot produce spores. Nevertheless, they produce sclerotia as primary inocula and resting spores when facing unfavorable condition. Several control methods using chemical fungicides and solarization had been conducted, but the results were still inconsistent. In addition, the use of Bacillus sp. as a biological control agent for several plant diseases had provided successful results. Furthermore, the research aimed to evaluate the potency of B. cereus towards R. solani and S. rolfsii in vitro was carried out in the laboratory of phytopathology using dual culture method on PDA medium. Five days of R. solani and S. rolfsii miselia were plugged and inoculated on PDA medium toward B. cereus. The research was arranged by completely randomized design with four replicates. The percentage of fungal inhibition and fungal growth rate were observed. The result showed that B. cereus exhibited mycelial growth inhibition activity of R. solani and S. rolfsii by 68,9% and 33% three days after treatments, respectively. The result also indicated that<br />B. cereus has a potential prospect to be developed as a biological control agent because the bacteria could suspend the growth rate of R. solani.</p>

Small Mammals as Predators of Sawflies

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Neodiprion Abietis ◽  
Ample Opportunity ◽  
Pristiphora Erichsonii ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
One Year

The greatest predatory effect of small mammals is exerted upon insects that spend a portion of their life cycle on the ground or in the soil. Sawflies afford ample opportunity for mammalian predation, since they drop to the ground as mature larvae and spin cocoons in the soil. Such sawflies as Neodiprion abietis Harr., which remain within the cocoon for about three weeks, undergo only moderate risk of being preyed upon by small mammal. However, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) remains within the cocoon from about mid-August until the following June, or even over more than one year, thus greatly extending the vulnerable period. Earlier investigations suggest that small mammals may comprise the largest single biological control agent acting against this insect (Graham 1928, Lejeune 1951), but the exact role of mammalian predators of forest insects has yet to be established.

scholarly journals Effect of Timing of Application of the Biological Control Agent Microsphaeropsis ochracea on the Production and Ejection Pattern of Ascospores by Venturia inaequalis

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1305-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Carisse ◽  
D. Rolland
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sterile Leaf ◽  
Ascospore Production ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Leaf Disks

Field and in vitro trials were conducted to establish the influence of the biological control agent Microsphaeropsis ochracea on the ejection pattern of ascospores by Venturia inaequalis and on apple scab development, and to establish the best timing of application. The ejection pattern of ascospores was similar on leaves sprayed with M. ochracea and on untreated leaves. Fall application of M. ochracea combined with a delayed-fungicide program was evaluated in orchards with intermediate and high scab risk. For both orchards, it was possible to delay the first three and two infection periods in 1998 and 1999, respectively, without causing significant increase or unacceptable leaf and fruit scab incidence. To evaluate the best timing of application, sterile leaf disks were inoculated with V. inaequalis and then with M. ochracea 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks later. After incubation under optimal conditions for pseudothecia development, the number of ascospores was counted. Similarly, M. ochracea was sprayed on scabbed leaves on seven occasions from August to November 1999 and 2000. Leaves were overwintered on the orchard floor and ascospore production was evaluated the following spring. Ascospore production was reduced by 97 to 100% on leaf disks inoculated with M. ochracea less than 6 weeks after inoculation with V. inaequalis, but ascospore production increased with increasing period of time when M. ochracea was applied 8 to 16 weeks after the inoculation with V. inaequalis. In the orchard, the greatest reduction in production of ascospores (94 to 96% in 2000 and 99% in 2001) occurred on leaves sprayed with M. ochracea in August. The production of ascospores was reduced by 61 to 84% in 2000 and 93% in 2001 on leaves sprayed with M. ochracea in September, reduced by 64 to 86% in 2000 and 74 to 89% in 2001 on leaves sprayed in October, and reduced by 54 and 67% in 2000 and 2001, respectively, on leaves sprayed in November. It was concluded that M. ochracea should be applied in August or September and that ascospore maturation models and delayed-fungicide program could be used in orchards treated with this biological control agent.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Biological Control Agent for Potato Soft Rot in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
A. M. Akanda ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
And Storage

A total of 91 isolates of probable antagonistic bacteria of potato soft rot bacteriumErwinia carotovorasubsp.carotovora(Ecc) were extracted from rhizospheres and endophytes of various crop plants, different soil varieties, and atmospheres in the potato farming areas of Bangladesh. Antibacterial activity of the isolated probable antagonistic bacteria was testedin vitroagainst the previously identified most common and most virulent soft rot causing bacterial strain Ecc P-138. Only two isolates E-45 and E-65 significantly inhibited thein vitrogrowth of Ecc P-138. Physiological, biochemical, and carbon source utilization tests identified isolate E-65 as a member of the genusBacillusand the isolate E-45 asLactobacillussp. The stronger antagonistic activity against Ecc P-138 was found in E-65in vitroscreening and storage potatoes. E-65 reduced the soft rot infection to 22-week storage potatoes of different varieties by 32.5–62.5% in model experiment, demonstrating its strong potential to be used as an effective biological control agent for the major pectolytic bacteria Ecc. The highest (62.5%) antagonistic effect of E-65 was observed in the Granola and the lowest (32.7%) of that was found in the Cardinal varieties of the Bangladeshi potatoes. The findings suggest that isolate E-65 could be exploited as a biocontrol agent for potato tubers.

scholarly journals Role of Biocontrol Agents in Management of Corm Rot of Saffron Caused by Fusarium oxysporum

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Vishal Gupta ◽  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
Kausar Fatima ◽  
Vijay Kumar Razdan ◽  
Bhagwati Charan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Maximum Reduction

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is considered as one of the most expensive spices. Fusarium corm rot of saffron, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is known to cause severe yield losses worldwide. In the present study, efficacy of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma asperellum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus stratosphericus, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus subtilis) along with a chemical fungicide, carbendazim, was evaluated for managing the corm rot of saffron. Under in vitro conditions, using dual culture and poison food techniques on potato dextrose agar, T. asperellum and carbendazim significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen F. oxysporum, with the inhibition of 62.76 and 60.27%, respectively, compared with control. Under field conditions, dipping of saffron corms in carbendazim and T. asperellum exhibited maximum reduction of 82.77 and 77.84%, respectively, in the disease incidence, during the first year of experiment. However, during the second year, maximum reduction in the incidence of corm rot (68.63%) was recorded with the T. asperellum. Moreover, the population density of F. oxysporum was also significantly reduced by 60 and 80.19% while using T. asperellum after 75 and 260 days of sowing of saffron corms, compared to its population before planting of corms. In case of growth promotion traits, such as sprouting and flowering, biocontrol treatments reduced the number of days (average) of sprouting and flower emergence after sowing, compared to control.

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