Characterization of Morganella sp. for its Paraquat Degradation Potential

One of the beneficial roles of the microbial population is their ability to convert toxic herbicides to lesser toxic compounds such as water and carbon (IV) oxide. Paraquat which is an acutely toxic herbicide is used on farmlands and has been found to affect human health. This study was aimed at characterizing bacteria with the potential to degrade paraquat. Previously isolated bacteria from culture collection labelled A-F were screened for their potential to degrade and utilized paraquat as the sole carbon source in Bushnell Hass agar media. Of the six isolates, isolate E (Morganella sp.) was observed to have the highest growth and tolerance to paraquat after 72 h of incubation at 37 ºC. Characterization study revealed that Morganella sp. can utilize and grow with optimum conditions of pH 6.5, the temperature of 30 ºC and can tolerate up to 400 mg/L paraquat concentration with an increase in growth as inoculum size increases. Thus, these findings showed that Morganella sp. can degrade toxic paraquat to a less toxic form and therefore can be a good isolate for the future bioremediation process of the pollutant.

Pembelajaran Menulis Teks Deskripsi Menggunakan Media Sosial Instagram

Di zaman saat ini tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa perkembangan serta kemajuan teknologi sangatlah pesat. Begitu juga dengan penggunaan media sosial yang tidak terbatas pada komunitas kalangan. Melainkan, sudah tersebar di seluruh lapisan kalangan terkhusus kalangan remaja. Media sosial yang dimaksud salah satunya adalah instagram. Instagram adalah sebuah media komunikasi yang relatif baru di mana pengguna dapat membagikan pembaruan mereka serta mengirimkan foto atau video (Hu et al., 2014). Hal menarik dari instagram adalah sebuah fitur yang dapat menambahkan sebuah teks yang biasa disebut caption untuk memberi penjelasan terhadap gambar atau video yang diunggah.Dalam ketenaran sebuah media sosial tersebut ada sisi yang sangat disayangkan, karena dinilai lebih banyak dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan dari penggunaan media sosial instagram seperti penyebaran konten SARA, hoaks, dan lain-lain terutama di kalangan pelajar (Afrizal, 2020). Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah inovasi agar media sosial khususnya instagram dapat dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin dalam suasana belajar. Seperti halnya sebagai media pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi dan tentunya para peserta didik dapat mempraktikkan secara langsung menulis teks deskripsi tentang gambar yang dilihat dan juga diamati. Dengan ini sebuah media dapat mendukung dan memberikan manfaat dalam menciptakan pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan, salah satunya adalah penggunaan media sosial instagram dalam pembelajaran menulis teks deskripsi. Sehingga, media sosial menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi pelajar.

Germination biology of the exotic ice cream bean (Inga edulis Mart.) seed from Bedugul, Bali

Inga edulis is an exotic edible Fabaceae species locally known as buah es krim in Bedugul, Bali. The plant species is a favourite fruit for consumption and trading due to the sweet sarcostesta. Wild I. edulis are abundantly grown in Bedugul. The current study aim is to describes I. edulis germination biology. This study will provide data for I. edulis future research both in its domestication and invasion prevention. I. edulis seeds are collected two times from wild plants growing within Bali Botanic Garden. A total of twenty-one I. edulis seeds are germinated in a clear closed plastic container with agar media at Bali Botanic Garden Seed Bank Laboratory. The germination process was observed daily until the seventh day after sowing (DAS) while number of seedlings was calculated in the last observation day. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis was conducted to describe I. edulis seed germination biology. This study result shows that I. edulis seeds produce high germination percentage rapidly. I. edulis seeds exhibited hypogeal germination and phanerocotylar hypogeal with reserve storage seedling functional type. Polyembryony was also present with a single seed can produce up to four seedlings.

ISOLATION, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF DIAZOTROPIC BACTERIA FROM VIRGIN SOIL FROM ARAKU VALLEY AND ASSESSMENT OF OF AMMONIA ACCUMULATION AT SALINE CONDITIONS

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are widely distributed in nature where they reduce atmospheric nitrogen in soil or in association with plant. They have been found in a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats in both temperate and tropical regions of the word. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in symbiotic associations with plants free living in soil. The objective of the present research was to isolate free living Nitrogen fixing bacteria from virgin soil samples in araku valley and assessment of their ammonia accumulation at saline conditions. 10 soil samples were collected in different place from virgin areas. For isolation of the free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, Nitrogen free media like Jensens Medium and Azotobacter Agar were used. Serially diluted soil samples were spread on the agar media and incubated for 48 hours. Eleven morphologically different bacteria were separated on made pure colonies on nutrient agar media. All bacteria were under go biochemical characterization which reveals that all these bacteria related to Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Clostridium. High ammonia liberating isolate MGN-10 was molecular characterizes as Azotobacter chroococcum and this soil application increase the plant growth in terms of growth parameters.

Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Feces of Bali Cattle With Reproductive Disorders

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global issue in animal, human and environmental health. The AMR profile of Escherichia coli reflects the use of antibiotics in production animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the feces of female Bali cattle with reproductive disorders. Feces samples were taken purposively using a swab on 4 rectums from 7 Bali cattle with reproductive disorders in June 2021 in Lando Village, East Lombok Regency. Escherichia coli samples were isolated on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media and identified by biochemical tests. An antibiotic resistance test against Escherichia coli was carried out by the disk diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the test were Penicillin G 10 U, Oxytetracycline 30 g, Gentamicin 10 g, and Tetracycline 30 g, and Cefotaxime 30 g. The results of planting on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media obtained 4 Escherichia coli which were successfully isolated from 4 samples of Bali cattle feces. Data on the level of Escherichia coli susceptibility level to various antibiotics were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of the susceptibility test to antibiotics showed that 4 samples of Escherichia coli (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, (25%) were resistant to Oxytetracycline, (25%) were resistant to Cefotaxime, and (100%) samples of Escherichia coli were sensitive to Gentamicin and Tetracycline. The chi-square test on the level of Escherichia coli susceptibility to various antibiotics was significant with p˂ 0.05 (p-value = 0.012). The results of this study have shown that Escherichia coli from Bali cattle feces experience multidrug resistance which later on might have an impact on human health and the environment.

ANALISIS KONSEP DAN KOMPONEN VISUAL DASAR POSTER “TOBACCO BREAK HEARTS”

<p>Seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat akan informasi tentang kesehatan, iklan layanan masyarakat merupakan salah satu media yang tepat untuk dipakai para penggiat dalam melakukan promosi kesehatan. Media sebagai sumber informasi haruslah dirancang sebaik mungkin mulai dari konsep hingga bentuk visualnya. Dalam perkembangannya, media iklan layanan masyarakat di Indonesia masih perlu dikembangkan agar kualitasnya bisa setara secara global. Meningkatnya kualitas media iklan layanan masyarakat akan berdampak positif terhadap target penyampaian pesan secara persuasif, kreatifitas dan inovasi harus terus diterapkan. Berdasarkan hal ini, bidang keilmuan desain komunikasi visual hadir untuk berkolaborasi dalam perancangan media iklan layanan masyarakat sebagai pemecah masalah. Proses perancangan tidak bisa dilakukan secara instan, ada beberapa proses yang harus dilalui seperti proses penyusunan konsep serta layout visual. Dalam menyusun konsep dan layout visual secara mendasar ada beberapa aspek yang perlu diperhatikan meliputi aspek komunikasi dan aspek visual. Aspek komunikasi dibutuhkan sebagai bentuk strategi komunikasi yang terperinci dalam menyampaikan informasi kepada khalayak, sementara aspek visual dibutuhkan sebagai bentuk penyajian yang baik dalam mempersepsikan gagasan agar media mudah diterima dan diingat oleh khalayak. Metode penelitian secara kualitatif dipakai dalam menganalisis media poster iklan layanan masyarakat sebagai objek penelitian. Pemahaman akan hal tersebut diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas media terutama iklan layanan masyarakat yang bergerak di bidang kesehatan.</p>

Re-Evaluation of the Taxonomy of Talaromyces minioluteus

Talaromyces minioluteus belongs to the section Trachyspermi, has a worldwide distribution and has been found on various substrates, especially on various (stored) food commodities and indoor environments. This species is phenotypically and phylogenetically closely related to T. chongqingensis and T. minnesotensis. The phylogenetic and morphological analyses of 37 strains previously identified as T. chongqingensis, T. minnesotensis and T. minioluteus revealed that this clade incudes eight species: the accepted species T. chongqingensis, T. minnesotensis and T. minioluteus, the newly proposed species T. calidominioluteus, T. africanus and T. germanicus, and the new combinations T. gaditanus (basionym Penicillium gaditanum) and T. samsonii (basionym Penicillium samsonii). In this study, we give insight of the phylogenetic relationships and provide detailed descriptions of the species belonging to this clade. Macromorphological features, especially colony growth rates, texture and conidial colors on agar media, are important characters for phenotypic differentiation between species.

Antibacterial Activities and Toxicity of Streptosporangium sp. SM1P

This study aims to explore the anti-bacterial and toxicity activities from a rare actinobacterium isolated from mangrove, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. The mangrove mud sample from Mempawah district was inoculated on ISP4 agar using a pour plate method. After 4 days of incubation, a colony of suspected actinobacterium was appeared, then isolated and coded as SM1P. SM1P was characterized based on morphological and biochemical traits and identified as a genus of Streptroporangium then called Streptroporangium sp. SM1P. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was carried out anti-bacterial assay on both ISP1 agar and ISP4 agar media using the cross-streak method for the solid-state fermentation. The result showed that Streptroporangium sp. SM1P could inhibit Streptococcus sp. and Salmonella typhi on ISP1 agar and treptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi on ISP4 agar. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was cultivated on ISP1 broth and extracted using ethyl acetate, then evaporated to obtain crude extract. The crude extract was used for anti-bacterial assay (well-diffusion method for liquid-state fermentation) and toxicity assay (brine shrimp lethality test). The crude extract was active against 2 of the test bacteria (Streptococcus sp. and E. coli). The best medium and state fermentation for anti-bacterial assay were ISP4 agar with the condition of solid-state fermentation. The extract SM1P prepared on ISP1 broth showed toxic activity based on LC50 (106.094 µg/mL). Therefore, Streptroporangium sp. SM1P have a potential source to explore secondary metabolites having anti-bacterial and toxicity activities.

Antioxidant and inhibitory activity of Roselle Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa known as roselle, which belongs to the family Malvaceae, grows in sub-tropical and tropical region including Indonesia. Several studies have reported the benefits of roselle for health. Roselle extract has been shown to have antibacterial effect as a support for antibacterial therapy, especially for case of antibiotic resistance, and antioxidant effect which can neutralize free radicals. Purpose: The aim of this study was obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition concentration (IC50) of roselle extract. Methods: Antibacterial effect of roselle extract against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was tested in nutrient agar media using diffusion method. Antioxidant activity of roselle extract was performed by DPPH. The violet color of DPPH solutions that was reduced by roselle extract were measured using visible spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 516 nm. Result: The result of this study obtained the (MIC) and IC50 of roselle extract were 2,5% and 1251±202,32 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that roselle extract have antibacterial effect against MRSA and antioxidant effect.