PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE LIVER: EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, ADRENALECTOMY, AND ADMINISTRATIONOF ACTH ON THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHATE INTO RNA NUCLEOTIDES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Logan ◽  
F. C. Heagy ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

The specific activity of the liver RNA nucleotide phosphorus, relative to the specific activity of the liver inorganic phosphate, was determined in the rat, 16 hr. after an intraperitoneal injection of radioactive inorganic phosphate. The nucleotides were isolated by ionophoresis on paper strips.Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the relative specific activity of each of the four RNA nucleotides. The administration of ACTH caused an increase in the incorporation of P32 into each of the RNA nucleotides of the liver of hypophysectomized animals, but it caused a small and statistically significant decrease in normal animals. Adrenalectomy, either in normal or in hypophysectomized rats, did not affect the P32 incorporation, nor did the administration of ACTH in the absence of the adrenal glands.It is concluded that ACTH can affect the incorporation of P32 into the RNA of the liver and that this effect is due to the action of the hormone on the adrenal cortex. However, other factors also must be operative, since removal of the adrenal glands does not cause the decrease in the P32 incorporation observed after removal of the pituitary.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE LIVER: EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, ADRENALECTOMY, AND ADMINISTRATIONOF ACTH ON THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHATE INTO RNA NUCLEOTIDES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
J. E. Logan ◽  
F. C. Heagy ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

The specific activity of the liver RNA nucleotide phosphorus, relative to the specific activity of the liver inorganic phosphate, was determined in the rat, 16 hr. after an intraperitoneal injection of radioactive inorganic phosphate. The nucleotides were isolated by ionophoresis on paper strips.Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the relative specific activity of each of the four RNA nucleotides. The administration of ACTH caused an increase in the incorporation of P32 into each of the RNA nucleotides of the liver of hypophysectomized animals, but it caused a small and statistically significant decrease in normal animals. Adrenalectomy, either in normal or in hypophysectomized rats, did not affect the P32 incorporation, nor did the administration of ACTH in the absence of the adrenal glands.It is concluded that ACTH can affect the incorporation of P32 into the RNA of the liver and that this effect is due to the action of the hormone on the adrenal cortex. However, other factors also must be operative, since removal of the adrenal glands does not cause the decrease in the P32 incorporation observed after removal of the pituitary.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND ADMINISTRATION OF ACTH ON INCORPORATION OF P32 INTO INORGANIC PHOSPHATE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Riedel ◽  
J. E. Logan ◽  
H. A. DeLuca ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Significant Change

In confirmation of the work of others, the concentration of inorganic phosphate (P) in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats was found to be less than that in the plasma of control animals. Hypophysectomy caused no significant change in the concentration of inorganic P in the adrenal gland or liver. A single intraperitoneal injection of each of two preparations of ACTH failed to cause any significant change in the concentrations of inorganic P in plasma, adrenal, or liver.The specific activity of the inorganic P in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P labelled with P32 was greater than that in the control animals. Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenal gland relative to that of the inorganic P of the plasma. Each of the two preparations of ACTH, given to the hypophysectomized animals as a single intraperitoneal injection 20 hr. before killing, restored the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenals to normal values. When the ACTH was administered six hours before killing, one of the preparations (ACTH A) caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenals, but a second preparation (ACTH C) was without significant effect.The increase in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma comes on slowly (quite small two days after hypophysectomy), whereas the decrease in the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenal gland comes on rapidly (maximal two days after hypophysectomy). For this reason, at longer time intervals after hypophysectomy (greater than six days) the absolute activity of the acid-soluble P of the adrenal, i.e. the activity not referred to that of the inorganic P of the plasma, was greater in hypophysectomized animals, and not less, as reported by other workers. The activity of this fraction is less in hypophysectomized animals only if the observations are made at short time intervals after removal of the pituitary. Evidence is presented for the view that the increase in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma is the result of changes brought about by a deficiency of growth hormone, whereas the decrease in the relative specific activity of the adrenal is due to a deficiency of ACTH.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND ADMINISTRATION OF ACTH ON INCORPORATION OF P32 INTO INORGANIC PHOSPHATE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Riedel ◽  
J. E. Logan ◽  
H. A. DeLuca ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Significant Change

In confirmation of the work of others, the concentration of inorganic phosphate (P) in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats was found to be less than that in the plasma of control animals. Hypophysectomy caused no significant change in the concentration of inorganic P in the adrenal gland or liver. A single intraperitoneal injection of each of two preparations of ACTH failed to cause any significant change in the concentrations of inorganic P in plasma, adrenal, or liver.The specific activity of the inorganic P in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P labelled with P32 was greater than that in the control animals. Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenal gland relative to that of the inorganic P of the plasma. Each of the two preparations of ACTH, given to the hypophysectomized animals as a single intraperitoneal injection 20 hr. before killing, restored the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenals to normal values. When the ACTH was administered six hours before killing, one of the preparations (ACTH A) caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenals, but a second preparation (ACTH C) was without significant effect.The increase in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma comes on slowly (quite small two days after hypophysectomy), whereas the decrease in the relative specific activity of the inorganic P of the adrenal gland comes on rapidly (maximal two days after hypophysectomy). For this reason, at longer time intervals after hypophysectomy (greater than six days) the absolute activity of the acid-soluble P of the adrenal, i.e. the activity not referred to that of the inorganic P of the plasma, was greater in hypophysectomized animals, and not less, as reported by other workers. The activity of this fraction is less in hypophysectomized animals only if the observations are made at short time intervals after removal of the pituitary. Evidence is presented for the view that the increase in the specific activity of the inorganic P of the plasma is the result of changes brought about by a deficiency of growth hormone, whereas the decrease in the relative specific activity of the adrenal is due to a deficiency of ACTH.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF THE RAT: EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO A COLD ENVIRONMENT FOR EIGHT DAYS ON THE AMOUNTS AND P32-LABELLING OF PHOSPHOLIPID AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
F. C. Heagy ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Inorganic P

The incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with P32 into the lipid P and ribonucleotide P of the adrenal glands of rats exposed to cold (3 ± 1 °C.) for eight days was measured 16 hr. after the P32 injection. In the cold-exposed animals, there was a decrease in the specific activity of both the lipid P and the ribonucleotide P and also a decrease in the specific activity of the lipid P and the ribonucleotide P relative to that of the inorganic P of the adrenal. The cold exposure caused an increase in the amounts of lipid P, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) per pair of adrenals. There was an increase in the ratio lipid P: DNA-P, but no change in the ratio RNA-P: DNA-P. Calculation showed that the cold exposure caused a decrease in the percentage renewal rate of both lipid P and ribonucleotide P, most of which could be attributed to the increased amounts of lipid P and ribonucleotide P present at the beginning of the isotope experiment. However, when allowance for this was made by calculating the renewal rates of the P of the phospholipid and RNA per pair of adrenals, the values remained slightly less in the cold-exposed animals.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF THE RAT: EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO A COLD ENVIRONMENT FOR EIGHT DAYS ON THE AMOUNTS AND P32-LABELLING OF PHOSPHOLIPID AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
F. C. Heagy ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Inorganic P

The incorporation of inorganic phosphate labelled with P32 into the lipid P and ribonucleotide P of the adrenal glands of rats exposed to cold (3 ± 1 °C.) for eight days was measured 16 hr. after the P32 injection. In the cold-exposed animals, there was a decrease in the specific activity of both the lipid P and the ribonucleotide P and also a decrease in the specific activity of the lipid P and the ribonucleotide P relative to that of the inorganic P of the adrenal. The cold exposure caused an increase in the amounts of lipid P, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) per pair of adrenals. There was an increase in the ratio lipid P: DNA-P, but no change in the ratio RNA-P: DNA-P. Calculation showed that the cold exposure caused a decrease in the percentage renewal rate of both lipid P and ribonucleotide P, most of which could be attributed to the increased amounts of lipid P and ribonucleotide P present at the beginning of the isotope experiment. However, when allowance for this was made by calculating the renewal rates of the P of the phospholipid and RNA per pair of adrenals, the values remained slightly less in the cold-exposed animals.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENALINE, HISTAMINE, AND PITRESSIN ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
Carolyn Graham
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Valid Index

The relative specific activity of the inorganic phosphorus of the adrenal gland of rats 2 hours after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P32 was increased by the administration of adrenaline, histamine, or commercial pitressin. These substances are all known to cause a depletion of the adrenal ascorbic acid. The effect on the adrenal phosphorus metabolism, like the effect on the adrenal ascorbic acid, was absent or greatly reduced in hypophysectomized rats and in rats previously treated with cortisone.In hypophysectomized rats the administration of exogenous ACTH caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the adrenal inorganic P and, again like the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion, this increase was not abolished by previous treatment with cortisone.These results, together with other observations on adrenal phosphorus metabolism previously reported for rats exposed to a cold environment, strongly suggest that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is controlled by the same factors that control the depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid. It is, therefore, concluded that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is a valid index of the activity of the adrenal cortex.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENALINE, HISTAMINE, AND PITRESSIN ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
Carolyn Graham
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Valid Index

The relative specific activity of the inorganic phosphorus of the adrenal gland of rats 2 hours after an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic P32 was increased by the administration of adrenaline, histamine, or commercial pitressin. These substances are all known to cause a depletion of the adrenal ascorbic acid. The effect on the adrenal phosphorus metabolism, like the effect on the adrenal ascorbic acid, was absent or greatly reduced in hypophysectomized rats and in rats previously treated with cortisone.In hypophysectomized rats the administration of exogenous ACTH caused an increase in the relative specific activity of the adrenal inorganic P and, again like the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion, this increase was not abolished by previous treatment with cortisone.These results, together with other observations on adrenal phosphorus metabolism previously reported for rats exposed to a cold environment, strongly suggest that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is controlled by the same factors that control the depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid. It is, therefore, concluded that the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the adrenal gland is a valid index of the activity of the adrenal cortex.

scholarly journals STUDIES OF PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN MAN: II. A STUDY OF THE PERMEABILITY OF THE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE TO INORGANIC PHOSPHATE IN VITRO BY THE USE OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHATE (P32)

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 1472-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. L. TAYLOR ◽  
S. M. LEVENSON ◽  
M. A. ADAMS ◽  
MARY KENDRICK
Keyword(s):  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Phosphate Exchange ◽  
Inorganic Fraction

Abstract 1. Phosphate exchange in red cells and plasma was studied in vitro using P32 in the form of sodium phosphate as a tracer. 2. No phosphate was added other than the isotopic preparation which was of high specific activity. 3. Inorganic phosphate exchanged freely between the plasma and the erythrocytes at 37.5 C. in a period of four hours. Minimal transfer occurred at 7 C. 4. Most of the added P32 which passed into the erythrocytes during this time remained in the inorganic fraction, less than 15 per cent being found in the organic acid soluble fraction. 5. The specific activity of the inorganic phosphate of the erythrocytes was equal to or greater than that obtaining for the inorganic phosphate of the plasma at the end of the four hour incubation period at 37.5 C.

“IN VIVO” AND “IN VITRO” EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID AND ACTH ON THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
A. DesMarais ◽  
J. Leblanc
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Histochemical Examination

Histochemical examination of adrenal glands of hypophysectomized rats given both ascorbic acid and ACTH showed an enlargement of the cortex and a decrease of sudanophilic substances, as compared to adrenals of hypophysectomized rats receiving ACTH alone. “In vitro” experiments on incubated slices of adrenal glands have shown that ascorbic acid and ACTH have a synergistic effect on the secretory activity of the cells of the adrenal cortex.

PHOSPHORYLATION OF DIGLYCERIDES BY RAT BRAIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Stimulation Of

The addition of D-α,β-dimyristin was observed to stimulate by three to six times the labelling of phospholipids from radioactive inorganic phosphate (Pi32) by glycolysing homogenates and respiring mitochondria of rat brain. The increase in labelling was confined to the glycerophosphate (GP) isolated by two-dimensional chromatography from the water-soluble hydrolysis products obtained on weak alkaline treatment of the labelled phospholipids. The GP formed under these conditions is presumed to be derived mainly from phosphatidic acid formed by the phosphorylation of the diglyceride. A similar effect was observed for D-α,β-dipalmitin, D-α,β-diolein, and natural diglycerides prepared from either egg lecithin or spinal cord lecithin, but not for D-α-β-distearin. L-α,β-Diolein was much less effective than the D-isomer, suggesting a stereospecificity on the part of the enzymic phosphorylation of diglyceride. Experiments on the effects of the omission of Mg++ and the addition of glycolytic inhibitors on the stimulation of the labelling from Pi32 caused by D-α,β-dimyristin and D-α,β-diolein in the anaerobic homogenate system suggested that the increased phosphorylation caused by added diglycerides was closely coupled to active glycolysis. A comparison of the relative specific activity of the lipid P, following incubation of Pi32 and ATP32 in the anaerobic homogenate system inhibited by fluoride with and without D-α,β-diolein added, showed that the phosphate of the newly formed phosphatidic acid was derived from ATP, suggesting the presence of a D-α,β-diglyceride kinase.

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