THE INFLUENCE OF THE THYROID GLAND ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AND THE PANCREAS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
B. Kinash ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Pancreas Weight ◽  
Intact Rats

When sufficiently large amounts of desiccated thyroid gland were administered to intact or hypophysectomized rats there was an increase in the weight of the pancreas, weight of the islets of Langerhans, and islet weight per unit of body weight. In intact rats the concentration of islet tissue in the pancreas was not significantly altered, but in hypophysectomized animals the concentration of islet tissue in the pancreas was reduced because of the large increase in pancreas weight. The great reduction in pancreas weight occasioned by hypophysectomy was to a large extent prevented by the administration of desiccated thyroid gland.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE THYROID GLAND ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AND THE PANCREAS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kinash ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Great Reduction ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Pancreas Weight ◽  
Intact Rats

When sufficiently large amounts of desiccated thyroid gland were administered to intact or hypophysectomized rats there was an increase in the weight of the pancreas, weight of the islets of Langerhans, and islet weight per unit of body weight. In intact rats the concentration of islet tissue in the pancreas was not significantly altered, but in hypophysectomized animals the concentration of islet tissue in the pancreas was reduced because of the large increase in pancreas weight. The great reduction in pancreas weight occasioned by hypophysectomy was to a large extent prevented by the administration of desiccated thyroid gland.

CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RAT, AND THE EFFECT ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF GLUCOSE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kinash ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Pancreas Weight

A method is described for the continuous intravenous infusion of fluids in the unanesthetized rat. When rats were infused continuously with glucose solutions for 6–14 days the total amount of islet tissue was greatly increased, as compared to that of saline-infused controls. This increase was evident also when considered in relation to pancreas weight or body weight.

THE EFFECT OF THYROID ADMINISTRATION ON THE PANCREATIC AMYLASE ACTIVITY OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND INTACT RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine O. Maykut ◽  
Margaret T. Nishikawara ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Amylase ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Marked Atrophy ◽  
Intact Rats

The administration of desiccated thyroid gland to hypophysectomized rats prevented the marked atrophy of the pancreas which was consistently observed following hypophysectomy. Thyroid feeding at two dose levels led to a significant increase in the pancreatic amylase activity of hypophysectomized rats. This held whether the results were expressed as total activity or were given as activity per unit of body weight, per unit of pancreas, or per mg nitrogen. Except for the activity per unit of body weight, the amylase activity of the thyroid-treated hypophysectomized rats was significantly lower than the amylase activity in untreated, intact controls. In the thyroid-fed, hypophysectomized rats the amylase activity per unit of body weight was not significantly different from that of intact, untreated controls.Thyroid administration in intact rats resulted in a decrease in the pancreatic amylase activity.

CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RAT, AND THE EFFECT ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF GLUCOSE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kinash ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Pancreas Weight

A method is described for the continuous intravenous infusion of fluids in the unanesthetized rat. When rats were infused continuously with glucose solutions for 6–14 days the total amount of islet tissue was greatly increased, as compared to that of saline-infused controls. This increase was evident also when considered in relation to pancreas weight or body weight.

THE EFFECT OF THYROID ADMINISTRATION ON THE PANCREATIC AMYLASE ACTIVITY OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND INTACT RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1373-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelaine O. Maykut ◽  
Margaret T. Nishikawara ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Amylase ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Marked Atrophy ◽  
Intact Rats

The administration of desiccated thyroid gland to hypophysectomized rats prevented the marked atrophy of the pancreas which was consistently observed following hypophysectomy. Thyroid feeding at two dose levels led to a significant increase in the pancreatic amylase activity of hypophysectomized rats. This held whether the results were expressed as total activity or were given as activity per unit of body weight, per unit of pancreas, or per mg nitrogen. Except for the activity per unit of body weight, the amylase activity of the thyroid-treated hypophysectomized rats was significantly lower than the amylase activity in untreated, intact controls. In the thyroid-fed, hypophysectomized rats the amylase activity per unit of body weight was not significantly different from that of intact, untreated controls.Thyroid administration in intact rats resulted in a decrease in the pancreatic amylase activity.

EXPERIMENTAL PROTEIN-CALORIE DEFICIENCY: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS OF PIGS

1967 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. PLATT ◽  
R. J. C. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Islet Tissue

SUMMARY The endocrine glands of the protein-calorie deficient animals were smaller than those of pigs of the same age normally fed. However, relative to body weight, the adrenals were large, the hypophysis within the normal range, the thymus small and the pancreas and thyroid showed wide variations attributable to different degrees of oedema. In the tissues of the endocrine glands of the protein-calorie deficient animals the cells exhibited a loss of cytoplasm and, when normally present, of secretory granules, the severity of the change varying widely between the different organs of the same animal. Thus the exocrine portion of the pancreas was more severely affected than the islet tissue; within the latter β cells showed greater changes than did α cells. The cells of the thyroid gland were flattened and epithelioid in shape and those of the hypophysis were small, with many partially or wholly degranulated chromophiles. The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex was usually less severely affected, with, at some stages, a relatively excessive activity which contributed to the precarious endocrine balance. Since most of the animals were killed before sexual maturity less attention was given to the gonads. Testes, however, appeared to be affected by the deficiency to a greater extent than did ovaries. The relationships between protein-calorie deficiency, hypophysectomy and an excess of corticosteroids are discussed. It is suggested that in protein-calorie deficiency, an adequate supply of protein for anabolic purposes is the primary factor with a subsequent alteration in hormonal secretions playing an important, but secondary, role.

The Islets of Langerhans of the Pancreas of Macropodid Marsupials: a Comparison With Eutherian Species.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW White ◽  
CJF Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pancreas Weight

The islets of Langerhans were studied in the pancreas of the red kangaroo, grey kangaroo and euro, and compared with those of the brush-tailed possum and of various eutherian species. The mean (� SE) percentages of insulin-producing (B) cells in the islets of the species studied were: red kangaroo, 8.1kO.58; grey kangaroo, l5.9 � 0.74; euro, 9.9 � 0.82; possum, 52.7 � 0.84; sheep, 12.5 � 1.16; cattle, 74.6 � 0.58; rabbit 76.9 � 0.83; rat, 66.9 � 0.43. The low proportions of B cells in the islets of the kangaroos and sheep were accompanied by high proportions of glucagon-producing cells and agranular cells. The size of the islets, estimated from the number of cells per islet, was smallest in the sheep and largest in cattle (23.5 � 1.27 and 66.3 � 4.75 cells per islet respectively). However, the total number of islet cells per unit area of pancreas was significantly different only between euros (432 � 28.8) and cattle (848 � 100.7). Significant, negative correlations were found between pancreas weight as a percentage of live body weight and live body weight in the three species of kangaroo. The data for all species subscribed to the hypothesis that, in mammals, as body size increase the relative mass of the pancreas decreases.

THE EFFECT OF ACTH, CORTISONE, DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE, AND ACTH PLUS THYROID ON THE AMYLOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE PANCREAS IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND INTACT RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret T. Nishikawara ◽  
Rosemary D. Hawkins ◽  
R. E. Haist
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Amylolytic Activity ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Pancreas Weight ◽  
Intact Rats

After hypophysectomy the pancreas was reduced in weight and its amylolytic activity decreased. This activity was restored partially by the administration of ACTH or by cortisone, but desoxycorticosterone was without significant effect. When both ACTH and desiccated thyroid were given together, complete restoration of pancreas weight per unit of body weight was achieved but amylolytic activity, though significantly increased over the levels found in the hypophysectomized animals, was still below that found in intact pair-fed controls. It appears that part of the pituitary influence in maintaining the exocrine pancreas is mediated through the adrenal cortex and that the 11-oxygenated steroids are involved in this effect.

DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN AUTOGRAFTS ON THE GREATER OMENTUM IN SPAYED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS AND IN CASTRATES TREATED WITH METHALLIBURE, GONADOTROPHINS AND OESTRADIOL BENZOATE

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Ber
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Greater Omentum ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Complete Cessation ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT Hypophysectomy was performed at the same time as ovariectomy in 19 rats aged 6 weeks; in addition a fragment of the animal's own ovary was implanted into the greater omentum. The graft took but there was complete cessation of the growth of the implant and a decrease in body and uterine weights as compared to 15 ovariectomized controls of the same age killed after one month. This shows that the pituitary is indispensable for the growth of ovarian implants but not for their take. In 84 spayed rats aged 3 weeks with ovarian implants, methallibure (6 mg/day in a 0.2% solution of Tween 20) was given by gavage during one month. Some of them were treated with PMSG (20 IU/day), HCG (20 IU/day) or with oestradiol benzoate (0.05 mg/day) only or in combinations. As controls, there were 74 spayed rats with ovarian implants, seven of which received Tween 20, and 67 were untreated. No differences were found between the two control groups. Methallibure alone caused arrest of the development of the implants and uteri and a decrease in body weight. In the methallibure treated animals HCG stimulated the growth of the implant which was, however, smaller than that in the controls, while PMSG restored the weight of the implant even above that of the control rats. Oestradiol benzoate caused a further diminution in the size of the implants but augmented considerably the influence of HCG on the implants. It had no effect on the weight of the implant in rats treated with PMSG. It is concluded that FSH is the principal implant growth-promoting factor and that oestrogens appear to act in two directions. They decrease the gonadotrophin output from the pituitary thus inhibiting the growth of the implants, but in the presence of gonadotrophins they act directly on the implants, promoting their development.

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