STUDIES ON THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS BY ADRENAL GLANDS FROM NORMOTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Davignon ◽  
Erich Koiw ◽  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Gilles Tremblay ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
The Mean

The production of aldosterone and other corticosteroids by adrenal glands surgically removed from 5 normotensive subjects with renal disease of various types, 11 patients with arterial hypertension, and 2 with Cushing's syndrome was investigated in vitro by the incubation chromatographic technique. The rate of steroid formation per unit weight of tissue was markedly lower in severe and malignant hypertension and slightly higher in benign hypertension as compared with the rate in normotensive controls. The amount of steroid released varied widely from one gland to the other and showed marked overlapping between the various groups; these variations were most prominent in benign hypertension, less in the normotensive group, and least evident in severe and malignant hypertension. The response of steroidogenesis to ACTH stimulation in vitro was slightly reduced in severe and malignant hypertension. The mean output of aldosterone by adrenal glands from hypertensives was slightly above the mean value obtained with normotensive control glands. The percentage of aldosterone formation in respect to total steroid production was roughly correlated with the severity of hypertension. In four hyperplastic adrenals obtained from two cases of Cushing's syndrome, the in vitro formation of steroids per unit weight of tissue and the response to ACTH did not differ significantly from that found in glands obtained from the other patients under study. The value of in vitro studies for the assessment of the functional capacity of the adrenal cortex is discussed.

STUDIES ON THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS BY ADRENAL GLANDS FROM NORMOTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Davignon ◽  
Erich Koiw ◽  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Gilles Tremblay ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
The Mean

The production of aldosterone and other corticosteroids by adrenal glands surgically removed from 5 normotensive subjects with renal disease of various types, 11 patients with arterial hypertension, and 2 with Cushing's syndrome was investigated in vitro by the incubation chromatographic technique. The rate of steroid formation per unit weight of tissue was markedly lower in severe and malignant hypertension and slightly higher in benign hypertension as compared with the rate in normotensive controls. The amount of steroid released varied widely from one gland to the other and showed marked overlapping between the various groups; these variations were most prominent in benign hypertension, less in the normotensive group, and least evident in severe and malignant hypertension. The response of steroidogenesis to ACTH stimulation in vitro was slightly reduced in severe and malignant hypertension. The mean output of aldosterone by adrenal glands from hypertensives was slightly above the mean value obtained with normotensive control glands. The percentage of aldosterone formation in respect to total steroid production was roughly correlated with the severity of hypertension. In four hyperplastic adrenals obtained from two cases of Cushing's syndrome, the in vitro formation of steroids per unit weight of tissue and the response to ACTH did not differ significantly from that found in glands obtained from the other patients under study. The value of in vitro studies for the assessment of the functional capacity of the adrenal cortex is discussed.

In vivo and in vitro evidence for the production of inhibin-like immunoreactivity in human adrenocortical adenomas and normal adrenal glands: relatively high secretion from adenomas manifesting Cushing's syndrome

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Nishi ◽  
Masafumi Haji ◽  
Ryoichi Takayanagi ◽  
Toshihiko Yanase ◽  
Shoichiro Ikuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenomas

Nishi Y, Haji M, Takayanagi R, Yanase T, Ikuyama S, Nawata H. In vivo and in vitro evidence for the production of inhibin-like immunoreactivity in human adrenocortical adenomas and normal adrenal glands: relatively high secretion from adenomas manifesting Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:292–9. ISSN 0804–4643 To clarify whether adrenal gland secretes inhibin in vivo in physiological or pathological conditions, we measured the levels of inhibin-like immunoreactivity (inhibin-LI) in adrenal veins (A-vein) and compared them with those in inferior vena cava (IVC) using blood samples obtained at catheterization of adrenal vein in the patients with adrenal adenoma manifesting Cushing's syndrome (Cs), aldosterone-producing adenoma, clinically non-functioning adenoma and normal adrenal gland. The tumor sides of A-veins in the patients with adenomas and also both sides of A-veins in subjects with normal adrenal glands showed significantly higher contents of inhibin-LI than their IVC. When the inhibin-LI secretion rate from adrenal gland was estimated by the difference between the levels of A-vein (tumor side) and IVC, Cs adenomas showed the highest secretion rate. Similarly, the tissue inhibin-LI content and the basal secretion rate of inhibit-LI from primary cultured cells were the highest in Cs adenomas. These findings indicated that normal adrenal glands and adrenocortical adenomas produced and secreted inhibin-LI into the general circulation in vivo and Cs adenomas have relatively high capacity for secreting inhibin-LI, and the present study provided the first in vivo evidence for adrenal inhibin-LI production in pathological conditions Yoshihiro Nishi, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812, Japan

131I-19-IODOCHOLESTEROL SCINTIGRAPHY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dige-Petersen ◽  
T. Munkner ◽  
J. Fogh ◽  
M. Blichert-Toft ◽  
J. O. Lund
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenoma ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Small Tumour ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy of the adrenal cortex has been carried out in 26 patients. In 4 patients with normal adrenocortical function the tracer was equally accumulated on the two sides. In 7 patients with untreated Cushing's syndrome, bilateral uptake was found in 4 patients with bilateral hyperplasia whereas unilateral visualization was obtained in three cases of cortisol producing adenomas. The side localization was confirmed at operation. Eight patients had been operated for Cushing's syndrome prior to the scintigraphy. Remnant adrenocortical tissue with negligible or subnormal function (4 patients) could not be visualized. Normo- or hyperfunctioning remnant tissue was visualized in 3 patients. One patient had recurrent hypercorticism due to metastases from a previously removed adrenocortical carcinoma; a single pelvic accumulation was seen, whereas several metastases in the abdomen and thorax were not visualized. Four patients with aldosteronism were investigated. Three had primary aldosteronism due to an adrenocortical adenoma. In two of these, the site of the adrenal lesion was localized pre-operatively. In the third patient, equal bilateral accumulation of iodocholesterol was seen even after suppression with dexamethasone. At operation a small tumour was found. In 1 patient with indeterminate aldosteronism both glands were visualized and at a second examination the uptake was equally suppressed by dexamethasone. Finally 3 patients were investigated. One had a testosterone producing tumour of the right ovary. The tumour was not visualized on the scintigram in spite of a slight accumulation of activity as measured in vitro. Another patient with a cyst of the right adrenal gland presented a defect in the activity on the affected side. In the third patient previously subjected to hypophysectomy, the adrenal cortex was visualized only after ACTH-stimulation. The 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy is a valuable method for the diagnosis and localization of cortisol and aldosterone producing tumours, and for the localization of normo- and hyperfunctioning adrenocortical remnants. The interpretation of the scintigrams must be based on relevant biochemical assays.

Investigation of atrophic adrenal glands in Cushing's syndrome model rats induced by the administration of dexamethasone

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Seki ◽  
Atsushi Yasuda ◽  
Natsumi Kitajima ◽  
Masami Seki ◽  
Masayuki Oki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome

scholarly journals Decreased ligand affinity rather than glucocorticoid receptor down-regulation in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome

2000 ◽  
pp. 472-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Huizenga ◽  
WW De Herder ◽  
JW Koper ◽  
P de Lange ◽  
D AJ v Lely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Ligand Affinity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Receptor Number ◽  
Cortisol Levels

OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoids (GCs) serve a variety of important functions throughout the body. The synthesis and secretion of GCs are under the strict influence of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. The mechanisms of action of GCs are mediated by the intracellular glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Over the years, many studies have been performed concerning the regulation of GR expression by GC concentrations. METHODS: In the present study, we determined the characteristics of the GR in peripheral mononuclear blood leukocytes (PBML) from thirteen patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome and fifteen control subjects, using a whole cell dexamethasone binding assay. Furthermore, cortisol concentrations were determined in order to investigate a possible relationship between serum cortisol levels and receptor characteristics. RESULTS: There were no differences in mean receptor number between patients and controls. On the other hand, a significantly lower ligand affinity was identified in cells from patients with Cushing's syndrome compared with controls. A complete normalisation of the ligand affinity was observed after treatment in the only patient tested in this respect, whereas the receptor number was not affected. In patients, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between cortisol concentrations and ligand affinity, which was not found in controls. CONCLUSION: Receptor down-regulation does not occur in PBML from patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. On the other hand, there seems to be a diminished ligand affinity which possibly reflects receptor modification in response to exposure to the continuously high cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome. This assumption is substantiated by the fact that in one patient a normalisation of the ligand affinity after complete remission of the disease was seen.

Stress-induced Cushing's syndrome in fur-chewing chinchillas

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Tišljar ◽  
D. Janić ◽  
Ž. Grabarević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Epidermal Atrophy ◽  
Gland Atrophy

One of the most serious problems in the chinchilla industry is 'fur-chewing', when the chinchilla bites off areas of its own or some other animal's fur. The condition generally develops in both genders at the age of 6-8 months. In chinchilla farms in Croatia an incidence of 15-20% has been observed. A pathomorphological, microbiological and parasitological investigation was conducted on eleven 6- to 11-month-old chinchillas of both sexes with clinical symptoms of 'fur-chewing' and three chinchillas without such signs. Histopathology of the adrenal glands and of the chewed skin revealed changes typical of Cushing's syndrome in 'fur-chewed' chinchillas, such as hyperkeratinisation of the epidermis, epidermal atrophy, pronounced follicular and sebaceous gland atrophy, hyperkeratinisation of the follicles with comedo formations and the presence of calcium salts in subcutis.

An in vitro Evaluation of Artificial Caries-like Lesions on Restored Overdenture Abutments

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P. Kambhu ◽  
R.L. Ettinger ◽  
J.S. Wefel
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Abutment Teeth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Materials Used

An acidified dialyzed gelatin gel system was used to determine the caries resistance of a variety of restorative materials used to obturate the canal orifice of overdenture abutment teeth. The restorative materials used were Tytin, Tytin + Copalite, P30 + Scotchbond, Fuji Ionomer-Type II, and Miracle Mix. Polarized light microscopy and microradiography were used to examine the caries-like lesions adjacent to the restorations. The lesions formed in the Fuji Ionomer-Type II and Miracle Mix groups appeared arrested at the wall adjacent to the restoration, and did not penetrate apically down the wall as did those associated with the other restorative materials. The mean depths of lesions adjacent to Fuji Ionomer-Type II and Miracle Mix restorations were significantly less than those of Tytin, Tytin + Copalite, or P30 + Scotchbond.

SKIN-FOLD THICKNESS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY AND CUSHING'S SYNDROME

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wright ◽  
G. F. Joplin
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT A simple clinical method of determining the skin-fold thickness on the dorsum of the hand has been described using the Harpendon spring-loaded caliper. A normal range for age and sex has been established in 258 normal subjects. The mean skin-fold thickness was greater in men than in women, and in both decreased with age, falling from 2.85 to 1.75 mm in men, and from 2.65 to 1.60 mm in women (aged 15–20 to 70–80). In 48 acromegalic patients, 71 % of the skin-fold measurements were abnormally thick. In 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome, although all measurements were below the normal mean, 42 % only were abnormally thin.

scholarly journals Cellular and molecular abnormalities of a macronodular adrenal hyperplasia causing beta-blocker-sensitive Cushing's syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1452-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia L. Mazzuco ◽  
Michaël Thomas ◽  
Monique Martinie ◽  
Nadia Cherradi ◽  
Nathalie Sturm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Autocrine Loop ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Molecular Abnormalities

Cushing's syndrome due to ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) can be associated with abnormal responses of aberrantly expressed adrenocortical receptors. This study aimed to characterize in vitro the pathophysiology of hypercortisolism in a b-blocker-sensitive Cushing's syndrome due to AIMAH. Cortisol secretion profile under aberrant receptors stimulation revealed hyperresponsiveness to salbutamol (beta2-adrenoceptor agonist), cisapride (5-HT4 receptor agonist), and vasopressin in AIMAH cultured cells, but not in normal adrenocortical cells. By RT-PCR, AIMAH tissues revealed beta2-adrenoceptor overexpression rather than ectopical expression. MC2R expression was similar in both AIMAH and normal adrenocortical tissues. Curiously, cortisol levels of AIMAH cells under basal condition were 15-fold higher than those of control cells and were not responsive to ACTH. Analysis of culture medium from AIMAH cells could detect the presence of ACTH, which was immunohistochemically confirmed. Finally, the present study of AIMAH cells has identified: a) cortisol hyperresponsiveness to catecholamines, 5-HT4 and vasopressin in vitro, in agreement with clinical screening tests; b) abnormal expression of beta2-adrenoceptors in some areas of the hyperplastic adrenal tissue; c) autocrine loop of ACTH production. Altogether, the demonstration of aberrant responses to hormonal receptors and autocrine hormone production in the same tissue supports the assumption of multiple molecular alterations in adrenal macronodular hyperplasia.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Demineralization at Restoration Margins of Z100 and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill in Dentin and Enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Cristina Leon-Pineda ◽  
Kevin Donly
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Class V ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Recurrent caries is still considered the main reason restorations need to be replaced. There are different materials available now that promise to reduce the possibility of recurrent caries by releasing fluoride and inhibiting restoration marginal caries. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the demineralization inhibition potential of a non-fluoride-releasing resin (Z100TM 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) and a glass containing resin-based composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar/Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), which contains fluoride. Class V preparations were placed on 22 premolars; the gingival margin was below the cementoenamel junction and the occlusal margin was placed above the cemento-enamel junction. Ten teeth were randomly selected to be restored with Z100 while the other 10 were restored with Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill. Both groups were restored following manufacturer’s instructions. All teeth had an acid resistant varnish placed within one millimeter of the preparation margins. Both groups were placed in artificial caries challenge solution (pH 4.4). At the end of the 4 days; 100 µm buccolingual sections were obtained for each tooth; these were photographed under polarized light microscopy and the demineralized areas adjacent to the restorations were measured and quantified. The mean (±S.D.) area (µm2) of demineralization from the occlusal margin (enamel) and dentin margin were: Z100 2781.889 ± 1045.213; 3960.455 ± 705.964 and for Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill 1541.545 ± 1167.027; 3027.600 ± 512.078. Student’s t-test indicated that there was significantly less enamel and dentin demineralization adjacent to Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill compared to Z100; there was significantly less demineralization in enamel compared to dentin in both Tetric EvoCeral Bulk Fill and Z100. Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill performed better inhibiting demineralization at restoration margins when compared to Z100 and provided better demineralization inhibition in enamel than cementum/dentin.

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