Systolic blood pressure responses to enalapril maleate (MK 421, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) and hydrochlorothiazide in conscious Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 846-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Sharma ◽  
P. G. Fernandez ◽  
B. K. Kim ◽  
C. R. Triggle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Systolic blood pressure responses to enalapril maleate (MK 421, a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI)) and hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) were studied in conscious Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats maintained on a high salt (8.0% NaCl) and a normal salt (0.4% NaCl) diet. The DS rats were severely hypertensive after 3 weeks on the high salt diet whereas the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the DR rats were normotensive. Oral treatment with enalapril (15–100 mg∙kg−1∙day−1) and HTZ (60–400 mg∙kg−1∙day−1) caused a significant reduction of SBP in the DS rats with the high salt diet (P < 0.001); however, this was not observed until after 4 weeks of treatment when the dosage was 30 and 150 mg∙kg−1∙day−1, respectively. Furthermore, enalapril therapy alone significantly reduced the SBP of all groups of rats regardless of diet or Dahl strain (P < 0.001), but this was not observed until the end of the 7th week of therapy in DR rats on 8.0% NaCl and the end of the 3rd week of therapy for DR and DS rats on 0.4%) NaCl. These results suggest that enalapril may lower SBP by mechanisms other than those related to an action as a CEI.

Abstract 096: Leptin and High Salt Diet Induce Greater Increases in Blood Pressure in Female than Male Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Faulkner ◽  
Eric J Belin de Chantemele
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
High Salt ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Recent studies by our group demonstrated that leptin is a direct regulator of aldosterone secretion and increases blood pressure via sex-specific mechanisms involving leptin-mediated activation of the aldosterone-mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway in females and sympatho-activation in males. Although it is well accepted that females secrete more leptin and aldosterone than males, it is unknown whether leptin infusion raises blood pressure similarly in male and female mice and whether higher aldosterone levels sensitize females to salt-induced hypertension. We hypothesized that female mice would be more sensitive to leptin than males and also have a potentiated blood pressure rise in response to high salt diet compared to males. Male and female Balb/C mice were implanted with radiotelemeters for continuous measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 10 weeks of age. MAP was measured for seven days prior to feeding with a high-salt diet (HS, 4%NaCl) for seven days. Following a recovery period, animals were then implanted with osmotic minipumps containing leptin (0.9mg/kg/day) recorded for seven days. Baseline MAP was similar between males and females (101.3±2.9 vs 99.3±3.7 mmHg, n=4 and 5, respectively), however, HS diet resulted in a greater MAP increase in females (15.0±2.6 mmHg) compared to males (3.1±4.5 mmHg, P<0.05). MAP with leptin treatment was increased with leptin in females moreso than in males, however, this did not reach significance (6.8±5.8 vs 1.8±5.9 mmHg, respectively). This potential sex difference in blood pressure responses to leptin was not associated with changes in body weight (0.07±0.44 vs -0.22±0.2 g, respectively) nor changes in blood glucose (-19.67±15.06 vs -15.4±11.4 mg/dl, respectively) in males and females in response to leptin. In summary, female mice are more sensitive to HS diet-induced blood pressure increases than males. Females may be more sensitive to leptin-mediated blood pressure increases than males. Further investigation is needed to determine whether these sex differences in blood pressure responses to HS diet and leptin are mediated by aldosterone or other mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker on the Outcome of Hospitalization of Patients With Hypertension and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-666
Author(s):  
Xi-jing Zhuang ◽  
Wen-jun Wang ◽  
Xiao-hui Zhao ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Wei-wang Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background To study the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) on the outcome of hospitalization in patients with hypertension and novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 202 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Thunder-God Hospital, Wuhan from 12 February 2020 to 30 March 2020. According to whether taking ACEI or ARB, 67 (33.0%) patients with hypertension were divided into 3 groups: A, patients received ACEI or ARB after admission (n = 22); B, patients received ACEI or ARB before admission but interrupted after admission (n = 24); and C, patients were not treated with ACEI or ARB before or after admission (n = 21). Changes of therapeutic indicators in all groups of patients and their application relationship with ACEI/ARB were compared and analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, blood pressure, underlying disease severity, or serum biochemical indicators (ALT, LDH, creatinine, and creatine kinase levels) at admission among 3 groups (all P &gt; 0.05). During hospitalization, there were no significant differences in COVID-19-related treatment, oxygen use, hospital mortality, recovery and discharge rate, or days of throat swab nucleic acid turning negative among 3 groups (all P &gt; 0.05). The proportion of calcium channel blocker in groups B and C was higher than group A (95.8% and 85.7% vs. 40.9%, P &lt; 0.01), but there was no significant difference in blood pressure or compliance rates at discharge (P &gt; 0.05). Group A, B, and C patients were hospitalized for 27.4 ± 6.4, 30.0 ± 8.8, and 30.1 ± 9.3 days, respectively (all P &gt; 0.05). Compared with admission values, there were no significant differences in serum ALT, LDH, creatinine, or creatine kinase levels among all 3 groups during hospitalization (all P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions ACEI or ARB has no significant effect on the outcome of hospitalization in patients with hypertension and COVID-19.

Captopril in Refractory Malignant Hypertension

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Zappacosta ◽  
Peter H. Vlasses ◽  
Roger K. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

The blood pressure of a 36-year-old male with malignant hypertension could not be controlled adequately by as many as eight concurrent oral and parenteral antihypertensive agents administered over a three-week period. These agents included the potent vasodilating agent minoxidil. Only after the initiation of captopril, an oral angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was his blood pressure normalized.

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