Noradrenergic alpha2 binding sites in vagal dorsal motor nucleus and nucleus tractus solitarius: autoradiographic localization

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1190-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Robertson ◽  
R. A. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Specific Labelling

The distribution in the canine medulla oblongata of binding sites for p-[3H]aminoclonidine, a ligand specific for alpha2-adrenergic receptors, was studied with light microscopic autoradiographic methods. Specific labelling was determined using unlabelled phentolamine as a displacer. The greatest density of sites was localized in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the area postrema, and in several regions of the nucleus tractus solitarius. Less dense binding of the radioligand was also seen in the inferior olivary nucleus. Dorsomedial regions of the nucleus tractus solitarius were the most densely labelled in this nucleus, and dorsolateral and ventral regions were much less densely labelled. The region of the nucleus tractus solitarius shown in this study to be heavily labelled with alpha2-adrenergic binding sites has been implicated in the autonomic control of blood pressure. The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, together with the nucleus tractus solitarius, may thus represent the site of the antihypertensive action of the drug clonidine, an alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist.

Studies of the Central Neural Pathways to the Stomach and Zusanli (ST36)

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
Han Sol Jung ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Sang Ryoung Lee ◽  
Sang Won Yuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

The purpose of this morphological study was to investigate the relation between the meridian, meridian points and viscera using neuroanatomical tracers. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the stomach and Zusanli were observed following injection of CTB (cholera toxin B subunit) and pseudorabies viruses (PRV-Ba, Bartha strain and PRV-Ba-Gal, galactosidase insertion) into the stomach and Zusanli (ST36). After 4–5 days of survival following injection into twelve rats, they were perfused, and their spinal cords and brains were frozen sectioned (30 μm). These sections were stained by X-gal histochemical, CTB and PRV-Bia immunohistochemical staining methods, and examined with the light microscope. The results were as follows: Commonly labeled medulla oblongata regions were dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve (DMV), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and area postrema (AP) following injection of CTB and PRV-Ba-Gal into stomach and Zusanli, respectively. In the spinal cord, commonly labeled neurons were found in thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Densely labeled areas were found in lamina IV, V, VII (intermediolateral nucleus) and X of the spinal cord. In the brain, commonly labeled neurons were found in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, locus coeruleus, parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, A5 cell group, central gray matter, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic nucleus, retrochiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminals and amygdaloid nucleus. Thus central autonomic center project both to the stomach and Zusanli. These morphological results suggest that there is a commonality of CNS cell groups in brain controlling stomach (viscera) and Zusanli (limb).

scholarly journals Respiratory dysfunction following neonatal sustained hypoxia exposure during a critical window of brain stem extracellular matrix formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. R216-R227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stryker ◽  
D. W. Camperchioli ◽  
C. A. Mayer ◽  
W. J. Alilain ◽  
R. J. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Perineuronal Net ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Control ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Control Regions

The extracellular matrix (ECM) modulates brain maturation and plays a major role in regulating neuronal plasticity during critical periods of development. We examined 1) whether there is a critical postnatal period of ECM expression in brain stem cardiorespiratory control regions and 2) whether the attenuated hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) following neonatal sustained (5 days) hypoxia [SH (11% O2, 24 h/day)] exposure is associated with altered ECM formation. The nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, hypoglossal motor nucleus, cuneate nucleus, and area postrema were immunofluorescently processed for aggrecan and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), a key proteoglycan of the ECM and the perineuronal net. From postnatal day ( P) 5 ( P5), aggrecan and WFA expression increased postnatally in all regions. We observed an abrupt increase in aggrecan expression in the nTS, a region that integrates and receives afferent inputs from the carotid body, between P10 and P15 followed by a distinct and transient plateau between P15 and P20. WFA expression in the nTS exhibited an analogous transient plateau, but it occurred earlier (between P10 and P15). SH between P11 and P15 attenuated the HVR (assessed at P16) and increased aggrecan (but not WFA) expression in the nTS, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and area postrema. An intracisternal microinjection of chondroitinase ABC, an enzyme that digests chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, rescued the HVR and the increased aggrecan expression. These data indicate that important stages of ECM formation take place in key brain stem respiratory neural control regions and appear to be associated with a heightened vulnerability to hypoxia.

Drug-induced activation of the inferior olivary nucleus in young rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Barragan ◽  
N. Delhaye-Bouchaud ◽  
P. Laget
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

scholarly journals Inferior Olivary nucleus degeneration does not lessen tremor in essential tremor

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan D. Louis ◽  
Daniel Trujillo Diaz ◽  
Sheng-Han Kuo ◽  
Shi-Rui Gan ◽  
Etty P. Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1351-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Zhuang ◽  
Fadi Xu ◽  
Donald T. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Fastigial Nucleus ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Respiratory Modulation ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

Several studies have demonstrated that cerebellar deep nuclei, particularly the rostral fastigial nucleus (FNr), are involved in respiratory modulation. These nuclei receive inputs from the contralateral caudal inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla. The objectives of this study were to determine whether electrical and chemical activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nuclei (vIOc) affected respiration and, if true, whether the FNr was involved in the vIOc stimulation-evoked ventilatory responses. Experiments were conducted in 30 anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats. Our results showed that 1) electrical (25 or 100 μA at 10 or 20 Hz for 10 s) and chemical (1 or 100 mM, 25–50 nl N-methyl-d-aspartate) stimulation of the vIOc augmented ventilation predominantly via increasing tidal volume; 2) the responses to the electrical stimulation were almost eliminated by lesion of the contralateral FNr via microinjection of ibotenic acid; and 3) the respiratory responses to electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the rostral IO were 65–70% smaller compared with that evoked by vIOc stimulation. These findings strongly suggest that vIOc neurons play a significant role in modulation of respiratory activity, largely depending on their projections to the FNr.

Subthreshold oscillations of the membrane potential: a functional synchronizing and timing device

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lampl ◽  
Y. Yarom
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Inferior Olivary Nucleus ◽  
Synaptic Potential ◽  
Synaptic Potentials ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations ◽  
Inferior Olivary ◽  
Olivary Nucleus

1. Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations have been observed in different types of CNS neurons. In this in vitro study, we examined the possible role of these oscillations by analyzing the responses of neurons from the inferior olivary nucleus to a combined stimulation of sine wave and synaptic potentials. 2. A nonlinear summation of the sine wave and the synaptic potential occurred in olivary neurons; a superlinear summation occurred when the synaptic potential was elicited at the trough of the sine wave or during the rising phase. On the other hand, a less than linear summation occurred when the synaptic potentials were evoked during the falling phase of the wave. 3. Significant changes in the delay of the synaptic responses were observed. As a result of these changes, the maximum amplitude of the response occurred at the peak of the sine wave, regardless of the exact time of stimulation. The output of the neuron was therefore synchronized with the sine wave and depended only partly on the input phase. 4. These data demonstrate that neurons from the inferior olivary nucleus are capable of operating as accurate synchronizing devices. Moreover, by affecting the delay line, they act as a logic gate that ensures that the information will be added to the system only at given times.

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