Neomycin prevents indomethacin-induced gastric peristalsis and mucosal injury in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Mersereau ◽  
E. John Hinchey
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Gastric Peristalsis ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Peristaltic Contractions

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis together with vagally mediated peristaltic contractions are essential if mucosal injury is to occur in the stomach of indomethacin-treated rats. The neomycin group of antibiotics has been shown to interfere with acetylcholine release. Agents blocking peristalsis have been demonstrated to prevent mucosal injury. We postulated that neomycin might inhibit peristalsis and prevent lesion formation. The effect of oral neomycin and bacitracin on gastric wall tone and peristaltic response to indomethacin were assessed and related to the lesion score. Bacitracin had no effect on either response and severe injury occurred. Neomycin did not block the tonal response to indomethacin but abolished peristalsis and no injury occurred. Induction of peristalsis with insulin in neomycin–indomethacin treated rats restored mucosal injury. It is concluded that neuromuscular blockade by neomycin prevented mucosal lesions by preventing peristalsis and not by impairing the ability of indomethacin to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.Key words: stomach, ulcer, etiology, indomethacin, peristalsis.

Aspirin-induced acute gastric mucosal injury is a neutrophil-dependent process in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. G920-G926 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lee ◽  
K. Aldred ◽  
E. Lee ◽  
M. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Injury ◽  
Mucosal Protection ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Leucovorin Rescue ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

Aspirin, one of the most widely used drugs in the world, consistently produces gastric mucosal injury, but the pathogenic mechanisms are incompletely understood. The present study was designed to determine the role of neutrophils in aspirin-induced acute gastric mucosal injury. Gastric mucosal lesions induced by acidified aspirin (300 mg/kg) were completely prevented in rats that had been rendered profoundly neutropenic by anti-neutrophil serum. Aspirin-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions were also significantly, albeit incompletely, reduced in rats that had been rendered moderately neutropenic by methotrexate. Moreover, in the methotrexate-induced neutropenia model, the neutropenia-associated mucosal protection against aspirin-induced injury could be reversed by leucovorin rescue. Aspirin caused a marked and statistically significant reduction in gastric mucosal 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha synthesis, but no significant changes in gastric mucosal leukotriene synthesis. Thus no gastric mucosal lesions were observed in profoundly neutropenic rats that were treated with aspirin, despite the marked inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. These findings demonstrate that aspirin-induced acute gastric mucosal injury is a neutrophil-dependent process.

Antipyretic Activity of the Root Extracts of Xylocarpus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Y ◽  
Pranitha D ◽  
Phaneendra D ◽  
Madhava Reddy Ch
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

Various types of conditions exist in the body that causes fever and pain. Drugs that are used to treat fever are called antipyretics, and those are usually prescribed to treat elevated body temperature. But those drugs result in many other side effects like ulcers, perforations, bleedings and obstructions, which make their use questionable and limiting. Medicinal plants are used in the treatment of diseases from the starting of the human race and the process; they had been subjected to rigorous investigations and tests to establish a scientific proof and validation of the various pharmacological activities and their respective mechanisms of action in treating the herbs. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant, Xylocarpus mekongesis was investigated for its antipyretic activity in yeast method and 3doses out of which 00mg/kg body weight showed a better activity compared to the standard drug and other extracts too. The mechanism of action was similar to the paracetamol action that is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INHIBITION OF PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS ON OVARIAN HYPERTROPHY IN THE RAT

Reproduction ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. CASTRACANE ◽  
L. F. TANKENOW ◽  
A. A. SHAIKH
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis

INHIBITION OF PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS AS A TREATMENT FOR BILIARY PAIN

The Lancet ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 313 (8116) ◽  
pp. 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Thornell ◽  
J.G. Kral ◽  
R. Jansson ◽  
J. Svanvik
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Biliary Pain ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis

Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition and postprandial intestinal hyperemia

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. G140-G146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gallavan ◽  
C. C. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Marked Effect ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Synthesis Inhibition ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
The Mean

The effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition on the postprandial intestinal hyperemia was examined in the jejunum of anesthetized dogs. Both intravenous and intra-arterial infusion of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and mefenamic acid reduced resting jejunal blood flow and markedly enhanced the food-induced jejunal hyperemia. The jejunal vascular response to food did not change after either intravenous or intra-arterial infusion of the carrier solutions or intra-arterial infusion of angiotensin II. The enhancement of the jejunal hyperemia was associated with an increase in the food-induced increase in jejunal oxygen consumption. Infusion of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors increased the mean amplitude of the monophasic intestinal contractions; however, this did not appear to play a role in the enhancement of the food-induced hyperemia. The study indicates that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis has a marked effect on the postprandial intestinal hyperemia and that this may be due to its enhancement of the jejunal metabolic response to food. The prostaglandins involved and their mechanism of action are unknown.

The Effect of Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis on Microvascular Haemostatic Plug Formation in the Rabbit

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bergqvist ◽  
E. Svensjö ◽  
K.-E. Arfors
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Formation Time ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Plug Formation

Bleeding induced by microvascular transection in the rabbit mesentery stops by the formation of a haemostatic plug. Normal platelets as well as the normal coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are essential for haemostatic plug formation, the initial formation being mainly ADP-dependent and the stability mainly an effect of fibrin formation. The difference in haemostasis between arterioles and venules was abolished by aspirin (Arfors et al. Scand. J. Haematol. 9, 322, 1972). In this study we have investigated the effect of indomethacin. As with aspirin, venular haemostatic plug formation time was shortened and plug stability increased. Local infusion of PGE1 into the cranial mesenteric artery significantly prolonged arteriolar and venular haemostatic plug formation time. Measuring blood flow velocity, vessel contraction and haemostatic plug volume makes it possible to determine the proportion of platelets participating in the formation of an effective plug in individual vessels. Platelet aggregability is significantly higher in plugs formed at injuries on the arteriolar side of the microcirculation than on the venular, but this difference is totally abolished after indomethacin. In conclusion the difference in haemostasis between arterioles and venules in this model can be explained by prostaglandin being formed in the mesenteric preparation.

scholarly journals The Beneficial Biological Properties of Salicylic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavle Randjelović ◽  
Slavimir Veljković ◽  
Nenad Stojiljković ◽  
Dušan Sokolović ◽  
Ivan Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antiinflammatory Effects

Summary Salicylic acid is a phytochemical with beneficial effects on human well-being. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound and is present in various plants where it has a vital role in protection against pathogenic agents. Natural sources include fruits, vegetables and spices. The most famous and defined effect of salicylic acid is prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. Salicylic acid has antiinflammatory effects through suppression of transcription of genes for cyclooxygenase. Most of the pharmacological properties of salicylic acid can be contributed to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Also, it was discovered that salicylic acid has other in vivo cyclooxygenase-independent pathways. Since salicylic acid does not inhibit cyclooxygenase considerably, the anti-inflammatory effect is not a consequence of direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. Because of its fundamental role, it was suggested that inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B by salicylic acid is one of the key anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action for salicylates. One of the most studied properties of salicylic acid is its antioxidative activity. Salicylic acid is a confirmed inhibitor of oxidative stress. Salicylic acid is capable of binding iron. This fact is significant for antioxidative effect of salicylic acid because iron has an important function in the course of lipid peroxidation.

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