Electrical stimulation of the posterior and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei causes specific activation of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Thornhill ◽  
I. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were designed to determine in the same animal whether electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus could specifically evoke shivering and nonshivering (brown adipose tissue) thermogenesis, respectively, in anesthetized, normothermic rats. Urethane-anesthetized, male Long–Evans rats, kept at 37 °C, had colonic (Tc), gastrocnemius muscle (Tm), intrascapular brown adipose tissue (TIBAT), and tail (Tt) temperatures measured via thermistor probes, and electromyogram activity (differential multiunit activity from bipolar recording electrodes within gastrocnemius muscle) recorded, before and after unilateral electrical stimulation (monophasic 0.5-ms pulses of 200 μA at 50 Hz for 30 s) of the posterior hypothalamus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (via stereotaxically implanted concentric stimulating electrodes). Each rat showed shivering (increased electromyogram activity) following posterior hypothalamic stimulation, which caused an immediate rise in Tm values with no change in TIBAT or Tt values. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus of the same animals elicited no shivering activity, but significant increases in TIBAT values occurred with no change in Tm or Tt values. Results confirm that stimulation of the posterior and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei in rodents specifically activates shivering and nonshivering (brown adipose tissue) effector mechanisms, respectively, to raise core temperature.Key words: posterior hypothalamus, shivering thermogenesis, ventromedial hypothalamus, intrascapular brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis evoked by medial preoptic stimulation is mediated via the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thornhill ◽  
A. Jugnauth ◽  
I. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus

Experiments were designed to determine if a functional ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus was required for the activation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis evoked by medial preoptic stimulation. Male, urethane-anesthetized Long–Evans rats, maintained at 37 °C, had temperatures (thermistor probes for gastrocnemius, Tm; intrascapular brown adipose tissue, 7IBAT; colonic, Tc; and tail, Tt), gastrocnemius electromyogram activity (via stainless steel recording electrodes), and systemic blood pressure and heart rate (via a femoral arterial catheter) measured before and after a series of unilateral medial preoptic electrical stimulations (monophasic 0.5-ms pulses of 300 μA at 50 Hz for 30 s). Measurements were made (i) after an initial control medial preoptic electrical stimulation, (ii) after medial preoptic stimulation was applied 1 min following an intracranial injection of 300 nL of sterile saline or buffered 2% Lidocaine into the ipsilateral posterior hypothalamic nucleus or the ipsilateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, and (iii) after recovery medial preoptic stimulation 45 min after Lidocaine was injected into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. TIBAT and blood pressure rose significantly (p < 0.05) above the corresponding prestimulation control values with all protocols, except when Lidocaine was injected into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus prior to medial preoptic stimulation. Shivering (electromyogram) activity was not evoked following medial preoptic stimulation and Tm and Tt did not significantly change from the corresponding prestimulation values. A recovery medial preoptic stimulation 45 min after Lidocaine treatment of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus again evoked significant increases in TIBAT above the core temperature, similar to the rise in TIBAT seen after the first control medial preoptic stimulation. Pretreatment with Lidocaine into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus before medial preoptic stimulation caused no suppression of blood pressure compared with treatments after the control medial preoptic stimulation; however, TIBAT was reduced (p < 0.05) from the marked rise in TIBAT seen after the control stimulation. Results indicate that a functional ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus is required for medial preoptic stimulation to activate brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.Key words: brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, medial preoptic stimulation, thermoregulation, heat production.

Dopaminergic Input from the Posterior Hypothalamus to the Raphe Pallidus Area Inhibits Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Paula Santos da Conceição Furber ◽  
Clarissa M.D. Mota ◽  
Edward Veytsman ◽  
Shaun F. Morrison ◽  
Christopher J. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Raphe Pallidus

Systemic administration of dopamine (DA) receptor agonists leads to falls in body temperature. However, the central thermoregulatory pathways modulated by DA have not been fully elucidated. Here we identified a source and site of action contributing to DA's hypothermic action by inhibition of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Nanoinjection of the type 2 and type 3 DA receptor (D2R/D3R) agonist, 7-OH-DPAT, in the rostral raphe pallidus area (rRPa) inhibits the sympathetic activation of BAT evoked by cold exposure or by direct activation of NMDA receptors in the rRPa. Blockade of D2R/D3R in the rRPa with nanoinjection of SB-277011A increases BAT thermogenesis, consistent with a tonic release of DA in the rRPa contributing to inhibition of BAT thermogenesis. Accordingly, D2R are expressed in cold-activated and serotonergic neurons in the rRPa and anatomical tracing studies revealed that neurons in the posterior hypothalamus (PH) are a source of dopaminergic input to the rRPa. Disinhibitory activation of PH neurons with nanoinjection of gabazine inhibits BAT thermogenesis, which is reduced by pre-treatment of the rRPa with SB-277011A. In conclusion, the rRPa, the site of sympathetic premotor neurons for BAT, receives a tonically-active, dopaminergic input from the PH that suppresses BAT thermogenesis.

scholarly journals GDP binding to brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria of mice treated chronically with corticosterone

1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
K S Galpin ◽  
R G Henderson ◽  
W P T James ◽  
P Trayhurn
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Activity ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cytochrome oxidase activity and mitochondrial GDP binding were decreased in brown adipose tissue of mice treated chronically with corticosterone. These changes occurred both in corticosterone-treated mice fed ad libitum and in treated mice pair-fed to control animals. Although the dietary stimulation of brown-adipose-tissue thermogenesis was suppressed by corticosterone, the acute response to cold was not affected.

scholarly journals Activation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis by electrical stimulation to the dorsal surface of the tissue in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoe IWAMI ◽  
Feras ALKAYED ◽  
Takahiko SHIINA ◽  
Keisuke TAIRA ◽  
Yasutake SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Quantitative contribution of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis to overall metabolism

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Quantitative Contribution ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

Measurement of brown adipose tissue (BAT) blood flow coupled, when feasible, with measurement of the arteriovenous difference in oxygen across the tissue has been used to estimate the contribution of BAT thermogenesis to the metabolism of several species of laboratory, domestic, or wild mammals under various conditions: warm or cold exposure; arousal from hibernation; stimulation of metabolism by exogenous noradrenaline in warm- or cold-acclimated animals, in lean or obese animals, and in animals exhibiting high- or low-diet-induced thermogenesis. These studies have shown that in some species and under certain conditions BAT thermogenesis may account for as much as about one-third of the overall metabolic rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document