An analysis of life histories in freshwater bivalves (Mollusca: Pisidiidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Way
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
History Data ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Freshwater Bivalves ◽  
Correlation Statistics

A survey of patterns of covariation of six life history traits in 13 species (26 populations) of pisidiid bivalves was carried out using canonical discriminant analysis. The analysis separated the three genera of pisidiids into significantly different clusters. The traits that separated the genera have been called life history tactics and the genera have been placed along an r–K continuum. Univariate phenotypic correlation statistics were used to identify specific life history traits that covary at the genus and interspecific levels. The identifiable groupings of life history traits and traits that strongly covary appear to be influenced in part by phylogeny (size differences between genera), allometry (size differences within a cohort), and habitat (both localized and historical influences). At the present time there is a lack of the detailed intraspecific life history data necessary to sort out the causality behind the groupings of traits. It will be necessary to make detailed comparisons of life histories at the intraspecific level to attain an understanding of the proximal processes involved in causing life history variability.

A global review of life history studies on burrowing crayfish

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-379
Author(s):  
Caitlin C. Bloomer ◽  
Robert J. DiStefano ◽  
Christopher A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
History Data ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Life History Study

Abstract Burrowing crayfishes have historically lacked life history data due to their elusive nature and difficultly extracting them from burrows. This review provides a synopsis of current literature on burrowing crayfishes’ life histories and a quantitative analysis of published life history content. Only 69 publications covering 94 burrowing species (approx. 39%) met our criteria for a life history study. Many species had only partial life histories documented and two genera (Engaewa and Tenuibranchiurus) had no life history studies available. Size and reproductive season were the most recorded traits across studies while others such as mortality and age/size at molting events were rarely recorded. Reproductive investment, an important predictor of imperilment, was lacking in 87% of burrowing species. Our review emphasizes the need to include life history data with new species descriptions and conduct basic life history studies to effectively assess data-deficient species and protect the future of our threatened burrowing crayfishes.

scholarly journals Optimal immune specificity at the intersection of host life history and parasite epidemiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Downie ◽  
A. Mayer ◽  
C. J. E. Metcalf ◽  
A. L. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
History Data ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Recognition And Response ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractEpidemiology and life history are commonly hypothesized to influence host immune strategy, and the pairwise relationships between immune strategy and each factor have been extensively investigated. But the interaction of these two is rarely considered, despite evidence that this interaction might produce emergent effects on optimal immune strategy. Here we investigate the confluence of epidemiology and life history as it affects immune strategy through a demographically-framed model of sensitivity and specificity in parasite recognition and response. We find that variation in several different life history traits associated with both reproduction and longevity alters optimal immune strategies – but the direction and magnitude of these effects depends on how epidemiological risks vary across life. Drawing on published life history data, we also find that our predictions apply across chordate taxa. Our results shed light on the complex interactions shaping immune strategy and may prove valuable in interpreting empirical results in ecoimmunology.

Hormones and Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Maren N. Vitousek ◽  
Laura A. Schoenle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Behavior

Hormones mediate the expression of life history traits—phenotypic traits that contribute to lifetime fitness (i.e., reproductive timing, growth rate, number and size of offspring). The endocrine system shapes phenotype by organizing tissues during developmental periods and by activating changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology in response to varying physical and social environments. Because hormones can simultaneously regulate many traits (hormonal pleiotropy), they are important mediators of life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and survival. This chapter reviews the role of hormones in shaping life histories with an emphasis on developmental plasticity and reversible flexibility in endocrine and life history traits. It also discusses the advantages of studying hormone–behavior interactions from an evolutionary perspective. Recent research in evolutionary endocrinology has provided insight into the heritability of endocrine traits, how selection on hormone systems may influence the evolution of life histories, and the role of hormonal pleiotropy in driving or constraining evolution.

A revision of the subfamily Haplorchinae Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae): I. The Haplorchis group

Parasitology ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Ventral Sucker ◽  
Genital Pore ◽  
History Data ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Excretory Bladder

Earlier schemes of classification of the family Heterophyidae have been based in large part on such features as shape of body, presence of oral spines, number and position of testes, and distribution of vitellaria (Witenberg, 1929; Ciurea, 1933; Mueller & Van Cleave, 1932). Price (1940a) was the first to make extensive use of features of the ventrogenital complex (ventral sucker, gonotyl, genital pore, terminal male duct) and excretory bladder, and produced the first reasonable classification of both the family Heterophyidae and the superfamily Opisthorchioidea. In despite of the obvious significance of the rationale of Price's approach, later authors (Morozov, 1952, 1955; Yamaguti, 1958) have largely ignored the ventrogenital complex and recently discovered life-history data, and have used much the same sorts of features as earlier authors.

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