Marten selection of postfire seres in the Alaskan taiga

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2226-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Paragi ◽  
W. N. Johnson ◽  
Donald D. Katnik ◽  
Audrey J. Magoun
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Tall Shrub ◽  
Harvest Strategy ◽  
Forest Cover Types

During 1991 – 1994 we tested whether martens (Martes americana) selectively used postfire seres in the Alaskan taiga and whether selection could be explained by differences in marten hunting behaviour, habitat, prey abundance, or demography. Forest seral stages included early-successional tall shrub – sapling (1985 burn), midsuccessional dense tree (1966 burn), and mature coniferous (100–115 years old). Most studies of marten – habitat relationships from lower latitudes suggest that martens require coniferous forest and avoid open areas. We found that martens did not select forest cover types or burn features at the stand scale (within the home range). However, marten abundance was greatest in the 1985 burn, which had the lowest canopy cover but the highest coarse woody debris density, autumn arvicoline biomass, and winter hunting intensity (index to foraging suitability). Martens in the 1985 burn were predominantly juvenile, with few adult (≥2 years old) females present. We hypothesize that our study area of predominantly early – midsuccessional forest was a "sink" for immature and transient martens dispersing from surrounding mature forest. If our hypothesis is correct and applies elsewhere in the taiga, then fur trapping for martens in recent burns could be a productive yet conservative harvest strategy. Future research should focus on habitat requirements of parturient females.

scholarly journals Estimates of Down Woody Materials on Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Cover Type ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Forest Cover Types ◽  
Structure Class

Abstract An inventory of down woody materials (DWM) was conducted on Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia, to develop a baseline of DWM abundance and distribution to assist in wildland fire management. Estimates of DWM are necessary to develop accurate assessments of wildfire hazard, model wildland fire behavior, and establish thresholds for retaining DWM, specifically CWD (coarse woody debris), as a structural component of forest ecosystems. DWM were sampled by forest type and structure class using US Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) field procedures. DWM averaged 12–16 tn/ac depending on forest cover type and structure class. Coarse woody debris (CWD) averaged 2.7–13.0 tn/ac depending on forest cover type and structure class. CWD comprised more than 70% of DWM across all forest cover types and structure classes. Fine woody debris (FWD) averaged 0.05–3.2 tn/ac depending on fuel hour class, forest cover type, and structure class. DWM was consistently higher in mature (sawtimber) forests than in young (poletimber) forests across all forest cover types, attributed to an increased CWD component of DWM. The variability associated with DWM suggests that obtaining robust estimates of CWD biomass will require a higher sampling intensity than FWD because of its nonuniform distribution in forest systems. FIA field procedures for tallying and quantifying DWM were practical, efficient, and, subsequently, included as permanent metrics in Fort A.P. Hill's Continuous Forest Inventory program.

Species assemblage of buprestid beetles in four hardwood cover types in Michigan

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Redilla ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Species Assemblage ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Forest Cover Types ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Populus Spp ◽  
Manuka Oil

Information on species assemblages of metallic wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in forested habitats in North America is relatively scarce, likely reflecting the difficulty of effectively trapping and accurately identifying species. We identified buprestid species captured on four baited traps placed in each of 12 sites representing four common forest cover types in five Michigan counties. Overstory vegetation was dominated by ash (Fraxinus spp.), maple (Acer spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), or poplar (Populus spp.) trees (three sites per cover type). A total of 1656 buprestids representing 28 species were captured on sticky purple prism traps baited with either cis-3-hexenol plus Manuka oil or 3R-hydroxyhexane-2-one plus ethanol from May to August 2014. Buprestid species richness ranged from 6 to 13 species per site. PERMANOVA results showed that buprestid species composition differed among forest cover types (P < 0.005). The invasive Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire and the native Chrysobothris femorata Olivier species group were significant indicators of oak sites, while Agrilus obsoletoguttatus Gory was a significant indicator of maple sites. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that abundance of captured buprestids was influenced by availability of fresh snags and coarse woody debris. Our results indicate that trapping can provide an efficient means to assess assemblages of phloem- or wood-boring buprestids.

Forest cover types derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery for Changbai Mountain area of China

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofan Shao ◽  
Herman H. Shugart ◽  
Guang Zhao ◽  
Shidong Zhao ◽  
Shaoxian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Changbai Mountain ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Landsat Thematic Mapper ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Forest Cover Types

The distributions of various forest cover types on Changbai Mountain of northeastern China were examined by interpreting Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite data. The area studied consists of the Changbai Nature Reserve plus an 8 km wide buffer zone. The dominant forest cover types were mixed Korean pine (Pinuskoraiensis Sieb. & Zucc.) hardwood forest below 1100 m above sea level (asl) and evergreen coniferous forest between 1100 and 1650 m asl. These two forest cover types accounted for about 70% of the area inside the reserve, and 50% of the area outside the reserve. Other forest cover types included aspen (Populusdavidiana Dode) –white birch (Betulaplatyphylla Sukachev) forest, hardwood forest, larch (Larixolgensis A. Henry) forest, sparse forest land, and mountain birch (Betulaermanii Cham.) forest. Above the forest line (1950 m asl), a zone of tundra was distributed on the top of Changbai Mountain. The mountain birch forest was located between tundra and the evergreen forest. Human-altered areas, including forest clearcuts and urban areas, accounted for only 10% of the whole study area. More than 90% (in area) of the human-altered areas was found in the zone surrounding the reserve. To better protect the old-growth forest ecosystems inside and outside Changbai Nature Reserve, conservation planning for the reserve and forest management for the surrounding area need to be modified.

scholarly journals Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Tree Canopies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2640
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Akash Jamil ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Ahsan Ul Haq ◽  
Ahmad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Closed Canopy

The moist temperate forests in Northern Pakistan are home to a variety of flora and fauna that are pivotal in sustaining the livelihoods of the local communities. In these forests, distribution and richness of vegetation, especially that of medicinal plants, is rarely reported. In this study, we carried out a vegetation survey in District Balakot, located in Northeastern Pakistan, to characterize the diversity of medicinal plants under different canopies of coniferous forest. The experimental site was divided into three major categories (viz., closed canopy, open spaces, and partial tree cover). A sampling plot of 100 m2 was established on each site to measure species diversity, dominance, and evenness. To observe richness and abundance, the rarefaction and rank abundance curves were plotted. Results revealed that a total of 45 species representing 34 families were available in the study site. Medicinal plants were the most abundant (45%) followed by edible plants (26%). Tree canopy cover affected the overall growth of medicinal plants on the basis of abundance and richness. The site with partial canopy exhibited the highest diversity, dominance, and abundance compared to open spaces and closed canopy. These findings are instrumental in identifying the wealth of the medicinal floral diversity in the northeastern temperate forest of Balakot and the opportunity to sustain the livelihoods of local communities with the help of public/private partnership.

scholarly journals Discrepancies between Global Forest Net Primary Productivity Estimates Derived from MODIS and Forest Inventory Data and Underlying Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Jin Han Park ◽  
Jianbang Gan ◽  
Chan Park
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Carbon Losses

The net primary productivity (NPP) of a forest is an important indicator of its potential for the provision of ecosystem services such as timber, carbon, and biodiversity. However, accurately and consistently quantifying global forest NPP remains a challenge in practice. We converted carbon stock changes using the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) data and carbon losses associated with disturbances and timber removals into an NPP equivalent measurement (FRA NPP*) and compared it with the NPP derived from the MODIS satellite data (MOD17 NPP) for the world’s forests. We found statistically significant differences between the two NPP estimates, with the FRA NPP* being lower than the MOD17 NPP; the differences were correlated with forest cover, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and GDP per capita in countries, and may also stem from the NPP estimation methods and scopes. While the former explicitly accounts for carbon losses associated with timber removals and disturbances, the latter better reflects the principles of photosynthesis. The discrepancies between the two NPP estimates increase in countries with a low income or low forest cover, calling for enhancing their forest resource assessment capacity. By identifying the discrepancies and underlying factors, we also provide new insights into the relationships between the MOD17 NPP and global forest carbon stock estimates, motivating and guiding future research to improve the robustness of quantifying global forest NPP and carbon sequestration potential.

The forest resource of Labrador: Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery provides a unique and current perspective

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Drieman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Landsat Thematic Mapper ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Colour Composite ◽  
Verification Process ◽  
Forest Cover Types

The need for a current, regional perspective of the forest of Labrador was identified. Mapping of forest cover types, peat-lands, recent burns and clearcut disturbances was accomplished through visual interpretation of 1:1,000,000 scale Landsat Thematic mapper colour composite transparencies and the transfer of interpreted polygons to a geographic information system. The mapping and verification process is described in this paper. The end product, a forest resource map, provides the most up-to-date and detailed information on Labrador's forest cover types and disturbances available on a single map. The digital format of the map facilities area summaries, viewing and printing.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of China’s National Forest Protection Program and National-level Nature Reserves, 2000 to 2010

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guopeng Ren ◽  
Stephen S. Young ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yongcheng Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Deforestation Rates

There is profound interest in knowing the degree to which China’s institutions are capable of protecting its natural forests and biodiversity in the face of economic and political change. China’s two most important forest protection policies are its National Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and its National-level Nature Reserves (NNRs). The NFPP was implemented in 17 provinces starting in the year 2000 in response to deforestation-caused flooding. We used MODIS data (MOD13Q1) to estimate forest cover and forest loss across mainland China, and we report that 1.765 million km2or 18.7% of mainland China was covered in forest (12.3%, canopy cover > 70%) and woodland (6.4%, 40% ≤ canopy cover < 70%) in 2000. By 2010, a total of 480,203 km2of forest+woodland was lost, amounting to an annual deforestation rate of 2.7%. The forest-only loss was 127,473 km2, or 1.05% annually. The three most rapidly deforested provinces were outside NFPP jurisdiction, in the southeast. Within the NFPP provinces, the annual forest+woodland loss rate was 2.26%, and the forest-only rate was 0.62%. Because these loss rates are likely overestimates, China appears to have achieved, and even exceeded, its NFPP target of reducing deforestation to 1.1% annually in the target provinces. We also assemble the first-ever polygon dataset for China’s forested NNRs (n=237), which covered 74,030 km2in 2000. Conventional unmatched and covariate-matching analyses both find that about two-thirds of China’s NNRs exhibit effectiveness in protecting forest cover and that within-NNR deforestation rates are higher in provinces that have higher overall deforestation.

scholarly journals Monitoring Land Cover Changes in the Disaster-Prone Area: A Case Study of Cangkringan Sub-District, the Flanks of Mount Merapi, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronggo Sadono ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Mochammad Maksum Machfoedz ◽  
Setiaji Setiaji
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
The North ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Cover Class ◽  
Forest Cover Types

Volcanic eruption is one of the natural factors that affect land cover changes. This study aimed to monitor land cover changes using a remote sensing approach in Cangkringan Sub-district, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, one of the areas most vulnerable to Mount Merapi eruption. Three satellite images, dating from 2001, 2006 and 2011, were used as main data for land cover classification based on a supervised classification approach. The land cover detection analysis was undertaken by overlaying the classification results from those images. The results show that the dominant land cover class is annual crops, covering 40% of the study area, while the remaining 60% consists of forest cover types, dryland farming, paddy fields, settlements, and bare land. The forests were distributed in the north, and the annual crops in the middle of the study area, while the villages and the rice fields were generally located in the south. In the 2001–2011 period, forests were the most increased land cover type, while annual crops decreased the most, as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010. Such data and information are important for the local government or related institutions to formulate Detailed Spatial Plans (RDTR) in the Disaster-Prone Areas (KRB).

scholarly journals Different forest cover and its impact on eco-hydrological traits, invertebrate fauna and biodiversity of spring habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Reiss ◽  
Peter Chifflard
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Low Mountain Ranges

Headwater springs in the German Low Mountain Ranges are local ecotone habitats and biogeographical islands embedded in and interlinked with their adjacent landscape. The structure of forests reflects the eco-hydrological conditions in substrate type occurrence, microhabitat richness and biodiversity in forest springs. This study considers effects from different forest land cover by comparing spring habitats in deciduous beech forests and coniferous spruce forests on eco-hydrological structures and biodiversity. Study areas include six different forest landscapes in the Low Mountain Ranges in Central Germany in Hesse and Thuringia. Hydro-morphological structure mapping and invertebrate sampling was executed within a multi-habitat sampling regime, which involves sampling plots being allocated according to the cover ratio of the occurring substrata. Aquatic and terrestrial spring zones are considered with respect to an ecotone approach. Some in situ measurements were implemented, such as pH values, to assess the acidity of the spring water. Results show obvious differences in acidity, substrate type cover ratios and biodiversity in deciduous and coniferous forest springs. Conifer forest springs were found tending to acidification while deciduous forest springs were slightly alkaline. Deciduous forest springs had higher cover ratios of organic microhabitats as well as a higher biodiversity in species richness and total number of individuals. Although it was not possible to clearly distinguish one direct key factor of fauna assemblages, negative effects from forest management practices (e.g. monoculture plantations of conifer forest) on spring habitats can be concluded.

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